treatment of psychological disorders desirée adams 04/09/09
TRANSCRIPT
What we’ll cover
• Misconceptions of Therapy• Types of Therapy
• Psychoanalysis• Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)• Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy• Eclecticism
Misconceptions about Therapy
• Video: Analyze This• All “talk therapy” while laying on a
couch• Therapist dominated (therapist
knows more about you than you know about yourself)
• Must be in therapy for years• People in therapy are “weak”• One “a-ha” moment that solves all of
your problems
Psychoanalysis• Freud was the first formal
therapist (physician) • Insight therapy (aka Talk
therapy)• Talking about emotions “cured”
physical problems• Gain insight into self by exposing
unconscious thoughts• Free Association, Dream Analysis
• Insight therapy today
How CBT came about
• Spawned from Behavior Therapy• 1950’s – 1970’s –Behaviorism movement
• Focused on overt behaviors• Based on Learning Theories• Therapists attempt to change behaviors based
on classical, operant , and observational learning
• Cognitive Therapy• 1980’s – current – Cognition movement
• Focused on thoughts, thinking errors• Therapists attempt to change maladaptive
thoughts
CBT
• Cognitive = “cognitions” or “thoughts”• The way you THINK and what you THINK
• Behavioral = behaviors/actions• What you DO and how you ACT
• Use combinations of verbal/insight interventions with behavioral modifications to change maladaptive beliefs which often lead to maladaptive behaviors
CBT Techniques• Cognitive aspects:
• Identify negative maladaptive thought patterns (like bad habits - automatic)
• How? Thought records
• Challenge thoughts • How? Reality testing/providing evidence
• Create rational rebuttals to irrational thoughts
• How? Specific statements based on evidence
• Thought disorders (i.e., Schizophrenia)• Challenge thoughts• Remove aversive reaction to delusions
Activity Time!Cognitive Restructuring in Action
• Mr. Laurie has recently announced he has “mild depression.” I guess Dr. House is rubbing off on him. Let’s help him with some cognitive restructuring!
• Using the handout provided, give an example of:• Emotion tied to the
event• Automatic/irrational
thought• Rational response
CBT Techniques
• Behavioral Aspects – Depends upon disorder
• Anxiety symptoms• Muscle relaxation, sleep diary/sleep
hygiene, social skills training
• Depressive symptoms• Behavioral activation, pleasant events
schedule, sleep diary/sleep hygiene
• Schizophrenia• Social skills, behavior modification with
token economy (hygiene, social activities)
CBT Techniques
• Homework Assignments!!• Sports Team analogy• If you want to see improvement, you
need to practice outside of session• Cognitive- and behavioral-based
assignments (thought records, sleep diaries/sleep hygiene, social skills)
CBT video
• Aaron Beck treating client using CBT methods• What techniques are being used?• Note the client’s reactions
Mindfulness-Based Therapy
• Recent adaptation of cognitive therapy
• View thoughts as mental events• Decenter from thoughts• “I am not my thoughts”
• Meditation
• Effective for recurrent depression
Eclecticism
• Most psychologists practice “eclecticism”• “Melting pot” of therapies –
combining techniques from different types of therapy into one that will work best for the client. • CBT often serves as a basis for most
therapy strategies, but other techniques are incorporated
• Example: Using Free Association to discover the content and type of negative thought patterns
You Be the Psychologist!!
• JA was self-referred to the Psychology Clinic to address complaints of depression.
• Develop a treatment plan based on her clinical presentation and your understanding of appropriate treatment for such symptoms.
Resources
• The University of Alabama’s Counseling Center is open to students and is a great resource. Website:• http://www.sa.ua.edu/Counseling/cou
nseling.html
• Location: 225 Russell Hall• Phone Number: 205.348.3863