tree id - isa cert. arborist - read-only - compatibility...
TRANSCRIPT
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Tree IdentificationISA Certified Arborist
Study guide for the Arborist Certification exam of the International Society of
Arboriculture.
Courtney BlevinsTexas A&M Forest Service, Ft. Worth
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Why Does It Matter?
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Plant Classification
Plant Classification (taxonomy)Kingdom (Plant)
Phylum (Vascular plants or not)
Class (Angiosperms; di or monocotyledons
Gymnosperms have “naked seeds”)
Order
Family (Similar characteristics)
Genus (Closely related, Quercus)
Species (THE individual plant)
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Plant Nomenclature
Plant Nomenclature (naming of plants)
Common names vs. Latin names
Genus and species…. Quercus stellata
Varieties & cultivars… var. & ‘Little gem’
Plant Morphology (appearance of tree parts)
Branching structure (alternate, opposite, whorled)
Leaf type (simple or compound)
Leaf margins, apices & bases
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Plant Morphology continued
Bud type and arrangement
Twig & pith characteristics
Seed types (acorn, samara, legume, etc.)
Bark characteristics (ex. hackberry “warts”)
Form & habitat
Flowers (ex. flowering dogwood)
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“Keys” are helpful
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Regionalized References
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Main ID Characteristics
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Flowers – Sometimes Easy
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Sometimes Not
• Taxonomists first choice
• Not present for long
• Very difficult for non-botanists
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Fruit - Seed
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• Very diagnostic
• Often present longer than flowers
• Dioeceous trees?
• Sexual maturity
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Buds & Twigs
• Leaf scars
• Bud types
• Bud scales
• Linticles
• Pith
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Buds & Twigs
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Stem Arrangement
Look on newest growth!
opposite alternate whorled
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Stem Arrangement – cont’d
Remember to look on newest growth for the branching arrangement! (branch tips)
Alternate – Most trees have this type of arrangement. This is the most common form.
Opposite – Very uncommon in Texas trees. Remember this acronym …. “MAD BUCK”. Maples, Ashes, Dogwoods and Buckeyes have this form of branching.
Whorled – Even less common. The most notable landscape trees would be the Catalpas.
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Leaves
• Most common ID for non-professionals
• Hundreds of variations in form & type
• Present much of the year in our region
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Leaf Arrangement & “Parts”
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Leaf Types
Simple Compound Needle
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Compound Leaf Types
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Compound Leaf Types – cont’d
Pinnate (once) Bi-Pinnate (twice) Palmate
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Leaf Bases & Apices
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Leaf Margins & Other Types
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Leaf Margins
Entire Serrated Lobed
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LEAF SHAPES
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Other ID Characteristics
• Form
• Habitat
• Bark
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BARK
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When all else fails….
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White ash Fraxinus americana
To tell apart from Green Ash notice the shape of the leaf scar & the wing position on the seed
Opposite branching
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Green ashFraxinus pennsylvanica
To tell apart from Green Ash notice the shape of the leaf scar & the wing position on the seed
Opposite branching
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Eastern cottonwoodPopulus deltoides
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American elmUlmus americana
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Cedar elmUlmus crassifolia
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Sugar hackberryCeltis laevigata
Notice 3 veins join at petiole
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MulberryMorus spp.
There are native Red & Texas
mulberries and naturalized White
and Paper mulberries
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Bur oakQuercus macrocarpa
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Post oakQuercus stellata
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Chinquapin oakQuercus muehlenbergii
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Live oakQuercus virginiana (or fusiformis)
For the most part:
Q. fusiformis is native west of I-35 and Q. virginiana
east of I-35
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Shumard & Texas red oaksQuercus shumardi & buckleyii
Shumard acorns.
Larger than TX and very flat
cap
These species hybridize readily where their ranges
overlap producing many trees with combined characteristics
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Lacey oakQuercus laceyi
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Callery pearPyrus calleryana
Remember this is a presentation on Tree ID, not Recommended Trees!
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Eastern redbudCercis canadensis In Central Texas
there are also the Texas & Mexican
redbuds
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Eastern redcedarJuniperus virginiana
Usually has a single trunk
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Ashe JuniperJuniperus ashei
Usually multi-trunked
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Pinchot JuniperJuniperus pinchoti
Usually multi-trunked and
always with Red fruit
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SycamorePlatanus occidentalis
In South & West Texas
look for Mexican & Arizona
sycamores
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Tree of HeavenAilanthus altissima
Leaf may be over 2’ long!
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Black walnutJuglans nigra
Has “Chambered” pith
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PecanCarya illinoinensis
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Osage-orangeMaclura pomifera
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Black willowSalix nigra
![Page 54: Tree ID - ISA Cert. Arborist - Read-Only - Compatibility Modectufc.org/.../Tree-ID-ISA-Cert.-Arborist-Courtney... · 4/18/2019 · /HDI W\SH VLPSOH RU FRPSRXQG /HDI PDUJLQV DSLFHV](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052011/60276c89a71f70182614b57a/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Southern catalpaCatalpa bignonioides
Northern catalpa does not have
these purple lines
Whorled
![Page 55: Tree ID - ISA Cert. Arborist - Read-Only - Compatibility Modectufc.org/.../Tree-ID-ISA-Cert.-Arborist-Courtney... · 4/18/2019 · /HDI W\SH VLPSOH RU FRPSRXQG /HDI PDUJLQV DSLFHV](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052011/60276c89a71f70182614b57a/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Crepe myrtleLagerstroemia indica
![Page 56: Tree ID - ISA Cert. Arborist - Read-Only - Compatibility Modectufc.org/.../Tree-ID-ISA-Cert.-Arborist-Courtney... · 4/18/2019 · /HDI W\SH VLPSOH RU FRPSRXQG /HDI PDUJLQV DSLFHV](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052011/60276c89a71f70182614b57a/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
SweetgumLiquidambar styraciflua
![Page 57: Tree ID - ISA Cert. Arborist - Read-Only - Compatibility Modectufc.org/.../Tree-ID-ISA-Cert.-Arborist-Courtney... · 4/18/2019 · /HDI W\SH VLPSOH RU FRPSRXQG /HDI PDUJLQV DSLFHV](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052011/60276c89a71f70182614b57a/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Southern magnoliaMagnolia grandiflora
![Page 58: Tree ID - ISA Cert. Arborist - Read-Only - Compatibility Modectufc.org/.../Tree-ID-ISA-Cert.-Arborist-Courtney... · 4/18/2019 · /HDI W\SH VLPSOH RU FRPSRXQG /HDI PDUJLQV DSLFHV](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052011/60276c89a71f70182614b57a/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Afghan (Eldarica) pinePinus eldarica
2 needle pine
Branches to
ground
![Page 59: Tree ID - ISA Cert. Arborist - Read-Only - Compatibility Modectufc.org/.../Tree-ID-ISA-Cert.-Arborist-Courtney... · 4/18/2019 · /HDI W\SH VLPSOH RU FRPSRXQG /HDI PDUJLQV DSLFHV](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052011/60276c89a71f70182614b57a/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Japanese black pinePinus thunbergi
Asymetrical form
2 needle pine
Long “candles” (buds)
![Page 60: Tree ID - ISA Cert. Arborist - Read-Only - Compatibility Modectufc.org/.../Tree-ID-ISA-Cert.-Arborist-Courtney... · 4/18/2019 · /HDI W\SH VLPSOH RU FRPSRXQG /HDI PDUJLQV DSLFHV](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052011/60276c89a71f70182614b57a/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Honey MesquiteProsopis glandulosa
![Page 61: Tree ID - ISA Cert. Arborist - Read-Only - Compatibility Modectufc.org/.../Tree-ID-ISA-Cert.-Arborist-Courtney... · 4/18/2019 · /HDI W\SH VLPSOH RU FRPSRXQG /HDI PDUJLQV DSLFHV](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052011/60276c89a71f70182614b57a/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
BaldcypressTaxodium distichum
![Page 62: Tree ID - ISA Cert. Arborist - Read-Only - Compatibility Modectufc.org/.../Tree-ID-ISA-Cert.-Arborist-Courtney... · 4/18/2019 · /HDI W\SH VLPSOH RU FRPSRXQG /HDI PDUJLQV DSLFHV](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052011/60276c89a71f70182614b57a/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
River birchBetula nigra
![Page 63: Tree ID - ISA Cert. Arborist - Read-Only - Compatibility Modectufc.org/.../Tree-ID-ISA-Cert.-Arborist-Courtney... · 4/18/2019 · /HDI W\SH VLPSOH RU FRPSRXQG /HDI PDUJLQV DSLFHV](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052011/60276c89a71f70182614b57a/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
GinkgoGinkgo biloba
![Page 64: Tree ID - ISA Cert. Arborist - Read-Only - Compatibility Modectufc.org/.../Tree-ID-ISA-Cert.-Arborist-Courtney... · 4/18/2019 · /HDI W\SH VLPSOH RU FRPSRXQG /HDI PDUJLQV DSLFHV](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052011/60276c89a71f70182614b57a/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Golden raintreeKoelreuteria paniculata
![Page 65: Tree ID - ISA Cert. Arborist - Read-Only - Compatibility Modectufc.org/.../Tree-ID-ISA-Cert.-Arborist-Courtney... · 4/18/2019 · /HDI W\SH VLPSOH RU FRPSRXQG /HDI PDUJLQV DSLFHV](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052011/60276c89a71f70182614b57a/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
HoneylocustGleditsia triacanthos
![Page 66: Tree ID - ISA Cert. Arborist - Read-Only - Compatibility Modectufc.org/.../Tree-ID-ISA-Cert.-Arborist-Courtney... · 4/18/2019 · /HDI W\SH VLPSOH RU FRPSRXQG /HDI PDUJLQV DSLFHV](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052011/60276c89a71f70182614b57a/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Boxelder mapleAcer negundo
Opposite Branching
![Page 67: Tree ID - ISA Cert. Arborist - Read-Only - Compatibility Modectufc.org/.../Tree-ID-ISA-Cert.-Arborist-Courtney... · 4/18/2019 · /HDI W\SH VLPSOH RU FRPSRXQG /HDI PDUJLQV DSLFHV](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052011/60276c89a71f70182614b57a/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Red mapleAcer rubrum
Opposite
![Page 68: Tree ID - ISA Cert. Arborist - Read-Only - Compatibility Modectufc.org/.../Tree-ID-ISA-Cert.-Arborist-Courtney... · 4/18/2019 · /HDI W\SH VLPSOH RU FRPSRXQG /HDI PDUJLQV DSLFHV](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052011/60276c89a71f70182614b57a/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Silver mapleAcer saccharinum
Opposite
![Page 69: Tree ID - ISA Cert. Arborist - Read-Only - Compatibility Modectufc.org/.../Tree-ID-ISA-Cert.-Arborist-Courtney... · 4/18/2019 · /HDI W\SH VLPSOH RU FRPSRXQG /HDI PDUJLQV DSLFHV](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052011/60276c89a71f70182614b57a/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Western soapberrySapindus saponaria var. drummondii