trends related to fertility and fecundity. population trends changes in fertility have has a...
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Trends Related to Trends Related to Fertility and FecundityFertility and Fecundity
Population TrendsPopulation Trends Changes in fertility have
has a profound effect on our world
Overpopulation can result in starvation and a drain on our natural resources
It took until the 1830s for the world to hit the one billion mark in population
In the last 175 years the earth’s population has grown more than five times that number!
World Population World Population TrendsTrends
The Developed World is defined by the United Nations as North America, Europe, Japan, Australia and New Zealand
The Developing World is everyone else.
Example?
The Developed World Surprisingly,
demographers are now dealing with a falling population rate
Women in the developed world are having fewer children which causes a major problem for us – Do you know what it is?
There are fewer and fewer people to pay for the aging population as they start to retire
This generation has higher health costs because there is a greater number of them
The Developing World 95% of the world’s
population growth is happening in the developing world
Half of the people in these countries are under 15 years of age
They have little access to health care and education
Do you know the name of these people?
The Masai
Fertility and FecundityFertility and Fecundity
• Fertility refers to actual reproduction
• Fecundity refers to the ABILITY to reproduce
• It is interesting to note that even in the developing world, the fertility rate is falling
Involuntary Involuntary ChildlessnessChildlessness
Many cultures believe that a marriage is not complete without children – In fact, if after a period of time you do not reproduce people will start to wonder what is wrong.
In some cultures they may even divorce eg. In Israel, a marriage that lasts for 10 years without producing a child is viewed as grounds for divorce
Why do you think the birth of children is so important to some cultures?
Voluntary ChildlessnessVoluntary Childlessness
Voluntary Childlessness is when couples actively decide not to have children.
Women who remain childless are often stereotyped
Categories that Define the Categories that Define the Reasons Women Remain Reasons Women Remain
ChildlessChildless Hedonists – Women who choose to remain
childless to preserve their standard of living and who are unwilling to invest the time in raising children
Emotional – Women who do not have an emotional draw toward babies or children
Idealistic – Women who do not want to bring a child into a world they feel is unsuitable
Practical – Women who have a practical reason for being childless such as not wanting to pass on a genetic defect to their child
The Impact of Current The Impact of Current Birth Patterns in Birth Patterns in
CanadaCanadaThe Economy! There will be more jobs for
young workers as approximately 25% of the workforce retires
Labour shortages could even occur
Canada is increasingly depending on immigration to replace these workers as the birth rate falls from 1.54 to 1.48 in the next five years (prediction)
Job shortages will likely be seen in areas such as education, health care, government, forestry etc.
The Canadian Pension The Canadian Pension PlanPlan
Because of the falling birthrate and the high number of retiring and aging Canadians, the government had to make changes to the CPP
These changes will see the younger generation pay higher premiums to support the aging generation before them
This increase will see payments jump from around $945/year to around $1635 – this total is matched by the employers.
The Impact on Health The Impact on Health CareCare
The biggest strain on the Provincial Government’s budget is Health Care
The largest portion of the Government’s budget goes to health care for the elderly
The average age of those entering long term care facilities is 85 years old and the number of these people is expected to quadruple by the year 2028
Many worry the money to pay for these people will take money away from other areas where it is needed as well