Trends in the French National Trends in the French National Research Policy Research Policy

Elisabeth GiacobinoDirector for ResearchMinistry of Education, Higher Education and

Research

Civil Budget for R&D (BCRD)Civil Budget for R&D (BCRD)

2005 : about 9.3 billion Euros

Most of the budget for R&D is managed by operators :

Research organisations (EPST and EPIC)Universities and higher education

establishments

The Ministry distributes about 4% of the BCRD directly by means of specific calls

Research Research organisationsorganisationsThree types of research organisations :

EPST are ruled by public accounting laws and employ government

employees (mostly permanent, some post-docs and temporary

positions) : CNRS, INSERM, INRA, …

EPIC use private accounting regulations and employ people under

private labour laws: CEA, CNES,.

Foundations: funded by donations and public funds : Institut

Pasteur, Institut Curie

All of them may get private funding through contracts

Higher Education EstablishmentsHigher Education Establishments

160 higher education establishments, among which 86

Universities; the others are engineering or business schools Universities employ professors (with ranks from « maître de

conférence » to full professor) who are government employees, together with a few non permanent assistant professors and invited professors.

Universities and some of the high schools are funded for their research through specific 4-year contracts with the Ministry.

It must be noted that many laboratories in the Universities are also associated with CNRS or another research organisation

EPST (hors CNRS),EPIC (hors CNES

et CEA), Fondations (hors ANRS) :

20,61 %

CNRS :23,75 %

CNES :14,78 %

CEA :10,51 % Administration de

la Rechercheet recherche

universitaire* :5,82 % Formation à

et par la recherche :3,20 %

Actions d'incitation,d'information

et de communication(dont FRT, FNS)

et ANRS :3,35 %

Autres ministères(dont recherche

industrielle, programmes aéronautiques civils,

IRSN, ANVAR, Organisations

internationales, etc...) :17,98 %

2 100,086

1 823,594

1 307,523

929,996

515,276282,395 296,471

1 590,654

Civil Budget for R&D (BCRD)Civil Budget for R&D (BCRD) break-down break-down

Public budget for R&D (BCRD) breakdownPublic budget for R&D (BCRD) breakdown9.3 billion euros9.3 billion euros

16%

10%

8%

8%25%

10%

9%

2 %

11%1% Espace

Environnement

Energie

Transports, AéronautiqueSciences du vivant

Sciences et Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication

Sciences Humaines et de la Société

Développement

Mathématiques, PhysiqueNon Ventilé

BCRD includes salaries of researchers, but not of professors

R&D investments in Europe and R&D investments in Europe and the USAthe USA

The proportion of gross national product allocated to R&D is smaller in the UE (1,94 %) than in the USA (2,8 %) and in Japan (2,98 %)

The 3% objective is still far

(Lisbonne 2000, Barcelone 2002)Source : Third European Report on S&T Indicators, 2003

Public funding for R&DPublic funding for R&D

Public funding for R&D, including Defence related R&D is lower in Europe than in the USA.

However the civil R&D budget is higher in the UE (0,65%) than in the USA (0,43 %).

2005 Priorities of French research2005 Priorities of French research

Bio-medical research and biotechnologies

Information and communication technologies

Nanotechnologies and nanosciences

Energy, environment, sustainable development

Starting in 2005:Starting in 2005:Agence Nationale de la RechercheAgence Nationale de la Recherche

ANRANR

Aim : to develop high level research and training and technology transfer

700M€ on 3-year projects (350M€ for the first year)

Basic research and technological research in partnership with private enterprises

partnership with regional and local governments

ANRANR

bio-medical research, information technology, environment and energy, nanotechnologies

setting up new high technology start-ups human and social sciencesyoung researcher’s programhigh level professorships“white” programme

Increase attractivity for young Increase attractivity for young researchersresearchers

salary increase for research fellows and better social status (insurance, pension)

more post-doctoral positionsincentives for return of French nationals and

for immigration of high level foreign researchers

bonuses for researchers linked to patents and contracts

Develop private non-profit Develop private non-profit organisations and foundations: organisations and foundations: new tax law for donors (more tax reduction)tax reduction for foundationsnew statutes for foundations

– easier to create– initial capital suppressed– consumable capital

aim : increase the number of foundations, presently mainly aimed to bio-medical research (Pasteur, Curie, Gustave Roussy)

Develop research with private Develop research with private enterprisesenterprises

increase of tax refund for researchimplementation of “innovation plan”

– new status for young and innovative enterprises– new regulations for business angels (tax relief)

new measures to increase public-private partnership (Ph.D. fellowships, bonuses, tax deductions)

Next:Next:a new law for researcha new law for research

A national research council (ANR)An agency for industrial innovation (AII)Poles of higher education and research (PRES)New organization for evaluationNew measures to increase public-private partnership

(specific institutes)New measures for private research (tax deductions)

1 billion euros more each year for research (for 5 years)

Establishing new poles Establishing new poles

Regional poles with international visibility based on

universitiesresearch organisationsregional and local governments

in order to develop high level research and training and technology transfer

France in the ERA France in the ERA

Strong involvement in FP6Overall support to proposed measures in FP7

collaborative research and centres of excellence, Joint Technological Initiatives, Marie Curie programme, ERC, Research Infrastructures, coordination of national research programmes

Participation in FP6 (June 2004)Participation in FP6 (June 2004)

La France, en troisième position

France : participation and success rate in FP6France : participation and success rate in FP6

Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attention