Chilled Beam Design Guide

Trox USA, Inc. 926 Curie Drive Alpharetta Georgia USA 30005

Telephone 770-569-1433 Facsimile 770-569-1435 www.troxusa.com e-mail trox@troxusa.com

Preliminary - not for distribution

2

CONTENTS

Introduction to Chilled Beams 3

Passive chilled beams 3 Active chilled beams 5

System Application Guidelines 9 Benefits of chilled beams 9 Chilled beam applications 10

System Design Guidelines 12 Comfort considerations 12 Air side design considerations 12 Water side design considerations 17 Control considerations 19 Installation and commissioning 22

Chilled Beam Selection 25 Passive beams performance 25 Passive beam selection 25 Passive beam selection examples 25 Active beam selection 30 Active beam performance 32 Active beam selection examples 33

Chilled Beam Specifications 37 TCB passive chilled beams 37 DID300U active chilled beams 38 DID600U active chilled beams 40 DID300BU active chilled beams 42 DID600U active chilled beams 44

Passive Beam Performance Data 27

TCB-1 passive chilled beams 27 TCB-2 passive chilled beams 28 TCB correction factors 29

Active Beam Performance Data 45 Cooling capacity data

DID300U (2 pipe) 46 DID300U (4 pipe) 47 DID600U (4 pipe) 51 DID300BU (2 or 4 pipe) 54 DID600BU (2 or 4 pipe) 57 Heating capacity data DID300U (4 pipe) 48 DID600U (4 pipe) 52 DID300BU (4 pipe) 55 DID600BU (4 pipe) 58

Room air velocity prediction 16

Water flow rate determination 49

Water pressure loss determination DID300U 50 DID600U 53 DID300BU 56 DID600BU 59

Contents

3

Introduction

Chilled beams have been employed in European HVAC sensible cooling only applications for over twenty years. Within the past few years they have become a popular alternative to VAV systems in North America. The growing interest in chilled beams has been fueled by their energy saving potential, ease of use as well as their minimal space requirements. Chilled beams were originally developed to supersede the outputs achieved by passive radiant cooling ceiling systems. Sensible cooling capacities of ―chilled‖ ceilings are limited by the chilled water supply temperature (must be maintained above dew point to prevent condensation from forming on their surfaces) and the total surface area available that can be ‗chilled‘. Obviously, this area is limited as other services (lighting, fire protection, air distribution & extract etc.) limit the degree of employment of the active ceiling surface such that their maximum space sensible cooling capacity is very typically less than 25 BTUH per square foot of floor area. As this is not sufficient for maintaining comfort especially in perimeter areas, chilled beams very quickly became the preferred solution in so much as they occupied less space, had fewer connection and most importantly offered sensible cooling outputs 2 to 3 times that of ‗chilled‘ ceilings.

INTRODUCTION TO CHILLED BEAMS

Chilled beams feature finned chilled water heat exchanger cooling coils, capable of providing 200 to 900 BTUH of sensible cooling per foot of length and are designed to take advantage of the significantly higher cooling efficiencies of water. Figure 1 illustrates that a one inch diameter water pipe can transport the same cooling energy as an 18 inch square air duct. The use of chilled beams can thus dramatically reduce air handler and ductwork sizes enabling more efficient use of both horizontal and vertical building space.

There are two basic types of chilled beams (see figure 2). Passive chilled beams are simply finned tube heat exchanger coil within a casing that provides primarily convective cooling to the space. Passive beams do not incorporate fans or any other components (ductwork, nozzles, etc.) to affect air movement. Instead they rely on natural buoyancy to recirculate air from the conditioned space and therefore needs a high free area passage to allow room air to get above the coil and cooled air to be discharge from below the coil. As they have no provisions for supplying primary air to the space, a separate source must provide space ventilation and/or humidity control, very typically combined with, but not limited to, UFAD. The air source commonly contributes to the sensible cooling of the space as well as controlling the space latent gains.

Active chilled beams utilize a ducted (primary) air supply to induce secondary (room) air across their integral heat transfer coil where it is reconditioned prior to its mixing with the primary air stream and subsequent discharge into the space. The primary air supply is typically pretreated to maintain ventilation and humidity control of the space and usually contributes to the

Figure 1: Cooling Energy Transport Economies of Air and Water

Figure 2: Basic Beam Types

18― x 18― Air Duct

1― diameter Water Pipe

Passive Chilled Beam(Exposed Beam Shown)

Active Chilled Beam

4

Passive Chilled Beams

provides sensible cooling, it is not used to condense or provide latent cooling. Further discussion of the performance, capacities and design considerations for each type of beam is provided in the following sections of this document. PASSIVE CHILLED BEAMS Passive chilled beams are completely decoupled from the space air supply and only intended remove sensible heat from the space. They operate most efficiently when used in thermally stratified spaces. Figure 3 illustrates the operational principle of a passive beam. Warm air plumes from heat sources rise naturally and create a warm air pool in the upper portion of the space (or ceiling cavity). As this air contacts the coil surface, the heat is removed which causes it to drop back into the space due to its negative buoyancy relative to the air surrounding it. The heat is absorbed lifting the chilled water temperature and is removed from the space via the return water circuit. About 85% of the heat removal is by convective means, therefore the radiant cooling contribution of passive chilled beams is minimal and typically ignored.

Passive chilled beams are capable of removing 200 to 650 BTUH of sensible heat per linear foot of length depending upon their width and the temperature difference between their entering air and chilled water mean temperature. The output of the chilled beam is usually limited to ensure that the velocity of the air dropping out of the beam face and back into the occupied zone does not exceed comfort levels It should also be noted that the air descending out of a passive beam ‗necks‘ rather like slow running water out of a faucet . This slow discharge can be effected by other air currents around it and should another passive beams be installed side by side, the two airstreams will

join and combine giving a much higher velocity back into the occupied space, Air discharged across he face of the beam should be avoided as this can reduce the coiling output of the beam as it inhibits the passage of warm air above the heat exchanger coil. Passive Chilled Beam Variations Passive chilled beams may be located above or below the ceiling plane and do not include the ceiling tile or any perforated face covering. When used with a suspended ceiling system recessed beams, TROX TCB-RB, are located a few inches above the ceiling and finished to minimize their visibility from below. Figure 4 illustrates such a recessed beam application.

Recessed beams should also include a separation skirt (TCB-RB-Skirt) which assures that the cooled air does not short circuit back to the warm air stream feeding the beam, this skirt also increases the draw effect of the beam casing increasing output.

Recessed beams (TROX series TCB) may be either uncapped (standard) or capped (more commonly known as shrouded) (see figure 5). Capped or shrouded beams have a sheet metal casing which maintains separation between the beam and the ceiling air cavity which is often used for the space return air passage. The use of this casing assures that the

Figure 3: Passive Beam Operation Figure 4: Recessed Beam Installation

5

Active Chilled Beams

same as that within the space it services. This provides acoustical separation between adjacent spaces.

Passive beams mounted flush with or below the ceiling surface are referred to as exposed beams. Most exposed beams (e.g., TROX TCB-EB and PKV series) are furnished within cabinets designed to enhance the aesthetics and architectural features of the space as well as assure the necessary air passages for the beam.

TROX Passive Chilled Beams TROX USA offers 2 ranges of passive chilled beam as the core engine behind the variants. Only metric versions of the leaflets currently exist, however, the TCB selection software is in imperial, which can be downloaded from www.troxusa.com

TCBU series beams (leaflet To be advised) offers the full range of 1 & 2 row TCB, TCB- RB, TCB-RB-Skirt, TCB-RB-AIR & TCB-RB-SHROUD passive beams

PKVU series beams (leaflet 2/24/EN/1) are 1 row

passive beams with and without exposed cabinets.

MSCB series beams, see Multi-Service Chilled

Beams & Design Bureau brochures on the web page. MSCB‘s are custom built and therefore these are representative of the types of finished beams that can be supplied.

Figure 6 illustrates an exposed passive beam in whose cabinet other space services (lighting, smoke and occupancy detectors, etc.) have been integrated. Such integrated beams are referred to as integrated or multi-service chilled beams (MSCB). As with recessed beams, it is generally recommended that the cross sectional free area of the passage into an exposed chilled beam be equal to at least one its width.

ACTIVE CHILLED BEAMS In addition to chilled water coil(s), active chilled beams incorporate ducted air connections to receive pretreated supply air from a central air handling unit. This air is injected through a series of nozzles within the beam to entrain room air. Figure 7 illustrates an active beam that induces room air through a high free area section within its face and through the integral heat transfer coil where it is reconditioned in response to a space thermostat demand. The reconditioned air then mixes with the ducted (primary) air and is discharged into the space by means of linear slots located along the outside edge of the beam.

Active beams mounted above the occupied zone maintain a sufficient discharge velocity to maintain a fully mixed room air distribution. As such, they employ a dilution ventilation strategy to manage the level of airborne gaseous and particulate contaminants. Certain variants of active beams (see discussion of variants below) may be mounted in low sidewall or floor level discharge applications. In these cases, displacement

Figure 5: Capped Passive Beam

Figure 6: Exposed Beam Installation

Figure 7: Active Chilled Beam Operation

Separation Skirt

Primary air

supply

Suspended

ceiling

6

Active Chilled Beams

ventilation and conditioning will be used to produce a thermally stratified room environment. Active chilled beams usually operate with a constant air volume flow rate, producing a variable temperature discharge to the space determined by how much heat is extracted from the recirculated air by the chilled water circuit. As the water circuit can generally extract 50 to 70% of the space sensible heat generation, the required supply airflow can usually be reduced proportionally, resulting in drastically reduced air handling units as well as proportionally smaller supply (and exhaust/return) ductwork and risers. Active chilled beams can provide sensible cooling rates as high as 900 BTUH per linear foot, depending on their induction capabilities, coil circuitry, and chilled water supply temperature. Later in this guide, you will see that careful selection of the beam must be made to ensure that high terminal velocities are avoided to maintain comfort., a beam is not just a method of providing cooling, but also a terminal discharge device that has to be selected to suit the location, the space and how the space is being utilized. Active chilled beams can be used for heating as well, provided the façade heat losses are relatively low. Active Chilled Beam Variations Active chilled beams come in a number of lengths and widths allowing their use in exposed mounting or integration into suspended acoustical ceilings systems, although their weight requires they be independently supported. They can be furnished with a variety of nozzle types that affect the induction rate of room air. Their discharge pattern can be supplied as either one or two way while some active beams allow modification of their discharge characteristics once installed. Finally, some variants are available with condensate trays designed to collect a limited amount of unexpected condensation. Like their passive counterparts, ceiling mounted active beams can be configured to be supplied as Multi-Service beams (MSCB). TROX Active Chilled Beams TROX USA offers a complete line of linear ceiling mounted active chilled beams as illustrated in figure 8:

• DID600BU series beams (leaflet T2.4/3/US/1) are a low profile beam designed to allow their integration into standard 24 (nominal) inch wide acoustical ceiling grids. They are ideal for applications that have limited ceiling plenum voids.

• DID300BU series beams (leaflet T2.4/2/US/1)

are low profile beam whose face width is 12 (nominal) inches. They are also ideal for applications that have limited ceiling plenum voids.

• DID600U series beams (leaflet 2/19.2/US/1)

are also designed to allow their integration into standard 24 (nominal) inch wide acoustical ceiling grids. Though slightly taller than the DID600BU, their construction allows easy modif icat ion to specif ic customer requirements.

• DID300U series beams (leaflet 2/19/US/1)

have a nominal face width of 12 inches and utilize two vertical chilled water coils. As such they can be furnished with condensate trays to catch any moisture that might have unexpectedly formed on the coil surfaces during periods of unusual operation.

7

Active Chilled Beams

DID600U

DID600BU

DID300U

Figure 8: TROX Ceiling Mounted Active Chilled Beams

DID300BU

8

Active Chilled Beams

TROX offers other air-water products (illustrated in figure 9) that are designed for specific applications.

• DID-R series beams feature a round race and

coil and for either surface mounting or integration into an acoustical ceiling tile.

• DID-E series beams (leaflet 1/7.2/EN/1) are

designed for high sidewall mounting in hotels and other domiciliary applications.

• QLCI series beams (product leaflet

1/7.2/US/1) are integrated into low sidewall mounted cabinets and to discharge conditioned air to the space in a displacement

fashion. They are most commonly used for classroom HVAC as they offer significant air quality and acoustical advantages. In fact, they are the only available terminal capable of maintaining classroom sound pressure levels compliant with ANSI Standard S12.60.

• TROX BID series beams (product leaflet

T2.4/9/EN/1) condition perimeter areas in UFAD applications. Conditioned air is delivered by a dedicated perimeter area air handling unit. This relieves the UFAD system of the responsibility of providing sensible cooling to the perimeter zones, resulting in substantially reduced airflow requirements.

BID

DID-E

QLCI DID-R

Figure 9: Other TROX Air-Water Products

9

Benefits of Chilled Beams

CHILLED BEAM SYSTEM APPLICATION GUIDELINES Chilled beams (both passive and active) posses certain inherent advantages over all-air systems. These benefits can be divided into the three categories as follows: First cost benefits of chilled beam systems Chilled beams afford the designer an opportunity to replace large supply and return air ductwork with small chilled water pipes. This results in significant savings in terms of plenum space and increases usable floor space.

• Chilled beams can be mounted in ceiling spaces as small as 8 to 10 (vertical) inches while all-air systems typically require to 2 to 2.5 times that. This vertical space savings can be used to either increase the space ceiling height or reduce the slab spacing and thus the overall building height requirements.

• The low plenum depth requirements of chilled

beam systems make them ideal choices for retrofit of buildings that have previously used sidewall mounted unitary equipment such as induction units, vertical fan coils and other unitary terminals.

• Chilled beams contribute to horizontal space

savings as their significantly lower supply airflow rates result in smaller ductwork as well as supply and return/exhaust air risers. The capacity of the air handling units providing conditioned air to the chilled beam system is also reduced, resulting in considerably smaller equipment room foot prints.

• LEEDTM also requires that certified buildings

be purged for a period of time before occupancy in order to remove airborne contaminants caused by the construction process. The significantly reduced airflow requirement of chilled beam systems simplifies this and reduces the fan energy required to accomplish this task.

Operational cost benefits of chilled beam systems The energy costs of operating chilled beam systems are usually considerably less than that of an all-air system. This is largely due to the following:

• Reduced supply air flow rates result in lower

fan energy consumption.

• Operational efficiencies of pumps are intrinsically higher than fans, leading to lower cooling and heating energy transport costs.

• The higher chilled water temperatures used by

chilled beams allow chiller efficiencies to be increased by as much as 35%.

• Chilled beam systems offer water side

economizer opportunities that are especially attractive in mild climates. Unlike the case with air side economizers, these free cooling opportunities are not as restrictive in climates that are also humid.

• Maintenance costs are considerably lower

than all-air systems. Chilled beams do not incorporate any moving parts (fans, motors, damper actuators, etc.) or complicated control devices. Most chilled beams do not require filters (and thus regular filter changes) or condensate trays. As their coils operate ‗dry‘, regular cleaning and disinfection of condensate trays is not necessary. Normal maintenance history suggests that the coils be vacuumed every five years (more frequently in applications such as hospital patient rooms where linens are regularly changed). Figure 10 compares the lifetime maintenance and replacement costs for active chilled beams to fan coil units (FCU), based on an expected FCU lifetime of 20 years. It assumes that a) each beam or FCU serves a perimeter floor area of 150 square feet.

Active Chilled

BeamFan Coil Unit

Filter Changes:

NAFrequency: Twice Yearly

Cost per Change: $30.00

$0.00Cost over Lifetime (20 Years): $1,200.00

Clean Coil and Condensate System:

Every four YearsFrequency: Twice Yearly

$30.00Cost per Event: $30.00

$150.00Cost Over Lifetime: $1,200.00

Fan Motor Replacement:

NAFrequency: Once during life

Cost per Event: $400.00

$0.00Cost Over Lifetime: $400.00

$150.00Life Cycle (20 years) maintenance cost: $2,800.00

Source: REHVA Chilled Beam Application Guidebook (2004)

Figure 10: Life Cycle Maintenance Costs Active Chilled Beams versus Fan Coils

10

Applications

Comfort and IAQ benefits of chilled beam systems Properly designed chilled beam systems generally result in enhanced thermal comfort and indoor air quality compared to all-air systems.

• Active chilled beams generally deliver a constant air volume flow rate to the room. As such, the variations in room air motion and cold air dumping that is inherent to variable volume all-air systems is eliminated. Instead, slightly warmer air is supplied at a constant volume flow rate maintaining a high degree of room air entrainment leading to higher occupant thermal comfort levels.

• The constant air volume delivery of primary air

to the active chilled beam helps assure that the design space ventilation rates and relative humidity levels are closely maintained.

Chilled beam application criteria Although the advantages of using chilled beams are numerous, there are restrictions and qualifications that should be considered when determining their suitability to a specific application. Chilled beams are suitable for use where the following conditions exist:

• Mounting less than 20 feet. Ceiling heights may be greater, but the beam should not be more than 20 feet above the floor.

• The tightness of the building envelope is

adequate to prevent excessive moisture transfer. Space moisture gains due to occupancy and/or processes are moderate.

• Space humidity levels can be consistently

maintained such that the space dew point temperature remains below the temperature of the chilled water supply.

• Passive beams should not be used in areas

where considerable or widely variable air velocities are expected.

• Passive beams should only be considered

when an adequate entry and discharge area can be assured.

• Passive Chilled beams can not be used to

heat. Applications best served by chilled beams Chilled beams are ideal for applications with high space sensible cooling loads, relative to the space ventilation a

and latent cooling requirements. These applications include, but are not limited to:

1) Brokerage trading areas

Trading areas consists of desks where a single trader typically has access to multiple computer terminals and monitors. This high equipment density results in space sensible cooling requirements six to eight times that of a conventional interior spaces while the ventilation and latent cooling requirements are essentially the same. Active chilled beams remove 60 to 70% of the sensible heat by means of their water circuit, reducing the ducted airflow requirement proportionally.

2) Broadcast and recording studios

Broadcast and recording studios typically have high sensible heat ratios due to their large electronic equipment and lighting loads. In addition, space acoustics and room air velocity control are critical in these spaces. Passive chilled beams are silent and capable of removing large amounts of sensible heat, enabling the use of a low velocity supply air discharge.

3) Heat driven laboratory spaces

Designers often classify laboratories according to their required supply airflow rate. In laboratories that are densely populated by fume hoods, the make up air requirement is typically 12 air changes per hour or more. These laboratory spaces are classified as air driven. Laboratories whose make up air requirement is less than that are typically considered heat driven. This category includes most biological, pharmaceutical, electronic and forensic laboratories. The ventilation re-quirement in these laboratories is commonly 6 air changes per hour, however, the processes and equipment in the laboratory can often result in sensible heat gains that require 18 to 22 air changes with an all-air system. To make matters worse, recirculation of air exhausted from these laboratories is not allowed if their activities involve the use of gases or chemicals. Active chilled beams remove the majority (60 to 70%) of the sensible heat by means of their chilled water coil, enabling ducted airflow rates to be reduced accordingly. Not only is the space more efficiently conditioned, but the ventilation (cooing and heating) load at the air

11

Applications

handler is substantially reduced as far less outdoor air is required.

4) High outdoor air percentage applications Applications such as patient rooms in hospitals

typically demand higher ventilation rates as well as accurate control of those rates. Chilled beam systems are ideal for these applications as their hydronic sensible cooling regulates the space temperature while allowing a constant volume delivery of supply and ventilation air to the space. Displacement chilled beams such as the ‗TROX QLCI‘ also offer opportunities for improved contaminant removal efficiencies, reducing the likelihood of communicable diseases spreading to health care staff members.

5) Perimeter treatment for UFAD systems As cool airflow passes through the open floor

plenum in UFAD systems, it picks up heat that is transferred through the structural slab from the return plenum of the floor below. The amount of heat transfer that is likely to occur is very hard to predict as many factors influence it. However, the resultant temperature rise in the conditioned air can often lead to discharge temperatures 4 to 5˚F higher than those encountered in interior zones nearer the point of entry into the supply air plenum. Such higher temperatures contribute to perimeter zone airflow requirements that are typically 35 to 40% higher than that of conventional (ducted) all-air systems.

Passive chilled beams such as the TROX TCB

series provide effective and reliable cooling of perimeter spaces in UFAD applications. Figure 11 illustrates such an application where the passive beam is mounted above the acoustical ceiling and adjacent to the blind box above an exterior window. Floor diffusers fed directly from the pressurized supply plenum continue to provide space ventilation and humidity control. Heating cannot be effectively accomplished by passive beams, so an underfloor finned tube heating system or radiant panel heating system typically compliments the chilled beams.

Use of passive beams for perimeter area

sensible cooling can reduce overall supply airflow rates in UFAD systems by as much as 50%. This also results in a) smaller air handling units and ductwork, smaller supply and return air risers, c) reduced maintenance a

requirements and occupier disruption, d) improved space acoustics and air quality.

Chilled beams are also an excellent choice where the vertical height of the ceiling cavity is limited. These in-clude applications involving:

1) Building height restrictions Building codes may restrict the overall height

of buildings in certain locales. This commonly promotes the use of tighter slab spacing which reduces the depth of the ceiling cavity. Passive chilled beams can often be fit between structural beams in these applications. Active chilled beam systems can easily be designed to require 10 inches or less clearance when integrated into the ceiling grid system.

2) Raised access floor applications Although more and more applications involving

raised access flooring systems integrate an underfloor air distribution system, many do not. The vertical space requirement for the access floor system is often accommodated by a

Finned Tube

Heating Coil

Passive

Chilled Beam

Return Air

Grille

Swirl Type

Floor Diffuser

Blind Box

Figure 11: Passive Chilled Beams for Perimeter Treatment in a UFAD System

12

Comfort Considerations

reducing the depth of the ceiling cavity. Chilled beam systems allow such reductions without compromising the air distribution design.

4) Retrofits involving reduced slab spacing Many buildings that are candidates for HVAC

system retrofits utilize packaged terminal units (induction units, vertical fan coil units, etc.) that are installed below the ceiling level. As such, many of these structures have ceiling cavities with limited depth. Chilled beams are ideal for such retrofits.

CHILLED BEAM SYSTEM DESIGN GUIDELINES The HVAC system is responsible for three important tasks that help assure occupant comfort and a healthy indoor environment:

1) Removal of the space sensible heat gains. 2) Delivery of a prescribed volume flow rate of

outdoor air to properly ventilate the space. 3) Sufficient dehumidification to offset the space

latent heat gains. As the water circuit in chilled beams is designed only to assist in achieving the sensible cooling objective, the air supply to the space must be properly maintained to accomplish the ventilation and dehumidification goals. In order to achieve efficient chilled beam system operation, certain considerations should be factored into the development of the system design and operational objectives. The following sections identify and briefly discuss such considerations that apply to the design, selection and specification of the equipment that supplies and controls the chilled beams.

• General design objectives. • Air-side design goals and considerations. • Water-side design goals and considerations. • Control and operational considerations.

The following sections discuss design decisions that affect the sizing and selection of the air and water system equipment and accessories. Designing for occupant thermal comfort The maintenance of a high level of occupant thermal comfort is the primary objective of most chilled beam applications. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-2004 Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy 2 identifies key factors that contribute to thermal comfort and defines environmental conditions that are likely to produce such. The Standard generally states that a

during cooling operation, the space (operative) dry bulb temperature should be maintained between 68 and 77˚F and the space dew point temperature should not exceed 60.5˚F. If the space operative temperature is 75˚F, this maximum dew point temperature corresponds to a relative humidity of 60%. The Standard also defines the occupied zone as the portion of the bounded by the floor and the head level of the predominant stationary space occupants (42 inches if seated, 72‖ if standing) and no closer than 3 feet from outside walls/windows or 1 foot from internal walls. It is generally accepted that velocities within the occupied zone should not exceed 50 to 70 feet per minute. Designing for acceptable space acoustical levels The space acoustical requirements are usually dictated by its intended use. The 2007 ASHRAE Handbook (Applications)3 prescribes design guidance (including recommended space acoustical levels) for various types of facilities and their use.

AIR SIDE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS Room and primary air design considerations When chilled beam systems are being contemplated, the relationship between the room design conditions and the primary air requirements should be closely evaluated. As previously stated, the chilled water circuit within chilled beams is capable of considerably higher sensible heat removal efficiencies than does conditioned air supplied to the space. As such, it is advantageous to remove as much sensible heat as possible by means of the chilled water circuit. In theory, this practice would allow the supply airflow rate to the space to be reduced significantly and result in both energy savings and reduced HVAC service space requirements. However, the airflow supply to the space is often also the sole source of space ventilation and dehumidification so consideration of these functions is imperative in the design of chilled beam systems. The primary (conditioned) airflow rate to the beam must be sufficient to provide space humidity control, ventilation and supplement the chilled water circuit in satisfying the space sensible heat gains. The space primary airflow rate must, thus be the maximum of that needed to accomplish each of those individual tasks. Space ventilation requirements are usually based on the number of space occupants and the floor area in which they reside. ASHRAE Standard 62-2004 provides guidance in the calculation of these requirements. Some spaces (laboratories, healthcare facilities, etc.) may require higher ventilation rates due a

13

Airside Design Consideration

to the processes they support. Identification of the required space ventilation rate should be the first step in the design process. In order to maintain specified room humidity levels, the primary airflow must remove moisture (latent) heat at the rate at which it is generated. The supply airflow rate required to do this is determined by the equation: CFMLATENT = qLATENT / 4840 x HROOM - HSUPPLY where, qLATENT is the space latent heat gain and HROOM and HSUPPLY is the humidity ratio (LBS H2O per LB Dry Air) of the room and supply air, respectively. When chilled beam systems are used, the chilled water extraction of space sensible heat allows reduction of design supply airflow rates by 50 to 60% over conventional all-air systems. Reductions of this magnitude may, however, compromise space ventilation and dehumidification. When chilled beams are used in applications where a) the design outdoor dew point temperature is above 50˚F and b) preconditioning the outdoor air to a dew point temperature below that (50˚F) is not feasible, careful consideration should be given to the determination of design room air humidity levels. Chilled beams used in humid environments require that building infiltration rates be minimized. As such, the maintenance of acceptable room humidity conditions is generally most critical in interior spaces where the sensible loads are less, and thus less primary air is generally required. Figure 12 illustrates relationships between the primary air requirement and the space design conditions for a typical interior space. This figure uses the specified room relative humidity and the primary air dew point temperature to establish a factor (FLATENT) that relates the primary airflow requirement to maintain the desired room relative humidity as a ratio of the space ventilation requirement (in this case assuming 20 CFM per person). The primary airflow rate required to accomplish the desired space ventilation and dehumidification can be calculated as: CFMLATENT = FLATENT x CFMVENT Note that maintenance of 50% relative humidity with primary air supplied at a 52˚F dew point temperature will require that the primary airflow rate to the space be some 2.3 times the space ventilation rate. If the design relative humidity of the space were 55% (well within ASHRAE recommendations), the primary airflow requirement could be halved! Alternatively, the primary air could be conditioned to a 48˚F dew point in order to maintain 50% relative humidity with a similar primary airflow rate. As the beams are usually operated with a A

constant volume flow rate of primary air, the room relative humidity levels will remain constant during occupied periods.

Perimeter airflow requirements in chilled beam systems are generally driven by space sensible heat gains, therefore, space relative humidity levels in those areas will typically remain lower than in interior spaces. Variable volume all-air systems only provide design humidity levels when operating at full flow conditions and RH levels may increase by as much as 10% when they are operating at reduced airflow. Consider a zone (see table 1) whose design conditions are 75˚F/50% RH being supplied air at a 52˚F dew point temperature by a variable air volume (VAV) system. The VAV air handling unit provides 20% outside air at its design condition, but is currently operating at 80% of its design flow. As the

Primary Air Dewpoint Termperature, ˚F

48 49 50 51 52 53 54 551.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

La

ten

t A

irflo

w F

acto

r, F

LA

TE

NT

1.5

2.5

3.5

4.5

56

Space Relative

Humidity

Optimized Design

Range

50%

51%

52%

53%

54%

55%

56%

57%

Operation at

40% of Design

Design

Operation

2,400Sensible Heat Gain, BTUH 6,000

0.62Sensible Heat Ratio 0.80

1,500Latent Heat Gain, BTUH 1,500

75Room Dry Bulb Temperature, ˚F 75

60%Room Relative Humidity, ˚F 50%

0.0110Room Air Humidity Ratio, Lbs H2O per Lb DA 0.0093

110Supply Airflow Rate, CFM 275

28Space Ventilation Rate, CFM 55

52Supply Air Dry BulbTemperature, ˚F 52

52Supply Air Dew Point, ˚F 52

0.0082Supply Air Humidity Ratio, Lbs H2O per Lb DA 0.0082

Assumes central AHU is designed to supply 20% outside air at design, but is

operating at 80% capacity, therefore outdoor air is 25% of total airflow delivery.

14

Airside Design Considerations

under this condition will be only half that at design. In addition, the amount of dehumidification accomplished by the supply air is only 40% of that at design conditions and an actual space relative humidity of 60% will result. In summary, designing for slightly higher relative humidity levels can result in significant reductions in space primary airflow requirements! Room air distribution in passive beam applications As passive beams rely only upon natural forces to recirculate the air to and from the space, it is critical that excessive restrictions in the air passages to and from the beams be avoided. As such, passive beams utilize very wide fin spacing (typically 3 to 4 fins per inch) as opposed to conventional cooling coils. Research indicates that the performance of these beams can also be significantly compromised if an adequate entry and discharge path is not maintained. It is generally recommended that the return and discharge passage of air through the ceiling perforated tile be equal to 2 times the width of the beam coil, normally split 50-50, down the long sides of the beam. Figure 13 illustrates the recommended entry and discharge area relationships for recessed passive beams mounted above a ceiling tile with a 50% free area. The free area of the perforated ceiling has a direct result on performance of the beam., as the free are decreases, the output also decreases. The minimum free area of the tile should not be lower than 28%, however, no increase in output is gained beyond 50% free area. When passive beams are mounted very near a perimeter wall or window, the required return air passage may be reduced as the warm air entering the beam has more momentum (contact TROX USA for

further application assistance). Exposed beams must also be located such that the entering air passage requirements are observed. Passive chilled beams operate most efficiently in a stratified or partially stratified room environment. As such, displacement ventilation or underfloor air distribution (UFAD) outlets with limited vertical projection (throw to a terminal velocity of 50 FPM is no more than 40% of the mounting height of the beams). For design purposes, the beam entering air temperature should be assumed 2˚F warmer than that at the control level of the room under the described installation and operating conditions. When passive beams are mounted adjacent to an outside window (and the room is thermally stratified), the momentum of the warm air rising along the perimeter surface will likely result in entering air temperatures 4 to 6˚F warmer than the room control temperature, dependent on the surface temperature of the façade. Ceiling or high sidewall outlets can be used (with a lesser heat transfer efficiency) provided their horizontal throw to 50 FPM does not extend to within four feet of the passive beam. In order to maintain a high level of thermal comfort, passive beams should be located such that the veloci-ties of the falling cool air do not cause discomfort. As a general rule, the velocity at the head level of a station-ary occupant should not exceed 50 FPM. Figure 14 illustrates typical velocities directly below passive beams as a function of the sensible cooling they provide.

Table 1: Actual Operating Conditions for a VAV System

B

W = 2.0 x B

Min. 0.33 x B

Separation Skirt

Minimum

20% Free

Area Panel

Figure 13: Entry Area Requirements for Passive Chilled Beams Figure 14: Velocities Below Passive Beams

15

Airside Design Considerations

Space temperature control in passive beam systems is accomplished by varying the amount of sensible heat removed by the chilled water. The chilled water supply to several beams within a single zone is generally controlled by a single chilled water valve. Although the zone may consist of multiple spaces, a certain degree of temperature compensation for each space will be affected by the passive beam itself. As the cooling requirement of the space is reduced, the temperature of the air entering the beam will also be reduced. This will result in less heat transfer to the water circuit and the return water temperature will be reduced. Passive chilled beams cannot be used for heating as its airflow would be reversed. They are typically applied with some type of separate heating system such as low level finned tube heaters. Radiant (ceiling or wall mounted) heating panels can also be used depending on the façade heat losses expected. Air handler and ductwork design considerations The reduction in primary airflow rates when chilled beam systems are used results in considerably reduced air handling unit (AHU) capacities and ductwork sizing. The air handling unit operational sequence is often affected by the following chilled beam attributes:

• As most of the modulation in response to space load variation is accomplished by the hydronic system, air side diversity factors and thus supply and return airflow variations are much less. This allows either DX or chilled water cooling coils to be used.

• As the AHU in chilled beam systems supplies a much higher percentage of outside air, periods of free cooling are often extended.

Thermal comfort considerations While the primary (conditioned) airflow rate for active chilled beams can be greatly reduced, their induction ratios (2 to 5 CFM of room air per CFM primary air) result in discharge airflow rates that are slightly higher than those of conventional all-air systems. As such, attention should be exercised in the beam placement to avoid drafty conditions and maximize occupant thermal comfort. Figure 15 predicts maximum occupied zone velocities for various combinations of primary airflow rates and active beam spacing. This nomograph suggests local velocities which will maintain acceptable levels of occupant comfort per ASHRAE. As the room air distribution provided by active beams is identical to that provided by ceiling slot diffusers, their selection for (total) discharge airflow rates greater than 40 CFM per linear foot of slot is a

not recommended when high levels of occupant thermal comfort are required! The vL velocities shown in figure 15 are those predicted within 40 mm (just over 1½ inches) from the window or wall surface during cooling operation. It is recommended that beams which are configured for both heating and cooling of perimeter spaces be selected such that vL (selected for cooling operation) is between 120 and 150 FPM in order to assure that the warm air is adequately projected down the perimeter surface. Velocities taken 6 inches away from the surface can be expected to be about half those values. Heating in chilled beam applications Ceiling or high sidewall mounted passive chilled beams exert no motive force on their discharge airflow, and cannot be used for overhead heating. Heating must be provided by a separate source, either the primary air supply or a separate heating system (finned tube, radiant panel, etc.). Active beams can be for heat in relatively mild climates. Hot water can either be delivered to each perimeter area beam or to a hot water heating coil in the duct supplying a number of beams within the same thermal control zone. The use of a zone hot water heating coil feeing multiple chilled beams is a generally more economic option than piping each chilled beam for heating as it may save considerable labor and piping material costs. If active chilled beams are used for heating, the following recommendations should be observed:

• Chilled beam discharge temperatures should be maintained within 15˚F of the room temperature.

• Velocities at the mid-level of outside walls and windows should be maintained within the region indicated in figure 15.

Unoccupied periods demanding heating via the chilled beams or primary air system will require that the AHU remain operational. Variable air volume operation using active beams Although usually operated as constant air volume delivery devices, active chilled beams can also be used as variable air volume (VAV) devices. VAV operation may be advantageous when space occupancy and/or ventilation demands vary widely. Recommendations for the control of chilled beams in VAV applications can be found in the control section of this document.

16

Airside Design Considerations

Distance A/2 or L (feet)

Velocity exceeds that recommended for high

occupant comfort levels.

Lo

ca

l V

elo

cit

y V

H1 , F

PM

63 4 5

H - H1 (feet)

40 FPM

30 FPM

70 FPM

60 FPM

50 FPM

80 FPM

90 FPM

100 FPM

9 10 11

Ceiling Height (H), ft.

6 8 10 12 144

60 CFM/LF

70 CFM/LF

80 CFM/LF

12

BEAM

TOTAL

AIRFLOW

RATE

ASHRAE recommended selection for perimeter

beams doing both heating and cooling.

Velocities VH1 and VL are based on a 15˚F

(cooling) temperature differential

between the room and the supply

airstream.

Type C Nozzle: QTOTAL = 3.2 x QPRIMARY

Type B Nozzle: QTOTAL = 4.2 x QPRIMARY

Type A Nozzle: QTOTAL = 5.3 x QPRIMARY

Type G Nozzle: QTOTAL = 5.3 x QPRIMARY

Type M Nozzle: QTOTAL = 6.1 x QPRIMARY

Local

Velocity VL ,

FPM

H - H1

AL

VH1VL

40 mm

0.5 QSUPPLY0.5 QSUPPLY 0.5 QSUPPLY

150 FPM

140 FPM

130 FPM

120 FPM

110 FPM

100 FPM

90 FPM

0.5 H

50 CFM/LF

40 CFM/LF

NOTES:

1) VL values in chart are measured 6" from wall. Velocites 12" from wall will be 40% lower.

2) Selection and velocity recommendations are per 2007 ASHRAE Handbook (HVAC Applications) .

Figure 15: Local Velocity Predictions for TROX Series 300U, 600U, 300BU and 600BU Active Chilled Beams

17

Water side Design Considerations

WATER SIDE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS Once the room air conditions have been established, the water side design objectives and requirements can be identified. Certain factors must be considered in arriving at the chilled water system design. The following sections discuss these. Chilled water supply source There are several possible sources of adequately conditioned chilled water for the supply of chilled beam systems. Among these are several sources discussed below:

• Return water from AHU chilled water coil • Dedicated chilled water supply system • District chilled water supply • Geothermal wells

When air handling units associated with chilled beam systems utilize chilled water evaporator coils, their return water can often be used to remove heat from the chilled beam circuit. Figure 16 illustrates a chilled water loop whose heat is extracted through a heat exchanger to the AHU return water loop. The chilled water supply is a closed loop which includes a bypass by which return water can be bypassed around the heat exchanger to maintain the desired chilled water supply temperature to the beams. Although it is possible that the AHU return water could be piped directly to the beams, it is unlikely that the AHU and the beam circuits will always demand the same chilled water flow rate. Figure 17 illustrates a chilled beam system where the beams are supplied by a dedicated chiller. The chilled water loop allows the chiller to operate at a higher efficiency due to the higher return water temperatures associated with the chilled beam system. The chiller‘s COP can often be increased by 25 to 30% by doing so. In some cases, water from district chilled water supplies or geothermal wells may replace the return water from the AHU and serve as the primary loop in the heat exchanger shown in figure 16. Chilled water supply and return temperatures The most important decision regarding the chilled water system involves the specification of a chilled water supply temperature. In order to prevent condensation from forming on the beams, the chilled water supply temperature must be sufficiently maintained. The REHVA Chilled Beam Applications Guidebook1 suggests that condensation will first occur on the supply piping entering the beam. As such, it is very important to insulate the chilled water supply piping to the beams. Reference 4 suggests that condensation will not likely form when the active chilled water supply temperature is maintained no lower than 3˚F below the room air dew a

point and at least 1˚F above the space dew point temperature in the case of passive beams. TROX USA recommends that the chilled water supply temperature for Passive chilled beams is at least 1˚F above the maximum room dew point that can be controlled to whilst active beams are kept at or above the room dew point as an operational safety margin. In general, most beams selected to date have a supply temperature 1.5˚F or more above room dew point. The return water temperature leaving chilled beams is typically 4 to 6˚F higher than the chilled water supply. As such, the chilled water return piping does not normally need to be insulated. Hot water supply and return temperatures Active chilled beams can be used for perimeter heating and cooling in mild climates. It is recommended that the hot water supply be maintained at a temperature that will result in a beam discharge temperature no more than15˚F warmer than the ambient room temperature. Water flow rates There are factors that affect the minimum and maximum water flow rates within the chilled beam system. Maximum flow rates are limited by the pressure loss within the beam. Minimum flow rates are based on the maintenance of turbulent flow to assure proper heat transfer. The following recommendations apply to the chilled water system design:

• Water head loss through the beams should be generally limited to 10 feet H2O or less.

• Pressures exceeding 10 feet H2O at the water control valve may cause noise when the valve begins opening.

• T h e 2 0 0 5 A S H R A E H a n d b o o k (Fundamentals)5 limits water flow rates in pipes that are two (2) inches in diameter or less to that which results in maximum velocities of 4 FPS.

• Chilled beam water flow rates below 0.15 GPM may result in non-turbulent flow. Selec-tion below this flow rate should not be made as the coil performance cannot be assured.

Water treatment recommendations As most of the elements within the chilled (and hot) water piping systems are typically copper or brass, it is important that the water circuit is treated to assure that there are no corrosive elements in the water. The water circuits feeding the chilled beams should also be treated with a sodium nitrite and biocide solutions to prevent bacterial growth. Glycol should not be added except where absolutely necessary as it changes the a

18

Water side Design Considerations

specific capacity of the chilled water and its effect on the chilled beam performance must be estimated and accounted for. Prior to start up and commissioning, all chilled and hot water piping should be flushed for contaminants.

T

R

To Chilled Beam Zones

Pressure

Regulator

Supply

Temperature

Controller

Chilled Water

Pump

3-way

Moduating

Valve

Return Water Bypass

Secondary (Tempered)

Chilled Water Supply to

Beams

Secondary

Chilled Water

Return

Storage

Vessel

Dedicated

Chiller

T

R

To Chilled Beam Zones

Pressure

Regulator

Supply

Temperature

Controller

Chilled Water

Pump

3-way

Moduating

Valve

Return Water Bypass

2-way Chilled

Water Valve

(one per zone)

Primary Chilled Water

Supply

Secondary (Tempered)

Chilled Water Supply to

Beams

HEAT EXCHANGER

Secondary

Chilled Water

Return

Primary Chilled Water

Return

Figure 16: Tempered Chilled Water Supply Using a Heat Exchanger

Figure 17: Beam Chilled Water Supply from a Dedicated Chiller

19

Control Strategies

CHILLED BEAM CONTROL CONSIDERATIONS This section discusses the control of both the air and the water supply in chilled beam systems. It also presents and discusses strategies for condensation prevention. Temperature control and zoning with chilled beams Room temperature control is primarily accomplished by varying the water flow rate or its supply temperature to the chilled beam coils in response to a zone thermostat signal. Modulation of the chilled water flow rate typically produces a 7 to 8˚F swing in the beam‘s supply air temperature, which affects a 2:1 to 2.5:1 turndown in the beam‘s sensible cooling rate. This is usually sufficient for the control of interior spaces (except conference areas) where sensible loads do not tend to vary significantly. If additional reduction of the space cooling is required, the primary air supply to the beam can be reduced. In any case, modulation of the chilled water flow rate or temperature should be the primary means for controlling room temperature as it has little or no effect on space ventilation and/or dehumidification. Only after the chilled water flow has been discontinued should the primary airflow rate be reduced. Thermal control zones for chilled beam applications should be establish in precisely the same manner they are defined for all air systems. These zones should consist of adjacent spaces whose sensible cooling requirements are similar, and several beams should be controlled from a single space thermostat. For example, the beams serving several perimeter spaces with the same solar exposure can be controlled by a single thermostat to create a zone of similar size to that which might be served by a single fan terminal in an all air system. Conference rooms and other areas with widely varying occupancy should be controlled separately. Control of the primary airflow rate TROX active chilled beams can be provided with volume flow rate controllers that can either a) maintain a constant volume airflow rate to the beam or b) act as a maximum air volume limiter for beams that are operated in a variable volume mode. Figure 18 illustrates a TROX model VFL flow limiter which can be fitted directly to the inlet side of the active beam. This limiter is fully self-contained and requires no power or control connections. It may be field set to maintain a constant primary air volume flow rate as long as the inlet static pressure is sufficient to provide that airflow. If a variable volume terminal upstream throttles to reduce the volume flow rate, the flow limiter opens fully to accept the regulation. More information on VFL flow limiters may be found in TROX leaflet 5/9.2/EN/3. The VFL flow limiters require a minimum of 0.15 inches H2O differential static pressure to operate. This must be a

added to the pressure loss of the beam to arrive at an appropriate inlet static pressure requirement. For acoustical reasons, the inlet static pressure should not exceed 1.0 inches H2O. Chilled (and hot) water flow control strategies The most economical way to control the output of the chilled beam is to modulate the water flow rate through the coil. This may be accomplished in either of two ways. Figure 19 illustrates a typical piping and hydronic control schematic for a single thermal zone utilizing chilled beams. There are isolation valves within each zone which allow the chilled beam coils within the zone to be isolated from the chilled water system. This enables beams to be relocated or removed without disturbing the water flow in other zones. The coils‘ water flow rate is throttled by a 2-way chilled water valve actuated by the zone thermostat. Most chilled beam systems utilize floating point valve actuators that provide on-off control of the beam water flow. Throttling the water flow rate results in variable volume flow through the main water loop while its supply and return water temperatures tend to remain relatively constant.

Figure 20 shows a zone within a chilled beam system that is controlled by a 3-way valve. Such a schematic will allow modulation of the chilled water flow to the beams within the zone while maintaining a constant volume flow rate within the main distribution system. Such control may be advantageous in cases where a dedicated chiller is used and significant variations in the water flow rate can result in danger of freezing within the chiller itself. Three way valves are also frequently used when condensation prevention controls are employed. The piping illustrated in figure 19 is reverse-return. The first unit supplied with chilled water is the farthest from the main chilled water return. Using reverse-return

Figure 18: TROX VFL Flow Controller

20

Control Strategies

Chilled beams within a single thermal zone

Chilled

water

supply

Chilled

water

return

Isolation

valve

2 way

on-off

control

valve

T Zone thermostat

Isolation

valve

Chilled beams within a single thermal zone

Chilled

water

supply

Chilled

water

return

Isolation

valves (2)

3 way

proportional

control

valve

T Zone thermostat

Flow

Measurement

and Balancing

Valves

Chilled beams within a single thermal zone

Chilled

water

supply

Chilled

water

return

Isolation

valves (2)

3 way proportional

control valve

TZone thermostat

Pump

Figure 19: Chilled Beam Zone Control by Means of a Throttling (On/Off) 2 Way Valve

Figure 20: Chilled Beam Zone Control by Means of a Diverting 3 Way Valve

Figure 21: Chilled Beam Zone Control by Water Temperature Modulation

21

Control Strategies

piping tends to adequately balance the water flow to multiple beams within a single zone. The chilled beam output may also be controlled by maintaining the water flow rate constant and modulating its temperature. In these cases, the water flow rate throughout both the main and zone circuits remains constant. This is a more expensive alternative which is generally only used where space humidity levels are unpredictable yet condensation must be prevented without compromising the space thermal conditions. Figure 21 illustrates such a zone using a mixing strategy where return water is recirculated to raise the chilled water supply temperature to the beams. A pump must be supplied within the zone piping circuit to produce a sufficient head to pump the supply/recirculated water mixture to the beams. Condensation prevention strategies As long as the space dew point temperature can be maintained within a reasonable (+/- 2˚F) range and the chilled water supply temperature is at (or above) the design value, there should be little concern regarding condensation on the surfaces of the chilled beams. The beam surfaces will never be as cold as the entering chilled water temperature. In the case of active beams, the constant room airflow across the coil surface will also provide a drying effect. Some applications may, however, be subject to periods where room humidity conditions drift or rise due to infiltration or other processes that may add significant unaccounted for moisture to the space. In these cases, the employment of some type of condensation control strategy may be warranted. There are several methods of condensation prevention control that include the following (and combinations of such):

• Central monitoring and control • Zonal monitoring with on/off control • Zonal monitoring with modulating control

Central dew point monitoring and control involves the measurement of the outdoor dew point temperature and control of the chilled water supply temperature in relation to that. This is an effective method of control for relatively mild climate applications where operable windows and/or other sources contribute to excessive infiltration of outdoor air. The central supply water temperature can be modulated to remain at (or some amount above) the outdoor air dew point. Figure 22 illustrates such a method of condensation control. An alternative method of condensation prevention is the use of zonal on/off control signaled by moisture sensors on the zone chilled water connection (see figure 23) . When moisture forms on the supply water pipe next to the zone water valve, the zone water flow is shut off and will not be restored until the moisture has been

evaporated. Conditioning of the space will be limited to that provided by the primary airflow until acceptable humidity conditions allow the chilled water flow to be resumed. This is an economic and effective method of condensation control in spaces where such conditions are not expected to occur frequently. The sensor may also be used as a signal to increase the flow of primary air to further dehumidify the space, reducing the time that the chilled water flow is shut off.

T

R

To Chilled Beam

Zones

Pressure

Regulator

Supply Water

Temperature

Controller

Chilled

Water

Pump

Return Water Bypass

2-way Chilled

Water Valve

(one per zone)

Secondary (Tempered) Chilled

Water Supply to Beams

HEAT

EXCHANGER

Secondary Chilled

Water Return

F

Outdoor Air

Dew Point

Sensor

Chilled

water

supply

Chilled beams within a single thermal zone

Chilled

water

return

Isolation

valve

2 way

on-off

control

valve

T Zone thermostat

Isolation

valve

Moisture Sensor

Figure 23: Throttling Chilled Water Control with Moisture Sensor Override

Figure 22: Chilled Water Temperature Reset Based on Outdoor Dew Point

22

Installation and Commissioning

If the maintenance of local thermal conditions is critical, a zone humidistat may be used to modulate the zone chilled water supply temperature as shown in figure 24. This requires that each zone fitted for such control be fitted with a pump capable of recirculating return water into the supply circuit of the chilled beam.

INSTALLATION AND COMMISSIONING Mounting considerations The weight of chilled beams requires that they be separately supported, independent of any integrated ceiling grid or drywall surface. They are usually suspended from the structure above by means of threaded rods or other sufficiently strong support means that allow the beam‘s position to be vertically adjusted. The beams are usually mounted and connected prior to the installation of the ceiling grid or drywall. TROX chilled beams are furnished with a minimum of four (4) attachment angles whose position can be adjusted along the beam length to allow the beam to be ―dropped‖ into the suspended ceiling grid with which it is integrated. When integrated with a ceiling grid system or drywall, it is recommended that the beams be suspended from linear channels (such as uni-strut) that run perpendicular to the beam‘s length, so there is some adjustability in every direction. Figure 25 illustrates the mounting of active and passive beams. TROX offers various borders to coordinate DID600 and DID300 series beams with three types of acoustical ceiling grids (illustrated in figure 26):

• Conventional (1” wide) inverted tee bar • Narrow (9/16” wide) inverted tee bar

• Tubular (9/16” wide) tee bar members When active beams are intended for mounting in drywall ceiling applications, it is recommended that a plaster frame (also shown in figure 26) be utilized to assure a clean transition from the beam to the ceiling surface.

Chilled beams within a single thermal zone

Chilled

water

supply

Chilled

water

return

Isolation

valves

(2)

3 way

proportional

control valve

T

Zone Temperature

and Humidity

Controller

Pump

F

Temperature

Sensor

Dew Point

Sensor

Figure 24: Condensation Protection Using Temperature/Humidity Sensing to Modulate

the Zone Chilled Water Temperature

Uni-strut Channels

bolted to structure

above allows

adjustment along

beam width

Beam suspended

from channels by

threaded rods

Factory furnished

mounting brackets

allow adjustment

along beam length

Figure 25: Installation of an Active Beam

9/16"

5/16"

9/16"

1"

Integration with

standard 1" wide

(inverted) tee bar grid

Integration with narrow

9/16" wide (inverted)

tee bar grid

Integration with narrow

9/16" wide tubular type

grid

Integration into dry wall

ceiling using plaster

frame

1"

Figure 26: Integration of Active Beams into Common Ceiling System Applications

23

Installation and Commissioning

When active beams are to be used without an adjacent ceiling surface, TROX recommends that an extended outer surface be furnished which allows formation of a Coanda effect that helps direct the discharge air horizontally and prevent dumping. Recessed passive chilled beams may also be integrated with suspension grid systems, but they are usually mounted above the grid and have no direct interaction with it. It is recommended that a separation skirt (see figure 13) be used to separate the two air streams (warm entering air from cool discharge air) of the beam. Exposed passive beams are almost always pendant mounted to the structural slab above and used without a false ceiling system. Air and water connections Connection of the chilled water (and hot water where applicable) supplies to chilled beams are the responsibility of the installing contractor. Chilled beams may be furnished with either ½‖ NPT (threaded) male connections or with straight pipe (1/2‖ O.D.) ends appropriate for field soldering. While each coil is factory tested for leakage, it is important that the beams are at no time subjected to installation or handling that might result in bending or otherwise damaging the pipe connections in any way. All control, balancing and shut –off valves that may be necessary are also to be provided and installed by others. Do not over tighten any threaded connections to the beams. All chilled water supply piping should be adequately insulated. Return water piping may be left un-insulated provided the return water temperature remains above the dew point of the spaces over which it passes. Flexible hoses may be used for chilled beam water connections. These hoses may employ either threaded or snap lock connectors. TROX USA offers such threaded connectors as an option. These connectors are 100% tested and marked with individual identification numbers. In the event of a failure, the batch within which they were manufactured can be readily identified and preemptive remediation can be performed without concern that all hoses on the job are subject to failure soon. The normal life of flexible hoses exceeds fifteen year but can be affected by (among other things) swings in their operational temperature and lack of sufficient water treatment. The connection of the primary air supply duct to active chilled beams is also the responsibility of the installing contractor. This connection should include the provision of at least eight (8) inches of straight sheet metal duct connected directly to the beam‘s primary air inlet. No more than five (5) feet of flexible duct should be used to a

connect the beam to the supply air duct and this flexible duct should not have any excess bends or radius. Water treatment It is imperative that there are no corrosive elements in the secondary water supply to the beams as there are brass fittings on the coils and/or connection hoses. Periodic testing of the secondary water circuit on each floor should be performed to assure that none of these corrosive elements are present. Prior to connection to the beams and the chiller plant, the water pipes should be thoroughly flushed to remove any impurities that may reside within them. Only after this purging has occurred should the connections to the coils and the chiller plant be performed. Additional information regarding system cleaning may be found in reference 6. Once filled by the mechanical contractor, the system should be dosed with chemicals that prevent bacterial growth. Typical additives would be a sodium nitrate inhibitor solution of 1000 parts per million (e.g. Nalcol 90) and a biocide solution of 200 parts per million (e.g. Nalcol). Reference 6 provides additional information regarding water treatment. System Commissioning TROX provides each beam with vents that are used to purge air from the water circuit. These vents are located on the coil‘s intended return header. Prior to commissioning any air trapped in the pipe work should be purged from the water circuit through these vents. A flow measuring device and suitable balancing valve should be provided for each beam which will enable adjustment of the chilled water flow rate to each beam within the thermal zone to its design value. This is illustrated in figure 20. Where five to six beams are installed in a reverse-return piping circuit (per figure 19), there will likely be no need for such measuring devices and balancing valves. The primary airflow rate to an active chilled beam can best be determined by measuring the static pressure within the pressurized entry plenum and referring to the calibration chart provided with the beam. TROX provides an inlet pressure tap (or via the discharge nozzle) to which a measuring gauge can be connected. Do not attempt to read the total discharge airflow rate using a hood or any other device that adds downstream pressure to the beam as it will reduce the amount of induction and as such give false readings.

24

Maintenance

SYSTEM OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE There are certain operational requirements that must observed when chilled beam systems are employed in humid climates. In the event the HVAC system is disabled on nights and/or weekends, the chilled water supply must remain suspended until the primary air supply has properly dehumidified the space. It is recommended that some type of space humidity sensing be used to assure that a proper space dew point temperature has been established prior to starting the delivery of chilled water to the space. If chilled beams are to be used in traffic or lobby areas, it is important that the space be maintained at a positive pressure in order to minimize the infiltration of outdoor air. In the case of lobby areas, the use of revolving doors may be warranted. It is also recommended that the beams not be located near any opening doors or windows in these areas. Maintenance requirements Due to their simplicity and lack of moving parts, chilled beams require little maintenance. In fact, the only scheduled maintenance with chilled beams involves the periodic vacuuming of their coil surfaces. Passive beams generally require that this be done every four to five years. In the case of active beams, such cleaning is only required when the face of the unit return section shows visible dirt. At this time, the primary air nozzles should be visually inspected and any debris or lint removed. In all cases, it is recommended that good filtration be maintained within the air handling unit.

REFERENCES

1. REHVA. 2004. Chilled Beam Application Guidebook.

2. ASHRAE. 2004 Thermal environmental condi t ions for human occupancy. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-2004.

3. ASHRAE. 2007. ASHRAE Handbook-Applications.

4. Energie. 2001. Climatic ceilings technical note: design calculations.

5. ASHRAE. 2005. ASHRAE Handbook-Fundamentals.

6. BSRIA. 1991. Pre-commission cleaning of water systems. BSRIA Application Guide 8/91.

7. ASHRAE. 2004 Ventilation for acceptable indoor air quality. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004.

25

Passive Beam Selection

CHILLED BEAM SELECTION PASSIVE BEAM SELECTION AND LOCATION Selection and location of passive chilled beams is pri-marily affected by the following parameters:

• Required sensible heat removal • Allowable chilled water supply temperature • Horizontal and vertical space restrictions • Occupant thermal comfort considerations • Architectural considerations

Chilled water supply and return temperatures Before a passive beam selection can be made, it is necessary that an appropriate chilled water supply temperature be identified. TROX USA recommends that the chilled water supply temperature to passive beams be maintained at least 1˚F above the space dew point temperature in order to assure that condensation does not occur. Figure 27 illustrates the ASHRAE psychrometric chart for moist air at sea level conditions. Return water temperatures will generally be 3 to 6˚F higher than the supply water temperature. Water flow rate and pressure loss considerations Water flow velocities in excess of 4 feet per second should be avoided in order to prevent unwanted noise. Design water flow rates below 0.25 gallons per minute are not recommended as laminar flow begins to occur below this flow rate and coil performance may be reduced. Passive chilled beams should also be selected such that their water side head loss does not exceed 10 feet of water. Passive chilled beam performance data The amount of sensible cooling that can be provided by an active chilled beam is dependent on all of the factors listed above. Tables 2 and 3 illustrate the performance of TROX TCB-1 and TCB-2 series passive chilled beams. The available beam widths are listed in the table. The water side pressure loss is illustrated for 4, 6, 8 and 10 foot versions of each beam. The sensible cooling capacity of each beam is expressed in BTUH per linear foot of length for various temperature differentials between entering air and the entering chilled water supply. This capacity is based on a 6 foot beam length, a discharge free area of 50% and an equal inlet free area. It also assumes that the distance between the beam and any obstacle above it is at least 40% the width of the beam. Table 4 presents correction a

factors for other beam lengths and inlet/discharge conditions. Passive beam selection procedures Selection of passive chilled beams should be performed as follows:

1. Estimate the beam entering air temperature • If a fully mixed room air distribution

system is being used, the entering air temperature will equal the room control temperature.

• If a stratified system is being used, the entering air temperature may be assumed to be 2˚F warmer than the room control temperature.

• When mounted directly above a perimeter window, the entering air temperature can be assumed to be 6˚F warmer than the room temperature.

2. Specify the chilled water supply temperature. 3. Using the temperature difference between the

entering air and chilled water, select a beam whose width and length will remove the required amount of sensible heat.

4. Identify the required water flow rate and

pressure loss for the selected beam. Passive chilled beam selection examples EXAMPLE 1: TCB-1 series passive (recessed type) chilled beams are being used to condition an interior office space that is 120 feet long by 60 feet wide with a sensible heat gain 12 BTUH per square foot. The space is controlled by a thermostat (at the mid-level of the room) for a dry bulb temperature of 76˚F and space RH of 50%. A thermal displacement ventilation system supplies 0.2 CFM per square foot of pretreated ventilation air at 65˚F. SOLUTION: The total sensible heat gain of the space is 8,640 BTUH. The room dew point temperature is 57˚F therefore a chilled water supply temperature of 58˚F will be used. As the displacement ventilation system being used in conjunction with the beams will crate a stratified room environment, the beam entering air temperature (and the return air temperature leaving the space) may be assumed to be 2˚F warmer than the room control t e mp e r a t u r e , o r i n t h i s c a s e 7 8 ˚ F . a

26

Psychrometric Chart

Figure 27: ASHRAE Psychrometric Chart

27

Passive Beam Performance

4 5 6 8 10 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

0.75 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.1 216 236 257 278 299 319 340 361

1.00 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.6 1.9 243 264 285 305 326 347 367 388

1.25 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.5 2.9 259 280 301 321 342 363 383 404

1.50 2.3 2.5 2.9 3.6 4.2 270 291 301 332 353 374 394 415

1.75 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 278 299 319 340 361 381 402 423

2.00 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.8 1.0 284 304 325 346 366 387 408 428

2.25 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.2 288 309 329 350 371 391 412 433

2.50 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.5 292 312 333 354 374 395 416 437

2.75 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.8 295 315 336 357 377 398 419 439

3.00 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.8 2.1 297 318 338 359 380 400 421 442

0.75 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.9 211 229 247 264 278 296 315 334

1.00 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.6 232 249 267 284 299 318 337 355

1.25 1.2 1.4 1.6 2.0 2.4 244 262 279 297 312 331 350 368

1.50 1.7 2.1 2.3 2.8 3.5 252 270 287 305 321 346 359 377

1.75 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 270 276 293 311 327 216 365 383

2.00 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.8 262 280 298 315 332 351 369 388

2.25 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 266 284 301 319 336 354 373 392

2.50 0.7 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.2 269 286 304 321 339 357 376 395

2.75 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.5 271 288 306 324 341 360 378 397

3.00 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.8 273 290 308 325 343 362 380 399

0.75 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.9 183 197 212 227 241 256 270 285

1.00 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.6 197 211 226 240 255 270 284 299

1.25 1.3 1.5 1.7 2.1 2.5 205 220 234 249 263 278 293 307

1.50 1.9 2.2 2.4 3.0 3.6 210 225 240 254 269 283 298 313

1.75 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 214 229 244 258 273 287 302 317

2.00 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 217 232 247 261 276 290 305 320

2.25 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.8 220 234 249 264 278 293 307 322

2.50 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 222 236 251 265 280 295 309 324

2.75 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.2 223 238 252 267 281 296 311 325

3.00 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 224 239 254 268 283 297 312 327

0.75 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 164 174 185 195 206 217 227 238

1.00 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.9 172 182 193 204 214 225 235 246

1.25 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.5 177 187 198 208 219 230 240 251

1.50 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.8 2.1 180 191 201 212 222 233 244 254

1.75 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 182 193 203 214 225 235 246 256

2.00 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 184 195 205 216 226 237 248 258

2.25 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 185 196 207 217 228 238 249 260

2.50 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 186 197 208 218 229 239 250 261

2.75 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.9 187 198 209 219 230 240 251 262

3.00 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.1 188 199 209 220 230 241 252 262

Beam Width (B)

(inches)

Water Flow Rate

(GPM)

ΔPWATER, ft. H2O Sensible Cooling Capacity, (BTUH/LF)

Chilled Beam Length, Ft. TROOM - TCWS

24

20

16

12

NOTES REGARDING PERFORMANCE DATA:

1. Sensible cooling data is based on a six (6) foot long uncapped beam with a 12" stack height (H), a ceiling free area of 50%

and an air passage width (W) twice the beam width (B) per figure 13.

2. For other beam lengths, ceiling free areas and/or air passage widths see table 4 for correction factors.

Table 2: TCB-1 Passive Beam (One Row Coil) Cooling Performance Data

28

Passive Beam Performance

4 5 6 8 10 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

0.75 1.8 1.3 1.5 1.7 2.1 153 194 236 277 318 360 401 442

1.00 3.2 2.3 2.6 3.1 3.7 242 283 324 366 407 448 490 531

1.25 5.0 3.6 4.1 4.8 5.8 295 336 377 418 460 501 542 584

1.50 7.2 5.2 5.9 6.9 8.3 330 371 412 454 495 536 577 619

1.75 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 354 396 437 478 520 561 602 643

2.00 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.6 1.9 373 415 456 497 539 580 621 662

2.25 1.3 1.4 1.6 2.0 2.4 387 429 470 511 553 594 635 677

2.50 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.5 2.9 399 440 482 523 564 606 647 688

2.75 1.9 2.2 2.4 3.0 3.5 409 450 491 533 574 615 656 698

3.00 2.3 2.6 2.9 3.6 4.2 417 458 499 541 582 623 665 706

0.75 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.7 169 204 239 273 308 343 378 413

1.00 1.7 1.9 2.2 2.7 3.1 232 266 301 336 371 406 440 475

1.25 2.6 3.0 3.4 4.2 4.8 267 302 337 372 407 441 476 511

1.50 3.8 4.3 4.9 6.0 6.9 292 326 361 396 431 466 500 535

1.75 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.1 309 343 378 413 448 483 517 552

2.00 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.4 322 356 391 426 461 496 530 565

2.25 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.7 1.8 332 366 401 436 471 506 540 575

2.50 1.3 1.5 1.7 2.0 2.2 340 375 409 444 479 514 549 583

2.75 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.5 2.7 346 381 416 451 486 520 555 590

3.00 1.9 2.2 2.4 2.9 3.2 352 387 422 456 491 526 561 596

0.75 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 168 195 221 247 274 300 326 352

1.00 1.4 1.5 1.7 2.2 2.5 202 228 254 281 307 333 360 386

1.25 2.1 2.4 2.7 3.4 3.9 222 249 275 301 327 354 380 406

1.50 3.0 3.4 3.9 4.9 5.7 235 262 288 314 341 367 393 419

1.75 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.8 1.0 245 272 298 324 350 377 403 429

2.00 0.7 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.2 252 279 305 331 358 384 410 437

2.25 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.6 258 284 311 337 363 389 416 442

2.50 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.6 2.0 262 289 315 341 368 394 420 447

2.75 1.2 1.4 1.6 2.0 2.4 266 292 319 345 371 398 424 450

3.00 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.4 2.8 269 296 322 348 375 401 427 453

0.75 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.1 1.3 153 176 198 221 244 266 289 311

1.00 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.9 2.2 177 199 222 245 267 290 312 335

1.25 1.8 2.0 2.3 3.0 3.5 191 214 237 259 282 304 327 350

1.50 2.5 2.9 3.3 4.3 5.0 201 224 246 269 291 314 337 359

1.75 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 208 231 253 276 298 321 344 366

2.00 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.9 1.1 213 236 258 281 303 326 349 371

2.25 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.3 217 240 262 285 308 330 353 375

2.50 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.7 220 243 265 288 311 333 356 378

2.75 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.7 2.0 223 245 268 291 313 336 358 381

3.00 1.3 1.5 1.7 2.1 2.4 225 248 270 293 315 338 361 383

Beam Width (B)

(inches)

Water Flow Rate

(GPM)

ΔPWATER, ft. H2O Sensible Cooling Capacity, (BTUH/LF)

Chilled Beam Length, Ft. TROOM - TCWS

24

20

16

14

NOTES REGARDING PERFORMANCE DATA:

1. Sensible cooling data is based on a six (6) foot long uncapped beam with a 12" stack height (H), a ceiling free area of 50%

2. For other beam lengths, ceiling free areas and/or air passage widths see table 4 for correction factors.

and an air passage width (W) twice the beam width (B) per figure 13.

Table 3: TCB-2 Passive Beam (Two Row Coil) Cooling Performance Data

29

Passive Beam Performance

W = 1.5 x B W = 1.6 x B W = 1.7 x B W = 1.8 x B W = 1.9 x B W = 2.0 x B

30.0% 0.66 0.71 0.75 0.79 0.83 0.83

40.0% 0.72 0.79 0.82 0.87 0.91 0.92

50.0% 0.76 0.83 0.87 0.92 0.96 0.96

100.0% 0.80 0.87 0.91 0.96 1.01 1.01

30.0% 0.68 0.74 0.78 0.82 0.86 0.87

40.0% 0.76 0.82 0.86 0.91 0.95 0.96

50.0% 0.80 0.87 0.91 0.96 1.00 1.01

100.0% 0.84 0.91 0.95 1.00 1.06 1.06

30.0% 0.72 0.78 0.82 0.87 0.91 0.91

40.0% 0.80 0.87 0.91 0.96 1.00 1.01

50.0% 0.84 0.91 0.95 1.01 1.06 1.06

100.0% 0.88 0.96 1.00 1.06 1.11 1.11

30.0% 0.62 0.67 0.70 0.74 0.78 0.78

40.0% 0.68 0.74 0.78 0.82 0.86 0.86

50.0% 0.72 0.78 0.82 0.86 0.91 0.91

100.0% 0.75 0.82 0.86 0.91 0.95 0.96

30.0% 0.65 0.70 0.74 0.78 0.82 0.82

40.0% 0.71 0.78 0.81 0.86 0.90 0.90

50.0% 0.75 0.82 0.86 0.90 0.95 0.95

100.0% 0.79 0.86 0.90 0.95 1.00 1.00

30.0% 0.68 0.74 0.77 0.82 0.86 0.86

40.0% 0.75 0.82 0.86 0.90 0.95 0.95

50.0% 0.79 0.86 0.90 0.95 1.00 1.00

100.0% 0.83 0.90 0.95 1.00 1.05 1.05

30.0% 0.59 0.65 0.68 0.71 0.75 0.75

40.0% 0.66 0.71 0.75 0.79 0.83 0.83

50.0% 0.69 0.75 0.79 0.83 0.87 0.87

100.0% 0.72 0.79 0.83 0.87 0.92 0.92

30.0% 0.62 0.67 0.71 0.75 0.78 0.78

40.0% 0.68 0.75 0.78 0.82 0.86 0.87

50.0% 0.72 0.78 0.82 0.87 0.91 0.91

100.0% 0.76 0.82 0.86 0.91 0.96 0.96

30.0% 0.65 0.71 0.74 0.78 0.82 0.83

40.0% 0.72 0.78 0.82 0.87 0.91 0.91

50.0% 0.76 0.83 0.86 0.91 0.96 0.96

100.0% 0.80 0.87 0.91 0.96 1.01 1.01

30.0% 0.57 0.63 0.66 0.69 0.73 0.73

40.0% 0.64 0.69 0.72 0.76 0.80 0.80

50.0% 0.67 0.73 0.76 0.80 0.84 0.85

100.0% 0.70 0.76 0.80 0.84 0.89 0.89

30.0% 0.60 0.65 0.68 0.72 0.76 0.76

40.0% 0.66 0.72 0.76 0.80 0.84 0.84

50.0% 0.70 0.76 0.80 0.84 0.88 0.88

100.0% 0.73 0.80 0.83 0.88 0.93 0.93

30.0% 0.63 0.69 0.72 0.76 0.80 0.80

40.0% 0.70 0.76 0.80 0.84 0.88 0.88

50.0% 0.73 0.80 0.84 0.88 0.93 0.93

100.0% 0.77 0.84 0.88 0.93 0.97 0.98

Cooling Performance Factor (FC)

8

10

12

Ceiling Panel Free Area

(%)

Stack Height

(inches)

10

8

10

12

Beam Length

(linear ft.)

8

8

10

12

4

6

8

10

12

NOTES:

1. Performance tables 2 and 3 are based on a beam stack height of 12‖ and an air passage width of W = 2.0 x B 2. See figure 13 for explanation of air passage widths (W) and heights (Z).

Table 4: Correction Factors for Other Beam Configurations

30

Passive Beam Selection Examples

The sensible heat removal of the ventilation air can then be calculated as follows: qVENT = 1.08 x CFMVENT x (TRETURN – TSUPPLY) = 1.08 x (0.2 x 720) x (78 – 65) = 2,021 BTUH The required sensible heat removal of the beams is the total sensible heat gain of the space (8,640 BTUH) less that removed by the air supply (2,021 BTUH) or 6,618 BTUH. In order to contain the beam and its required inlet area within a single 2 foot wide ceiling module, it is desired that 12‖ wide beams be used. Table 2 indicates that (with a 20˚F temperature differential between the entering air and chilled water) four 8 foot long beams with chilled water flow rates of 0.75 GPM could remove the required sensible heat. These would be located uniformly within the space. EXAMPLE 2: A TCB-2 (recessed type) passive beam is to be used for conditioning a 120 square foot perimeter space served by a UFAD system. The space design conditions are 74˚F/55% RH. The space sensible heat gain is 45 BTUH per square foot, 10 BTUH per square foot of which will be removed by the pretreated air in the UFAD system. The perimeter exposure is 10 feet long. SOLUTION: The beam entering air temperature can be assumed to be 80˚F. A chilled water supply temperature of 59˚F (1˚F above the space dew point) has been chosen, therefore the temperature difference between the entering air and entering water is 21˚F. The passive beam selected must be capable of removing 4,200 BTUH (35 BTUH per square foot) of sensible heat. If an 8 foot long beam is to be used, it must remove 525 BTUH per linear foot. According to table 3 (modified per table 4), either a 24 inch wide beam (at 1.25 GPM) or a 20 inch wide beam (at 2.0 GPM) could be used. The 20 inch beam will be selected as it requires slightly less space and installed per figure 28. ACTIVE BEAM SELECTION AND LOCATION In addition to sensible heat removal and water side pressure loss effects, active chilled beam selection and location should also consider acoustical and air side pressure effects as well as room air distribution performance and its effect on occupant thermal comfort. TROX DID active chilled beams offer a range of air nozzles that afford the designer to tailor the beam selection to the space cooling and air distribution requirements. DID300U and 600U series beams offer

three nozzle sizes. Types A nozzles are the smallest in diameter, create the highest induction ratios and thus provide the greatest sensible cooling per CFM of primary air. Their small diameter however also results in higher air side pressure losses which limit the primary airflow rates through the beam. These beams are commonly used for interior spaces where ventilation rates are very low compared to the sensible load. Type C nozzles are the largest in diameter and allow considerably higher primary airflow rates. Use of type C nozzles will allow the most sensible cooling per linear foot of beam of all the nozzles. These beams are most often used when reasonably high primary airflow rates are necessary. Type B nozzles are considerably larger than type A but still smaller than type C nozzles. Their performance is thus a compromise between the other two nozzle types. DID300BU and 600BU series beams offer two nozzle types. The type G nozzle produces induction ratios similar to the type A nozzles previously discussed but with lower pressure drops and noise levels. This is because the number of nozzles is considerably increased on the DID300BU and DID600BU beams. Type M nozzles produce induction ratios that are some 15% higher, but at an additional pressure drop and noise level. Table 5 presents a brief comparison of nozzle types.

Blind Box8 to 10"

10"

30"

Figure 28: Passive Beam Installation for Example 2

31

Active Beam Selection

Chilled water supply and return temperatures Before an active chilled beam selection can be made, it is necessary that an appropriate chilled water supply temperature be identified. TROX USA recommends that the chilled water supply temperature to active beams be selected and maintained at or above the space dew point temperature in order to assure that condensation does not occur.

Return water temperatures will generally be 3 to 6˚F higher than the supply water temperature. Water flow rate and pressure loss considerations Water flow velocities in excess of 4 feet per second should be avoided in order to prevent unwanted noise. Design water flow rates below 0.25 gallons per minute are not recommended as laminar flow begins to occur

BTUH/LF BTUH/CFM BTUH/LF BTUH/CFM

6.0 0.34 16 265 44.2 396 66.0

7.0 0.47 20 296 42.3 449 64.0

8.0 0.61 24 324 40.5 498 62.3

9.0 0.77 27 349 38.8 545 60.6

10.0 0.95 30 373 37.3 591 59.1

8.0 0.23 17 284 35.5 458 57.3

10.0 0.35 23 327 32.7 545 54.5

12.0 0.51 28 366 30.5 628 52.3

14.0 0.69 33 402 28.7 707 50.5

16.0 0.90 36 434 27.1 783 48.9

12.0 0.24 23 293 24.4 555 46.3

15.0 0.37 29 338 22.5 665 44.3

18.0 0.53 34 378 21.0 770 42.8

21.0 0.72 38 414 19.7 871 41.5

24.0 0.94 42 448 18.7 971 40.5

5.0 0.30 <15 330 66.0 438 87.6

6.0 0.43 16 373 62.2 503 83.8

7.0 0.58 20 414 59.1 565 80.7

8.0 0.76 23 453 56.6 626 78.2

9.0 0.97 26 489 54.3 683 75.9

8.0 0.25 16 385 48.1 558 69.7

10.0 0.40 21 447 44.7 663 66.3

12.0 0.57 26 504 42.0 763 63.6

14.0 0.78 30 557 39.8 859 61.4

16.0 1.01 34 582 36.4 928 58.0

12.0 0.26 21 406 33.8 665 55.4

15.0 0.38 26 463 30.9 787 52.5

18.0 0.55 31 521 28.9 910 50.5

21.0 0.74 35 576 27.4 1030 49.0

24.0 0.97 38 627 26.1 1145 47.7

5.0 0.30 <15 330 66.0 438 87.6

6.0 0.43 16 373 62.2 503 83.8

7.0 0.58 20 414 59.1 565 80.7

8.0 0.76 23 453 56.6 626 78.2

9.0 0.97 26 489 54.3 683 75.9

8.0 0.25 16 385 48.1 558 69.7

10.0 0.40 21 447 44.7 663 66.3

12.0 0.57 26 504 42.0 763 63.6

14.0 0.78 30 557 39.8 859 61.4

16.0 1.01 34 582 36.4 928 58.0

5.0 0.30 <15 330 66.0 438 87.6

6.0 0.43 16 373 62.2 503 83.8

7.0 0.58 20 414 59.1 565 80.7

8.0 0.76 23 453 56.6 626 78.2

9.0 0.97 26 489 54.3 683 75.9

8.0 0.25 16 385 48.1 558 69.7

10.0 0.40 21 447 44.7 663 66.3

12.0 0.57 26 504 42.0 763 63.6

14.0 0.78 30 557 39.8 859 61.4

16.0 1.01 34 582 36.4 928 58.0

NOTES:

3.3

DID-300BU

M 0.044 5.3

G 0.078 6.1

C 0.122

A 0.044

3.2

B

Secondary Cooling 2

Total Cooling 3

1. Induction ratio is volumetric measure of total supply airflow rate divided by the ducted (primary) airflow rate.

2. Secondary (sensible) cooling is based on a 17?F temperature differential between the room and the entering chilled water (at a 1.5 GPM flow rate).

Primary Airflow

CFM/LF

ΔPAIR

inches H2ONC

C

Active Beam

Series

DID-600U

Nozzle Type Nozzle Area in2

Induction

Ratio 1

A 0.044 5.3

M 0.044 5.3

G 0.078 6.1

DID-600BU

differential between the room and the entering primary air.

3. Total (sensible) cooling is the sum of the secondary cooling (defined in note 2) and the primary air contribution based on a 20?F temperature

0.078 4.1DID-300U

0.122

5.3

B 0.078 4.1

Table 5: Active Beam Nozzle Effects on Primary Airflow Rates and Cooling Capacities

32

below this flow rate and coil performance may be reduced. Passive chilled beams should also be selected such that their water side head loss does not exceed 10 feet of water. Air side design considerations The primary airflow rate to active chilled beams must be sufficient to maintain proper ventilation of the space7. In addition, the preconditioning of the primary air delivery must also enable the primary air to provide adequate space dehumidification without assistance from the sensible cooling coil within the beam. When active beams are applied in humid climates, designing for a space relative humidity level near 55% will often result in a more effective application of the chilled beam system. This is particularly true when the dew point temperature of the primary air cannot be suppressed below about 53˚F. Figure 12 illustrates the relationship between the room design relative humidity and the primary air dew point temperature and its effect on the space primary air requirements. Another important consideration in the selection and location of active chilled beams involves the room air distribution. Figure 15 can be used to predict local velocities for active chilled beams. In order to prevent

excessive velocities in the occupied zone, it is recommended that the supply airflow rate (primary plus induced room air) not be greater than 80 CFM per linear foot of beam. If the beam being used is a one way version (also available, call factory for application information), the supply airflow rate should not exceed 40 CFM per linear foot.

Active beam performance data Performance data for DID300U, DID600U, DID300BU and DID600BU active chilled beams are presented in figures 28 through 46. Table 6 may be used as a reference to that data. The cooling capacity nomographs (presented in figures 28, 29, 35, 39 and 43) are all based on beams of six (6) foot length supplied by primary air whose dry bulb temperature is 20˚F cooler than the room being supplies. The chilled water flow rate to the beam is limited to that (referenced in the nomographs) which will not exceed a water side pressure loss of ten (10) feet of water. Cooling performance for each nozzle type is presented. The primary airflow range for each nozzle is limited to that which results in primary air side pressure losses below one (1) inch of water and NC levels below 40 (based on 10dB per octave band room attenuation. The minimum cooling capacities shown are with no chilled water contribution and represent the sensible

Active Beam Selection

DID300B DID300B DID600U DID300BU DID600BU

(2 Pipe) (4 Pipe) (4 Pipe) ( 2 or 4 Pipe) (2 or 4 Pipe)

Cooling Performance Data

- Sensible Cooling Capacities

- Air Side Pressure Loss

- Noise Criterion

Chilled Water Flow Rate Determination

Chilled Water Pressure Loss Data Figure 41 Figure 45 Figure 49

Heating Performance Data

- Sensible Heating Capacities

- Air Side Pressure Loss

- Noise Criterion

Hot Water Flow Rate Determination

Hot Water Pressure Loss Data Figure 42 Figure 46 Figure 50

Performance Data Parameter

NA Figure 34 Figure 40

Beam Type and Piping Configuration

Figure 32 Figure 33 Figure 39 Figure 43 Figure 47

Figure 36

Figure 35

Figure 37

Figure 38

Figure 44 Figure 48

Table 6: Reference to Active Beam Performance Data

33

Active Beam Selection Examples

cooling provided by the preconditioned primary air supply. Use of these nomographs will facilitate the selection of a nozzle type as well as identify the cooling capacities of the beam for various differentials between the room and entering chilled water temperatures. Similar nomographs (figures 30, 36, 40, and 44) are provided for heating. For heating applications, it is assumed that the primary air delivery temperature is 15˚F below that of the room. Again the primary air ranges for the various nozzles are limited by the air side pressure loss (less than 1‖ H2O.) and space NC (40) level. In the case of the heating nomographs, the shaded are labeled ―Primary Air Cooling‖ represents the cooling effect of the primary air during periods when the hot water supply is off. Both the cooling and heating nomographs include correction factor tables for other beam lengths. Corrections should also be made if the room to primary air temperature differential varies from that assumed by the nomographs. The cooling and heating capacities in the nomographs assume a maximum chilled or hot water flow rate. Figure 31 may be used to estimate the actual chilled water flow rate for a given sensible cooling requirement. Similarly figure 32 may be used to determine actual hot water flow rates. The use of these tables is illustrated in the selection examples that follow. Once the required chilled water flow rate has been determined, figures 33, 37, 41 and 45 may be used to estimate the chilled water side pressure loss associated with the selected flow rate. Figures 34, 38, 42 and 46 can be used to estimate the hot water side pressure loss for the determined flow rate. Finally, figure 15 is used to estimate local velocities associated with the chilled beam selection and placement. Active beam selection examples EXAMPLE 3: Select and locate DID300U active to condition a large open office area in a call center. The area considered is 120 feet by 60 feet and houses 72 occupants. The space sensible load (12.5 BTUH/ft2 or a total of 90,000 BTUH) is comprised as follows: Occupants: 2.5 BTUH/ ft2 Lighting: 1.5 W/ft2 (5 BTUH/ ft2) Equipment: 1.5 W/ft2 (5 BTUH/ft2)

The space should be designed for a 75˚F dry bulb temperature and a maximum relative humidity of 55% corresponding to a dew point temperature of 57.9˚F and a humidity ratio (WROOM)of 0.0102 Lbs H2O per Lb DA. The primary air will be conditioned to a dew point temperature of 52˚F (corresponding to a humidity ratio WPRIMARY of 0.0082 Lbs H2O per Lb DA) and delivered at 54˚F. The ceilings are ten (10) feet high. SOLUTION: As there are 72 occupants, the chilled beams must not only remove the space sensible gain, but must also treat the space latent gain (200 BTUH per person or a total of 14,400 BTUH) and provide proper space ventilation. If a ventilation rate of 15 CFM per person is to be maintained this amounts to a space ventilation rate of 1,080 CFM. In order to satisfy the space latent gain, the required primary airflow rate would be calculated as: CFMLATENT = qLATENT / 4840 x (WROOM – WPRIMARY) = 14,400 / 4840 x (0.0102 – 0.0082) = 1,488 CFM The ratio of the sensible heat gain to the primary airflow rate is therefore 60.5 (90,000 BTUH/1,488 CFM). Referring to table 5, it would appear that type A nozzles provide the closest match to this ratio, so they will be considered. The chilled water supply temperature will be specified at 58˚F (17˚F below room temperature) in order to maintain it above the space dew point temperature. The DID300U (2 pipe) cooling performance in figure 32 indicates that size 1800 DID300U type A nozzles can supply 9 CFM of primary air per linear foot at an airside pressure loss of about 0.75 inches H2O maintaining an NC level below 30. With a 17˚F temperature difference between the room and the entering chilled water this will provide approximately 550 BTUH per linear foot of sensible cooling. As such the space could be conditioned by 28 type DID300B/1800 beams (total length of 168 feet) using A nozzles. The primary airflow rate would be equal to the minimum airflow rate required to provide latent cooling or 53 CFM per beam (8.8 CFM per linear foot). The sensible cooling contribution would be 3,238 BTUH per beam. As the required chilled water flow rate would be near 1.4 GPM, the water side pressure drop would be approximately 7.3 feet of water per figure 37. Figure 29 illustrates the layout for the beams. The beams are placed on 16 foot centers with respect to their opposing blows. Referring to figure 15, this would correspond to an A/2 of 8 feet. The supply (primary plus induced) airflow rate would be approximately 47

34

(8.8 x 5.3) CFM per linear foot. At this supply airflow rate and beam spacing, the velocity at the head level of a seated occupant (4 feet) would be less than 30 FPM. Alternatively, type B nozzles could have been chosen for these beams. A DID300U/1800 beam can handle up to 13 CFM of primary air per linear foot at an NC of 30 and an air side pressure drop of 0.60 inches H2O. At this primary air flow rate (and a maximum chilled water flow rate of 1.4 GPM), this beam is capable of providing 675 BTUH/LF of sensible cooling (see figure 32). The space sensible cooling could therefore be accomplished by 23 such beams, each handling 78 CFM each (a total supply airflow to the space of 1,794 CFM). As this is an odd number of beams, 24 (144 LF) would instead be used with a primary air flow rate of 12.5 CFM per linear foot and providing some 3,750 BTUH/LF of sensible cooling each. While slightly reducing the number of beams, this selection would result in a primary airflow rate to the space that is some 20% above that required for the space ventilation and dehumidification. Had a conventional all air system delivering 55˚F air been utilized, the primary (ducted) airflow requirement would have been calculated as: CFM = qSENSIBLE / 1.09 x (TROOM – TSUPPLY) = 90,000 / (1.09 x 20) = 4,128 CFM The use of active chilled beams (with type A nozzles) would therefore result in a 64% reduction in the ducted airflow rate to the space!

EXAMPLE 4: DID600BU beams are to be used to condition (heat and cool) a private (single occupant) perimeter office (12 feet by 10 feet) whose sensible cooling requirement is 45 BTUH per square foot. The latent gain includes 500 BTUH due to infiltration. The net sensible heating requirement of the space is 20 BTUH per square foot. The ceiling height is ten (10) feet. The summer design conditions are 75˚F with a maximum RH of 55% (W = 0.0102 LBM H2O per pound dry air, dew point temperature of 57.8˚F) Winter design conditions are 70˚F. Primary air will be delivered at 55˚F with a dew point temperature of 52˚F (W = 0.0082 LBM H2O per pound dry air). As the perimeter wall is only ten (10) feet long, the beam length must not exceed eight (8) feet. The room NC shall not exceed 30. SOLUTION: First, space dehumidification requirements must be identified. The primary airflow rate required to dehumidify the space is calculated as: CFMLATENT = qLATENT / 4840 x (WROOM – WPRIMARY) = 700 / 4840 x (0.0102 – 0.0082) = 72 CFM This airflow rate will be higher than that required to ventilate the space. As the space dew point temperature is 57.8˚F, a chilled water supply a

Active Beam Selection Examples

18 feet

(Typ.)

16 feet

(Typ.)

Figure 29: Chilled Beam Layout for Selection Example 3

35

Active Beam Selection Examples

temperature of 58˚F will be used, resulting in a 17˚F differential between the room and entering chilled water temperature. The space sensible cooling load is 5,400 (120 x 45) BTUH. Figure 47 illustrates the sensible cooling performance of the DID600BU beams. If the room NC is to be limited to 30, a size 1800 beam with type G nozzles and a primary airflow rate of 16 CFM/LF will be considered. With a 17˚F differential between the room and entering chilled water temperatures, this beam is capable of supplying 750 BTUH/LF of sensible cooling. This results in a total sensible cooling of 4,500 BTUH, less than the required amount. A size 2400 beam can deliver 14 CFM/LF of primary air at NC 30 (NC correction per the corrections table) and an inlet static pressure of about 0.45 inches of H2O. The sensible cooling provided will be 0.98 times that shown in the nomograph for the size 1800 at the same primary airflow rate (CFM/LF), or 686 (700 x 0.98) BTUH/LF. The total sensible cooling provided by the size 2400 beam is thus 5,488 BTUH at a primary airflow rate of 112 CFM. The total (primary plus induced) airflow rate to will be 594 (112 x 5.3) CFM, or 74 CFM/LF. The water side pressure drop is determined by figure 46 is approximately 4.7 feet of H2O. Sensible heating of the space should be accomplished at the same airflow rate and a supply to room air differential not to exceed 15˚F per ASHRAE recommendations for overhead heating. The following equation can be used to make a quick check of the beams maximum net heating capacity: qHEAT = 1.09 x CFMSUPPLY x (TROOM – TSUPPLY) = 1.09 x 594 x 15 = 9,711 BTUH The sensible heating requirement of the room is only 2,400 BTUH (120 x 20) or 300 BTUH/LF of beam. The beam selection will be acceptable for heating as well. Figure 48 is a nomograph illustrating the DID600BU heating performance. The net heating capacity of the beam (at a hot water flow rate of 1.5 GPM) using 110˚F hot water is about 495 (510 x 0.97) BTUH/LF. Figure 32 indicates that this heating (FHWS = 0.61) could be accomplished at a hot water flow rate of 1.37 (1.5 x 0.91) GPM. As the beams are being used for both cooling and heating, their placement in proximity to the outside wall is imperative. The beam has been sized to supply 594 CFM (or about 75 CFM/LF) to the space. Referring to figure 15, placement of the beams anywhere from five to six feet from the perimeter will satisfy both modes.

EXAMPLE 5: DID600U beams are to be used for a heat driven laboratory application. The laboratory module is 30 by 20 feet (600 ft2) with ten (10) foot ceilings. The space sensible cooling load is 70 BTUH/ft2 while the total space latent load is 2,000 BTUH. Code requires that a minimum air change rate of at least 6 ACH-1 be maintained, but 8 ACH-1 will be required due to the presence of fume hoods within the space. The velocity at the top of the hood sash (6 foot level) cannot exceed 60 FPM in order to avoid the possible entrainment of fumes from the hoods. The design conditions within the laboratory are 75˚F/50% RH (W = 0.0092 LBM H2O per pound dry air, dew point temperature of 55.2˚F). The NC shall not exceed 40 nor shall the primary air pressure drop exceed 1.0 inches H2O. The primary air supply is delivered at 55˚F with a dew point temperature of 52˚F (W = 0.0082 LBM H2O per pound dry air). The beams are to be located directly above the work benches in order to capture the most sensible heat. Figure 30 illustrates the bench layout for the lab. SOLUTION: As the space dew point temperature is 55.2˚F, a 56˚F chilled water supply temperature will be used, resulting in a 19˚F temperature differential between the room air and the entering chilled water. The minimum primary air delivery to the space for ventilation purposes is 8 ACH-1, or 800 CFM. The amount of primary air required to satisfy the space latent load may be calculated as: CFMLATENT = qLATENT / 4840 x (WROOM – WPRIMARY) = 2,000 / 4840 x (0.0092 – 0.0082) = 413 CFM As this is less than the ventilation requirement, the minimum primary airflow delivery will be 800 CFM. The total space sensible load is 42,000 BTUH. Ideally, the beam selected should provide 52.5 (42,000 / 800) BTUH of sensible cooling per CFM of primary air. The primary air requirement (800 CFM) could be met by using 8 DID600U/1800 beams with C nozzles handling 100 CFM (16.7 CFM/LF) of primary air each. According to figure 39, this would provide about 900 BTUH/LF (or 53.9 BTUH/CFM primary air) of sensible cooling with entering chilled water 19˚F below the room air supplied at a flow rate of 1.4 GPM. This sensible cooling (43,200 BTUH) is sufficient to offset the space requirement of 42,000 BTUH. Figure 31 shows a layout of the beam selection.

36

The beams are to be located directly above the benches so the on center spacing (A) between the beams will be ten (10) feet. The total supply (primary plus induced) airflow delivery of the beams will be 2,560(800 x 3.2) CFM or 53 CFM/LF of beam. Referring to figure 15, such a placement (A/2 = 5 feet) would result in a maximum velocity of about 47 FPM at the six foot level of the space, less than the maximum of 60 FPM p r e s c r i b e d f o r t h e f u m e h o o d s .

In order to satisfy the space sensible gain, an all air system delivering 55˚F air would require the following:

CFM = qSENSIBLE / 1.09 x (TROOM – TSUPPLY) = 42,000 / (1.09 x 20) = 1,926 CFM or 19.26 ACH-1 This is 2.4 times that required by the chilled beam solution!

Active Beam Selection Examples

10 feet20 feet

30 feet

LABORATORY BENCH

LABORATORY BENCH LABORATORY BENCH

LABORATORY BENCH

A

Figure 30: Laboratory Used for Example 5

10 feet20 feet

30 feet

CWR

CWS

DID600U/1800C

typical of 8

T Space Thermostat

Figure 31: Chilled Beam Layout for Example 5

37

Chilled Beam Specifications - TCB

CHILLED BEAM SPECIFICATIONS The following specifications prepared in CSI format are suggested for the recessed passive chilled beams and the active chilled beams described in this design guide. For specifications on other products mentioned, please contact TROX USA. TCB Series (Recessed) Passive Chilled Beam

PART 1- GENERAL 1.01 Summary

This section describes the passive chilled beams. 1.02 Submittals

Submit product data for all items complete with the following information:

1) Operating weights and dimensions of assembled units.

2) Performance data, including sensible cooling capacities, water flow rates, and water pressure losses.

3) Cons t ruc t i on de ta i l s i nc lud ing manufacturers recommendations for installation, mounting and connection.

PART 2- PRODUCTS 2.01 General

Materials and products required for the work of this section shall not contain asbestos, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) or other hazardous materials identified by the engineer or owner.

Approved Manufacturers: These specifications set forth the minimum requirements for the passive chilled beams to be accepted for this project. Products provided by the following manufacturers will be deemed acceptable provided they meet all of the construction and performance requirements of this specification:

1. TROX 2.02 Design

1) Furnish and install TROX TCB series passive chilled beams of sizes and capacities indicated on the drawings and within the mechanical equipment schedules. The beams shall be constructed and delivered to the job site as single units (unless specified otherwise).

2) The beams shall consist of a 18 gauge galvanized steel housing encasing the integral sensible cooling coil. The casing and coil shall have a matt black finish. The (stack) height of housing shall be as indicated on the equipment schedule and shall be made up of a combination of the metal casing and fabric skirt. A fabric skirt shall be factory attached to the housing to prevent short circuiting of the air streams entering and leaving the beam. The skirt shall extend to within ¼‖ of the suspended ceiling surface below it. The separation skirt shall be constructed of materials compliant with NFPA90A for both smoke generation and flame spread. Skirts that use a ‗Duct Connector‘ material, which as duct connectors do not have to meet the smoke generation requirements of the test, are not acceptable in this application.

3) The chilled water coil shall be manufactured with seamless copper tubing (⅝‖ outside diameter) with minimum .02 inch wall thickness mechanically fixed to aluminum fins. The aluminum fins (minimum thickness of .0095 inches) shall be spaced at least ¼‖ on center and shall be drawn and affixed to the copper tubes such that none of the tubing surface is visible. The beam shall have a working pressure of at least 300 PSI, be factory tested for leakage at a minimum pressure of 360 PSI. Each chilled beam shall be provided with factory integrated drain and vent fittings.

4) The chilled water coil shall be provided with ½‖ NPT male threaded fittings where specified. These fittings must be suitable for field connection to a similar (½‖ NPT) female flexible hose. If not otherwise specified, coil connections shall be bare copper for field sweating to the water supply circuit. Connections shall be furnished on the end of the beam and shall be at least 1½‖ long to facilitate field connection.

5) Beams shall be delivered clean, flushed and capped to prevent ingress of dirt.

2.03 Performance

1) All performance shall be as listed in

mechanical schedule. 2) Sensible cooling capacities shall be

established by testing according to DIN Standard 4715. Manufacturer shall submit written documentation that testing has been performed to this standard.

3) Chilled water flow rates to the beams shall be limited to that which results in a ten (10) foot A

38

Chilled Beam Specifications—DID300U

head loss. Water flow velocities through the beam shall not exceed 4 FPS.

PART 3- EXECUTION

3.02 Installation

1) Coordinate the size, tagging and capacity of the beams to their proper location.

2) The chilled beams shall be independently suspended from the structure above by a six (6) threaded rods of ⅜‖ diameter. The rods shall be fixed to mounting holes in the beam housing located 2¾‘ from each end and at the center of the beam. Beam shall be leveled horizontally.

3) An adequate free area (minimum 50%) shall be assured beneath the beam as well as adjacent to it. The ceiling surface for ½ the beam width on each side shall also have a free area of 50%.

4) Separation skirt shall be field cut by acoustical ceiling contractor to assure that it covers the vertical gap between the beam housing and the ceiling to within ¼‖. It shall also be cut and trimed around the celing support system to minimize any air gaps.

5) Before connecting the beams, contractor shall flush chilled water piping system to assure that all debris and other matter have been removed.

6) Contractor shall perform connection of beams to the chilled water circuit by method specified (hard connection using sweated connection or connection using flexible hoses.

7) Flexible connector hoses shall be furnished by others (optionally by the manufacturer). Hoses shall be twenty four (24) inches in length and suitable for operation with a bend radius as small as five (5) inches. Such hoses shall be 100% tested and certified for no leakage at 500 PSI. Connector hoses shall consist of a PFTE lined hose with a wire braided jacket. The hoses shall be suitable for operation in an environment between -40 and 200˚F and rated for a minimum working pressure of 2000 PSI and a bursting pressure of 8000 PSI.

8) Contractor shall assure that the chilled water supplying the beams has been properly a

treated in accordance to BSRIA publication AG 2/93.

9) No power or direct control connections shall be required for the operation of the chilled beam.

3.03 Cleaning and Protection

1) Protect units before, during and after installation. Damaged material due to improper site protection shall be cause for rejection.

2) Clean equipment, repair damaged finishes as required to restore beams to as-new appearance.

DID300U Active Chilled Beams

PART 1- GENERAL

1.01 Summary

This section describes the active chilled beams. 1.02 Submittals

Submit product data for all items complete with the following information:

1) Operating weights and dimensions of all

unit assemblies. 2) Performance data, including sensible

cooling capacities, nozzle types, primary and total supply (primary plus induced) airflow rates, chilled (and where applicable hot) water flow rates, noise levels in octave bands, air and water side pressure losses and supply air throw values.

3) Cons t ruc t i on de ta i l s i nc lud ing manufacturers recommendations for installation, mounting and connection.

PART 2- PRODUCTS

2.01 General

Materials and products required for the work of this section shall not contain asbestos, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) or other hazardous materials identified by the engineer or owner.

Approved Manufacturers:

39

Chilled Beam Specifications - DID300U

These specifications set forth the minimum requirements for the active chilled beams to be accepted for this project. Products provided by the following manufacturers will be deemed acceptable provided they meet all of the construction and performance requirements of this specification:

1. TROX

2.02 Design

1) Furnish and install TROX DID300U series active chilled beams of sizes, capacities and nozzle types as indicated on the drawings and within the mechanical equipment schedules. The beams shall be constructed and delivered to the job site as single units.

2) The face of the beam shall consist of a room air induction section of 50% free area perforated steel flanked by two linear supply slots bordered by aluminum extrusions. The entire visible face section shall be finished in white powder coat paint or as specified by the architect.

3) Beams shall be provided with side and end details which will allow its integration into the applicable acoustical ceiling grid as specified by the architect.

4) The beams shall consist of a minimum 22 gauge galvanized steel housing encasing the 2 vertical integral sensible cooling coils and a plenum feeing a series of induction nozzles. A side mounted connection spigot shall afford the connection of a five (5) inch diameter primary supply air duct to the beam. The inside and outside surfaces of the housing and inlet spigot shall be finished with black powder coat paint.

5) Each beam shall be provided with a pressure tap (or nozzle) that may be used to measure the pressure differential between the primary air plenum and the room. An airflow calibration chart or data which relates this pressure differential reading with the primary and beam supply airflow rates shall also be provided by the beam manufactuer

6) (OPTIONAL) Each beam shall be furnished with a volume flow limiter for mounting in its inlet connection. This device shall allow field adjustment of a maximum primary air flow rate independent of any static pressure changes in the inlet ductwork. Volume flow limiter shall add no more than 0.15 inches H2O pressure drop to the primary air delivery system and shall not require any control or power connections.

7) When furnished in a 2 pipe configuration, the assembly shall contain two (2) separate chilled water coils are joined together via a manifold a

arrangement on the coil ends such that they have a single supply and return connections. Four pipe connections shall require separate connections for their chilled and hot water supply. The coils shall be mounted vertically to allow provision of condensate trays directly beneath them. The coils shall be manufactured with seamless copper tubing (½‖ outside diameter) with minimum .016 inch wall thickness mechanically fixed to aluminum fins. The aluminum fins shall be limited to no more than eight (8) fins per inch. The beam shall have a working pressure of at least 300 PSI, be factory tested for leakage at a minimum pressure of 360 PSI. Each chilled beam shall be provided with factory integrated drain and vent fittings.

8) The chilled water coil shall be provided with ½‖ NPT male threaded fittings where specified. These fittings must be suitable for field connection to a similar (½‖ NPT) female flexible hose. If not otherwise specified, coil connections shall be bare copper for field sweating to the water supply circuit. Connections shall be furnished near the (left or right) end of the beam on the side of the beam where the air connection is located and shall be at least 1½‖ long to facilitate field connection (by others).

9) Beams shall be delivered clean, flushed and capped to prevent ingress of dirt.

2.03 Performance

1) All performance shall be in compliance with

that shown on the equipment schedule. Acoustical testing shall have been performed in accordance with ANSI S12.51.

2) Hydronic cooling capacities shall be established by testing according to DIN Standard 4715. Manufacturer shall submit documentation that testing has been performed to this standard. Coils shall be rated in accordance with ARI Standard 410.

3) Primary airflow rates shall not result in supply (primary plus induced) airflow rates in excess of 80 CFM per linear foot of beam.

4) Chilled water flow rates to the beams shall be limited to that which results in a ten (10) foot head loss. Water flow velocities through the beam shall not exceed 4 FPS.

PART 3- EXECUTION

3.02 Installation

1) Coordinate the size, tagging and capacity of

the beams to their proper location.

40

Chilled Beam Specifications - DID600U

2) Chilled beams up to six feet in length shall be independently suspended from the structure above by a four (4) threaded rods of ⅜‖ diameter. For beams beyond six feet in length, six (6) threaded rods of ⅜‖ diameter shall be provided. The upper end of the rods shall be suspended from uni-strut channels that are a) mounted perpendicular to the beam length and b) at least four inches wider than the beam. The rods shall be fixed to factory furnished mounting brackets on the beam such that the beam can be repositioned along its length. The uni-strut channel shall allow adjustment perpendicular to the beam length. The beam shall then be positioned into the acoustical ceiling grid and leveled horizontally by adjusting the nuts connecting the threaded rods to the beam

3) Before connecting the supply water system(s) to the beams, contractor shall flush the piping system(s) to assure that all debris and other matter have been removed.

4) Contractor shall perform connection of beams to the chilled water circuit by method specified (hard connection using sweated connection or connection using flexible hoses.

5) Flexible connector hoses shall be furnished by others (optionally by the manufacturer). Hoses shall be twenty four (24) inches in length and suitable for operation with a bend radius as small as five (5) inches. Such hoses shall be 100% tested and certified for no leakage at 500 PSI. Connector hoses shall consist of a PFTE lined hose with a wire braided jacket. The hoses shall be suitable for operation in an environment between -40 and 200˚F and rated for a minimum working pressure of 2000 PSI and a bursting pressure of 8000 PSI.

6) Contractor shall assure that the chilled water supplying the beams has been properly treated in accordance to BSRIA publication AG 2/93.

7) No power or direct control connections shall be required for the operation of the chilled beam.

3.04 Cleaning and Protection

1) Protect units before, during and after

installation. Damaged material due to improper site protection shall be cause for rejection.

2) Clean equipment, repair damaged finishes as required to restore beams to as-new appearance.

DID600U Active Chilled Beams

PART 1- GENERAL 2.01 Summary

This section describes the active chilled beams.

2.01 Submittals Submit product data for all items complete with the following information:

1) Operating weights and dimensions of all unit assemblies.

2) Performance data, including sensible cooling capacities, nozzle types, primary and total supply (primary plus induced) airflow rates, chilled (and where applicable hot) water flow rates, noise levels in octave bands, air and water side pressure losses and supply air throw values.

3) Cons t ruc t i on de ta i l s i nc lud ing manufacturers recommendations for installation, mounting and connection.

PART 2- PRODUCTS

2.01 General

Materials and products required for the work of this section shall not contain asbestos, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) or other hazardous materials iden-tified by the engineer or owner. Approved Manufacturers: These specifications set forth the minimum re-quirements for the active chilled beams to be ac-cepted for this project. Products provided by the following manufacturers will be deemed acceptable provided they meet all of the construction and per-formance requirements of this specification: 1. TROX

2.02 Design 1) Furnish and install TROX DID600U series

active chilled beams of sizes, capacities and nozzle types as indicated on the drawings and within the mechanical equipment schedules. The beams shall be constructed and delivered to the job site as single units.

2) The face of the beam shall consist of a room air induction section of 50% free area a

41

Chilled Beam Specifications - DID600U

perforated steel flanked by two linear supply slots bordered by aluminum extrusions. The entire visible face section shall be finished in white powder coat paint or as specified by the architect.

3) Beams shall be provided with side and end details which will allow its integration into the applicable (24 inch wide) acoustical ceiling grid as specified by the architect.

4) The beams shall consist of a minimum 22 gauge galvanized steel housing encasing the integral sensible cooling coil and a plenum feeing a series of induction nozzles. A side mounted connection spigot shall afford the connection of a five (5) inch diameter primary supply air duct to the beam. The inside and outside surfaces of the housing and inlet spigot shall be finished with black powder coat paint. The overall height of the beam shall not exceed nine (9) inches.

5) Each beam shall be provided with a pressure tap (or nozzle) that may be used to measure the pressure differential between the primary air plenum and the room. An airflow calibration chart or data which relates this pressure differential reading with the primary and beam supply airflow rates shall also be provided by the beam manufacturer

6) (OPTIONAL) Each beam shall be furnished with a volume flow limiter for mounting in its inlet connection. This device shall allow field adjustment of a maximum primary air flow rate independent of any static pressure changes in the inlet ductwork. Volume flow limiter shall add no more than 0.15 inches H2O pressure drop to the primary air delivery system and shall not require any control or power connections.

7) Beams shall be provided with connections that accommodate both 2 and 4 pipe operation. Four pipe configurations shall require separate supply and return connections for chilled and hot water. The coils shall be mounted horizontally and shall be manufactured with seamless copper tubing (½‖ outside diameter) with minimum .016 inch wall thickness mechanically fixed to aluminum fins. The aluminum fins shall be limited to no more than eight (8) fins per inch. The beam shall have a working pressure of at least 300 PSI, be factory tested for leakage at a minimum pressure of 360 PSI. Each chilled beam shall be provided with factory integrated drain and vent fittings.

9) The chilled water coil shall be provided with ½‖ NPT male threaded fittings where specified. These fittings must be suitable for field connection to a similar (½‖ NPT) female flexible hose. If not otherwise specified, coil a

connections shall be bare copper for field sweating to the water supply circuit. Connections shall face upwards, be located near the left end of the beam (when viewing into the primary air connection spigot and shall be at least 1½‖ long to facilitate field connection (by others).

9) Beams shall be delivered clean, flushed and capped to prevent ingress of dirt.

2.03 Performance

1) All performance shall be in compliance with

that shown on the equipment schedule. Acoustical testing shall have been performed in accordance with ANSI S12.51.

2) Hydronic cooling capacities shall be

established by testing according to DIN Standard 4715. Manufacturer shall submit documentation that testing has been performed to this standard. Coils shall be rated in accordance with ARI Standard 410.

3) Primary airflow rates shall not result in supply (primary plus induced) airflow rates in excess of 80 CFM per linear foot of beam.

4) Chilled water flow rates to the beams shall be limited to that which results in a ten (10) foot head loss. Water flow velocities through the beam shall not exceed 4 FPS.

PART 3- EXECUTION

3.01 Installation 1) Coordinate the size, tagging and capacity of

the beams to their proper location. 2) Chilled beams up to six feet in length shall be

independently suspended from the structure above by a four (4) threaded rods of ⅜‖ diameter. For beams beyond six feet in length, six (6) threaded rods of ⅜‖ diameter shall be provided. The upper end of the rods shall be suspended from uni-strut channels that are a) mounted perpendicular to the beam length and b) at least four inches wider than the beam. The rods shall be fixed to factory furnished mounting brackets on the beam such that the beam can be repositioned along its length. The uni-strut channel shall allow adjustment perpendicular to the beam length. The beam shall then be positioned into the acoustical ceiling grid and leveled horizontally by adjusting the nuts connecting the threaded rods to the beam

3) Before connecting the supply water system(s) to the beams, contractor shall flush the piping system(s) to assure that all debris and other matter have been removed.

42

Chilled Beam Specifications - DID300BU

4) Contractor shall perform connection of beams to the chilled water circuit by method specified (hard connection using sweated connection or connection using flexible hoses.

5) Flexible connector hoses shall be furnished by others (optionally by the manufacturer). Hoses shall be twenty four (24) inches in length and suitable for operation with a bend radius as small as five (5) inches. Such hoses shall be 100% tested and certified for no leakage at 500 PSI. Connector hoses shall consist of a PFTE lined hose with a wire braided jacket. The hoses shall be suitable for operation in an environment between -40 and 200˚F and rated for a minimum working pressure of 2000 PSI and a bursting pressure of 8000 PSI.

6) Contractor shall assure that the chilled water supplying the beams has been properly treated in accordance to BSRIA publication AG 2/93.

7) No power or direct control connections shall be required for the operation of the chilled beam.

3.05 Cleaning and Protection

1) Protect units before, during and after

installation. Damaged material due to improper site protection shall be cause for rejection.

2) Clean equipment, repair damaged finishes as required to restore beams to as-new appearance.

DID300BU Active Chilled Beams

PART 1- GENERAL 1.05 Summary

This section describes the active chilled beams.

1.06 Submittals Submit product data for all items complete with the following information: 1) Operating weights and dimensions of all unit

assemblies. 2) Performance data, including sensible cooling

capacities, nozzle types, primary and total supply (primary plus induced) airflow rates, chilled (and where applicable hot) water flow rates, noise levels in octave bands, air and water side pressure losses and supply air throw values.

3) Construction details including manufacturers recommendations for installation, mounting and connection.

PART 2- PRODUCTS 2.01 General

Materials and products required for the work of this section shall not contain asbestos, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) or other hazardous materials identified by the engineer or owner. Approved Manufacturers: These specifications set forth the minimum requirements for the active chilled beams to be accepted for this project. Products provided by the following manufacturers will be deemed acceptable provided they meet all of the construction and performance requirements of this specification: 1. TROX

2.02 Design 1) Furnish and install TROX DID300BU series

active chilled beams of sizes, capacities and nozzle types as indicated on the drawings and within the mechanical equipment schedules. The beams shall be constructed and delivered to the job site as single units.

2) The face of the beam shall consist of a room air induction section of 50% free area perforated steel flanked by two linear supply slots. The entire visible face section shall be finished in white powder coat paint or as specified by the architect.

3) Beams shall be provided with side and end details which will allow its integration into the applicable (nominal 12 inch wide) acoustical ceiling grid as specified by the architect.

4) The beams shall consist of a minimum 22 gauge galvanized steel housing encasing the integral sensible cooling coil and a plenum feeing a series of induction nozzles. A side mounted connection spigot shall afford the connection of a five (5) inch diameter primary supply air duct to the beam. The inside and outside surfaces of the housing and inlet spigot shall be finished with black powder coat paint. The overall height of the beam shall not exceed 8½ inches.

5) Each beam shall be provided with a pressure tap (or nozzle) that may be used to measure the pressure differential between the primary air plenum and the room. An airflow calibration chart or data which relates this pressure a

43

Chilled Beam Specifications - DID300BU

differential reading with the primary and beam supply airflow rates shall also be provided by the beam manufacturer

6) (OPTIONAL) Each beam shall be furnished with a volume flow limiter for mounting in its inlet connection. This device shall allow field adjustment of a maximum primary air flow rate independent of any static pressure changes in the inlet ductwork. Volume flow limiter shall add no more than 0.15 inches H2O pressure drop to the primary air delivery system and shall not require any control or power connections.

7) Beams shall be provided with connections for either 2 or 4 pipe operation. Four pipe configurations shall require separate supply and return connections for chilled and hot water. The coils shall be mounted horizontally and shall be manufactured with seamless copper tubing (½‖ outside diameter) with minimum .016 inch wall thickness mechanically fixed to aluminum fins. The aluminum fins shall be limited to no more than eight (8) fins per inch. The beam shall have a working pressure of at least 300 PSI, be factory tested for leakage at a minimum pressure of 360 PSI. Each chilled beam shall be provided with factory integrated drain and vent fittings.

8) The chilled water coil shall be provided with ½‖ NPT male threaded fittings where specified. These fittings must be suitable for field connection to a similar (½‖ NPT) female flexible hose. If not otherwise specified, coil connections shall be bare copper for field sweating to the water supply circuit. Connections shall face upwards, be located near the left end of the beam (when viewing into the primary air connection spigot and shall be at least 1½‖ long to facilitate field connection (by others).

9) Beams shall be delivered clean, flushed and capped to prevent ingress of dirt.

2.03 Performance

1) All performance shall be in compliance with

that shown on the equipment schedule. Acoustical testing shall have been performed in accordance with ANSI S12.51.

2) Hydronic cooling capacities shall be established by testing according to DIN Standard 4715. Manufacturer shall submit documentation that testing has been performed to this standard. Coils shall be rated in accordance with ARI Standard 410.

3) Primary airflow rates shall not result in supply (primary plus induced) airflow rates in excess of 80 CFM per linear foot of beam.

4) Chilled water flow rates to the beams shall be limited to that which results in a ten (10) foot head loss. Water flow velocities through the beam shall not exceed 4 FPS.

PART 3- EXECUTION 3.02 Installation

1) Coordinate the size, tagging and capacity of

the beams to their proper location. 2) Chilled beams up to six feet in length shall be

independently suspended from the structure above by a four (4) threaded rods of ⅜‖ diameter. For beams beyond six feet in length, six (6) threaded rods of ⅜‖ diameter shall be provided. The upper end of the rods shall be suspended from uni-strut channels that are a) mounted perpendicular to the beam length and b) at least four inches wider than the beam. The rods shall be fixed to factory furnished mounting brackets on the beam such that the beam can be repositioned along its length. The uni-strut channel shall allow adjustment perpendicular to the beam length. The beam shall then be positioned into the acoustical ceiling grid and leveled horizontally by adjusting the nuts connecting the threaded rods to the beam

3) Before connecting the supply water system(s) to the beams, contractor shall flush the piping system(s) to assure that all debris and other matter have been removed.

4) Contractor shall perform connection of beams to the chilled water circuit by method specified (hard connection using sweated connection or connection using flexible hoses.

5) Flexible connector hoses shall be furnished by others (optionally by the manufacturer). Hoses shall be twenty four (24) inches in length and suitable for operation with a bend radius as small as five (5) inches. Such hoses shall be 100% tested and certified for no leakage at 500 PSI. Connector hoses shall consist of a PFTE lined hose with a wire braided jacket. The hoses shall be suitable for operation in an environment between -40 and 200˚F and rated for a minimum working pressure of 2000 PSI and a bursting pressure of 8000 PSI.

6) Contractor shall assure that the chilled water supplying the beams has been properly treated in accordance to BSRIA publication AG 2/93.

7) No power or direct control connections shall be required for the operation of the chilled beam.

3.06 Cleaning and Protection

44

Chilled Beam Specifications - DID600BU

1) Protect units before, during and after installation. Damaged material due to improper site protection shall be cause for rejection.

1) Clean equipment, repair damaged finishes as required to restore beams to as-new appearance.

DID600BU Active Chilled Beams PART 1- GENERAL

1.07 Summary

This section describes the active chilled beams.

1.08 Submittals Submit product data for all items complete with the following information:

1) Operating weights and dimensions of all unit assemblies.

2) Performance data, including sensible and latent cooling capacities, nozzle types, primary and total supply (primary plus induced) airflow rates, chilled (and where applicable hot) water flow rates, noise levels in octave bands, air and water side pressure losses and supply air throw values.

3) Cons t ruc t i on de ta i l s i nc lud ing manufacturers recommendations for installation, mounting and connection.

PART 2- PRODUCTS

2.01 General

Materials and products required for the work of this section shall not contain asbestos, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) or other hazardous materials identified by the engineer or owner. Approved Manufacturers: These specifications set forth the minimum requirements for the active chilled beams to be accepted for this project. Products provided by the following manufacturers will be deemed acceptable provided they meet all of the construction and performance requirements of this specification: 1. TROX

2.02 Design 1) Furnish and install TROX DID600BU series

active chilled beams of sizes, capacities and nozzle types as indicated on the drawings and

within the mechanical equipment schedules. The beams shall be constructed and delivered to the job site as single units.

2) The face of the beam shall consist of a room air induction section of 50% free area perforated steel flanked by two linear supply slots. The entire visible face section shall be finished in white powder coat paint or as specified by the architect.

3) Beams shall be provided with side and end details which will allow its integration into the applicable (nominal 24 inch wide) acoustical ceiling grid as specified by the architect.

4) The beams shall consist of a minimum 22 guage galvanized steel housing encasing the integral sensible cooling coil and a plenum feeing a series of induction nozzles. A side mounted connection spigot shall afford the connection of a five (5) inch diameter primary supply air duct to the beam. The inside and outside surfaces of the housing and inlet spigot shall be finished with black powder coat paint. The overall height of the beam shall not exceed 8½ inches.

5) Each beam shall be provided with a pressure tap (or nozzle) that may be used to measure the pressure differential between the primary air plenum and the room. An airflow calibration chart or data which relates this pressure differential reading with the primary and beam supply airflow rates shall also be provided by the beam manufacturer

6) (OPTIONAL) Each beam shall be furnished with a volume flow limiter for mounting in its inlet connection. This device shall allow field adjustment of a maximum primary air flow rate independent of any static pressure changes in the inlet ductwork. Volume flow limiter shall add no more than 0.15 inches H2O pressure drop to the primary air delivery system and shall not require any control or power connections.

7) Beams shall be provided with connections for either 2 or 4 pipe operation. Four pipe configurations shall require separate supply and return connections for chilled and hot water. The coils shall be mounted horizontally and shall be manufactured with seamless copper tubing (½‖ outside diameter) with minimum .016 inch wall thickness mechanically fixed to aluminum fins. The aluminum fins shall be limited to no more than eight (8) fins per inch. The beam shall have a working pressure of at least 300 PSI, be factory tested for leakage at a minimum pressure of 360 PSI. Each chilled beam shall be provided with factory integrated drain and vent fittings.

45

8) The chilled water coil shall be provided with ½‖ NPT male threaded fittings where specified. These fittings must be suitable for field connection to a similar (½‖ NPT) female flexible hose. If not otherwise specified, coil connections shall be bare copper for field sweating to the water supply circuit. Connections shall face upwards, be located near the left end of the beam (when viewing into the primary air connection spigot and shall be at least 1½‖ long to facilitate field connection (by others).

9) Beams shall be delivered clean, flushed and capped to prevent ingress of dirt.

2.03 Performance

5) All performance shall be in compliance with

that shown on the equipment schedule. Acoustical testing shall have been performed in accordance with ANSI S12.51.

1) Hydronic cooling capacities shall be established by testing according to DIN Standard 4715. Manufacturer shall submit documentation that testing has been performed to this standard. Coils shall be rated in accordance with ARI Standard 410.

2) Primary airflow rates shall not result in supply (primary plus induced) airflow rates in excess of 80 CFM per linear foot of beam.

3) Chilled water flow rates to the beams shall be limited to that which results in a ten (10) foot head loss. Water flow velocities through the beam shall not exceed 4 FPS.

PART 3- EXECUTION 3.02 Installation

1) Coordinate the size, tagging and capacity of

the beams to their proper location. 2) Chilled beams up to six feet in length shall be

independently suspended from the structure above by a four (4) threaded rods of ⅜‖ diameter. For beams beyond six feet in length, six (6) threaded rods of ⅜‖ diameter shall be provided. The upper end of the rods shall be suspended from uni-strut channels that are a) mounted perpendicular to the beam length and b) at least four inches wider than the beam. The rods shall be fixed to factory furnished mounting brackets on the beam such that the beam can be repositioned along its length. The uni-strut channel shall allow adjustment perpendicular to the beam length. The beam shall then be positioned into the acoustical ceiling grid and leveled horizontally a

by adjusting the nuts connecting the threaded rods to the beam

3) Before connecting the supply water system(s) to the beams, contractor shall flush the piping system(s) to assure that all debris and other matter have been removed.

4) Contractor shall perform connection of beams to the chilled water circuit by method specified (hard connection using sweated connection or connection using flexible hoses.

5) Flexible connector hoses shall be furnished by others (optionally by the manufacturer). Hoses shall be twenty four (24) inches in length and suitable for operation with a bend radius as small as five (5) inches. Such hoses shall be 100% tested and certified for no leakage at 500 PSI. Connector hoses shall consist of a PFTE lined hose with a wire braided jacket. The hoses shall be suitable for operation in an environment between -40 and 200˚F and rated for a minimum working pressure of 2000 PSI and a bursting pressure of 8000 PSI.

6) Contractor shall assure that the chilled water supplying the beams has been properly treated in accordance to BSRIA publication AG 2/93.

7) No power or direct control connections shall be required for the operation of the chilled beam.

3.07 Cleaning and Protection

1) Protect units before, during and after

installation. Damaged material due to improper site protection shall be cause for rejection.

2) Clean equipment, repair damaged finishes as required to restore beams to as-new appearance.

ACTIVE BEAM PERFORMANCE DATA

The diagrams that follow detail the performance of the DID300U, DID600U, DID300BU and DID600BU beams discussed in this document. TROX USA also offers performance tables for each of these products for those who prefer that form of data presentation. TROX also offers designers Excel™ based selection programs for these products. Contact TROX USA or your local TROX representative for information regarding the data tables and/or selection programs.

Chilled Beam Specifications - DID600BU

46

DID300U - Cooling Performance - 2 pipe

Performance Parameter1200 (4) 1800 (6)1500 (5) 2400 (8)

Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet)

Multiply by 1.04 No CorrectionMultiply by 1.02 Multiply by 0.95

-8 No Correction-3 +2

Multiply by 0.75 No CorrectionMultiply by 0.90 Multiply by 1.02

Sensible Cooling (BTUH/LF)

Noise Level (NC)

Primary Air Pressure Drop

Chilled Water Flow Rate See Figure 35 for Correction Factor FCWS

Chilled Water Pressure Loss See Figure 37

Corrections for Other DID300U Beam Lengths

Sensib

le C

oolin

g C

apacity,

BT

UH

/LF

1200

1000

900

800

700

600

500

1100

1300

400

300

Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF

4.0 6.0 16.0 26.010.08.0 20.018.012.0 14.0 22.0 24.0

200

2.0

100 PR

IMA

RY

AIR

CO

OL

ING

SE

CO

ND

AR

Y (

WA

TE

R)

CO

OL

ING

TO

TA

L S

EN

SIB

LE

CO

OL

ING

TROOM - TCWS

20˚F

18˚F

14˚F

12˚F

TROOM - TCWS

20˚F

18˚F

16˚F

14˚F

12˚F

"A"

NOZZLES

TROOM - TCWS

20 25

0.4" 0.6" 0.8"

15NC

0.2"

30

0.4" 0.5" 0.9"

NC 2520 30 35

0.3"

15

0.2" 0.7"

NC

0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8"

2520 35

0.2"

30 40

"C"

NOZZLES

"B"

NOZZLES

20˚F

18˚F

16˚F

14˚F

12˚F

Chart is based on DID300U/1800

(2 Pipe) with a 20˚F temperature

differential between room and

primary air and a water flow rate

of 1.4 GPM. For other lengths,

see correction factors below.

Airflow ranges are limited to that

which will not exceed either NC40

(assuming 10dB room

absorption) or a 1.0 inch inlet

static pressure.

16˚F

3

Figure 32: DID300U (2 Pipe) Cooling Capacity and Performance

47

DID300U - Cooling Performance - 4 pipe

Performance Parameter1200 (4) 1800 (6)1500 (5) 2400 (8)

Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet)

Multiply by 1.04 No CorrectionMultiply by 1.02 Multiply by 0.95

-8 No Correction-3 +2

Multiply by 0.75 No CorrectionMultiply by 0.90 Multiply by 1.02

Sensible Cooling (BTUH/LF)

Noise Level (NC)

Primary Air Pressure Drop

Chilled Water Flow Rate See Figure 35 for Correction Factor FCWS

Chilled Water Pressure Loss See Figure 37

Corrections for Other DID300U Beam Lengths

Sensib

le C

oolin

g C

apacity,

BT

UH

/LF

1200

1000

900

800

700

600

500

1100

1300

400

300

Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF

4.0 6.0 16.0 26.010.08.0 20.018.012.0 14.0 22.0 24.0

200

2.0

100 PR

IMA

RY

AIR

CO

OL

ING

SE

CO

ND

AR

Y (

WA

TE

R)

CO

OL

ING

TO

TA

L S

EN

SIB

LE

CO

OL

ING

TROOM - TCWS

TROOM - TCWS

TROOM - TCWS

20 25

0.4" 0.6" 0.8"

15NC

0.2"

30

0.4" 0.5" 0.9"

2520 30 35

0.3"

15

0.2" 0.7"

0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8"

25 35

0.2"

30 40

Chart is based on DID300U/1800

(4 Pipe) with a 20˚F temperature

differential between room and

primary air and a water flow rate

of 1.5 GPM. For other lengths,

see correction factors below.

Airflow ranges are limited to that

which will not exceed either NC40

(assuming 10dB room

absorption) or a 1.0 inch inlet

static pressure.

20˚F

18˚F

16˚F

14˚F

12˚F

"B"

NOZZLES

18˚F

16˚F

14˚F

12˚F

NC

NC

"C"

NOZZLES

20˚F

20˚F

18˚F

16˚F

14˚F

12˚F

"A"

NOZZLES

Figure 33: DID300U (4 Pipe) Cooling Capacity and Performance

48

DID300U - Heating Performance - 4 pipe

Performance Parameter1200 (4) 1800 (6)1500 (5) 2400 (8)

Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet)

Multiply by 1.03 No CorrectionMultiply by 1.01 Multiply by 0.98

-8 No Correction-3 +2

Multiply by 0.75 No CorrectionMultiply by 0.90 Multiply by 1.02

Net Sensible Heating (BTUH/LF)

Noise Level (NC)

Primary Air Pressure Drop

Hot Water Flow Rate See Figure 36 for Correction Factor FHWS

Hot Water Pressure Loss See Figure 38

Corrections for Other DID300U Beam Lengths

Net

Heating C

apacity,

BT

UH

/LF

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

1400

0

-200

Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF

4.0 6.0 16.0 26.010.08.0 20.018.012.0 14.0 22.0 24.0

-400

2.0

-600

TO

TA

L S

EC

ON

DA

RY

H

EA

TIN

G

0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8"

25 35

0.2"

30 40NC

0.4" 0.5" 0.9"0.3"0.2" 0.7"

2520 30 3515NC

NC 20 25

0.4" 0.6" 0.8"

15

0.2"

30

NE

T S

EN

SIB

LE

HE

AT

ING

THWS - TROOM

100˚F

90˚F

80˚F

70˚F

60˚F

85˚F

75˚F

65˚F

55˚F

45˚F

THWS - TROOM

75˚F

65˚F

55˚F

45˚F

35˚F

PRIMARY AIR COOLING

"B"

NOZZLES

"A"

NOZZLES

"C"

NOZZLES

Chart is based on DID300U/1800 (4 Pipe)

with a 15˚F temperature differential

between room and primary air and a water

flow rate of 1.5 GPM. For other lengths,

see correction factors below.

Airflow ranges are limited to that which will

not exceed either NC40 (assuming 10dB

room absorption) or a 1.0 inch inlet static

pressure.

THWS - TROOM

1600

Figure 34: DID300U (4 Pipe) Heating Capacity and Performance

49

DID - Water Flow Rate

Chilled Water Flow Rate, % Maximum Recommended Rate

1.00

Ch

ille

d W

ate

r P

erf

orm

an

ce

Fa

cto

r (F

CW

S)

0.95

0.90

0.85

0.80

0.75

0.70

0.65

0.60

30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 1002520

DID600U Series

DIDBU600 Series

DID300U Series

DID300BU Series

0.55

Hot Water Flow Rate, % Maximum Recommended Rate

1.00

0.95

0.90

0.85

0.80

0.75

0.70

0.65

0.60

30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 1002520

0.55

Ho

t W

ate

r P

erf

orm

an

ce

Fa

cto

r (F

HW

S)

DID600U Series

DID300BU Series

DID600BU Series

DID300U Series

4

Figure 35: Active Chilled Beam Chilled Water Flow Rate Determination

Figure 36: Active Chilled Beam Hot Water Flow Rate Determination

50

DID300U - Water Pressure Loss

Water Flow Rate (GPM)

10.0

9.0

8.0

7.0

6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

Ch

ille

d W

ate

r P

res

su

re D

rop

(F

T H

2O

)

0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50

1.0

DID300U/1200

(2 Pipe)

Max. GPM = 1.50

DID300U/1500

(4 Pipe)

Max. GPM = 1.50

DID300U/2400

(2 Pipe)

Max. GPM = 1.50

DID300U/1800

(2 Pipe)

Max. GPM = 1.50

DID300U/1200

(4 Pipe)

Max. GPM = 1.50

DID300U/1500

(2 Pipe)

Max. GPM = 1.50

DID300U/1800

(4 Pipe)

Max. GPM = 1.50

DID300U/2400

(4 Pipe)

Max. GPM = 1.50

Se

lec

tio

n f

or

De

sig

n W

ate

r F

low

Ra

tes

Le

ss

tha

n 0

.3 G

PM

is

No

t R

ec

om

me

nd

ed

Water Flow Rate (GPM)

5.0

4.5

4.0

3.5

3.0

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

Ho

t W

ate

r P

res

su

re D

rop

(F

T H

2O

)

0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50

0.5 DID300U/1500

(4 Pipe)

Max. GPM = 1.50

DID300U/1200

(4 Pipe)

Max. GPM = 1.50

DID300U/1800

(4 Pipe)

Max. GPM = 1.50

DID300U/2400

(4 Pipe)

Max. GPM = 1.50

Se

lec

tio

n f

or

De

sig

n W

ate

r F

low

Ra

tes

Le

ss

tha

n 0

.3 G

PM

is

No

t R

ec

om

me

nd

ed

Figure 38: DID300U Hot Water Pressure Loss

Figure 37: DID300U Chilled Water Pressure Loss

51

DID600U - Cooling Performance - 4 pipe S

ensib

le C

oolin

g C

apacity,

BT

UH

/LF

1200

1000

900

800

700

600

500

1100

1300

400

300

Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF

4.0 6.0 16.0 26.010.08.0 20.018.012.0 14.0 22.0 24.0

200

2.0

100

NC

0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9"

25 3020 35 38

0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"

NC 2015 25 30 34

20 25

1.0"0.3" 0.5"0.7"

15NC

"A"

NOZZLES

"B"

NOZZLES

"C"

NOZZLES

TROOM - TCWS

20˚F

18˚F

16˚F

14˚F

12˚F

TROOM - TCWS

20˚F

18˚F

16˚F

14˚F

12˚F

TROOM - TCWS

20˚F

18˚F

16˚F

14˚F

12˚F

PR

IMA

RY

AIR

CO

OL

ING

SE

CO

ND

AR

Y (

WA

TE

R)

CO

OL

ING

TO

TA

L S

EN

SIB

LE

CO

OL

ING

Performance Parameter1200 (4) 1800 (6)1500 (5) 2400 (8)

Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet)

Multiply by 1.03 No CorrectionMultiply by 1.02 Multiply by 0.93

-4 No Correction-2 +2

Multiply by 0.87 No CorrectionMultiply by 0.90 Multiply by 1.05

Sensible Cooling (BTUH/LF)

Noise Level (NC)

Primary Air Pressure Drop

Chilled Water Flow Rate See Figure 35 for Correction Factor FCWS

Chilled Water Pressure Loss See Figure 41

Corrections for Other DID600U Beam Lengths

Chart is based on DID600U/1800 with a 20˚F

temperature differential between room and primary air

and a water flow rate of 1.4 GPM. For other lengths, see

correction factors below.

Airflow ranges are limited to that which will not exceed

either NC40 (assuming 10dB room absorption) or a 1.0

inch inlet static pressure.

5

Figure 39: DID600U (4 Pipe) Cooling Capacity and Performance

52

DID600U - Heating Performance - 4 pipe

Performance Parameter1200 (4) 1800 (6)1500 (5) 2400 (8)

Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet)

Multiply by 1.04 No CorrectionMultiply by 1.02 Multiply by 0.86

-4 No Correction-2 +2

Multiply by 0.87 No CorrectionMultiply by 0.90 Multiply by 1.05

Net Sensible Heating (BTUH/LF)

Noise Level (NC)

Primary Air Pressure Drop

Hot Water Flow Rate See Figure 36 for Correction Factor FHWS

Hot Water Pressure Loss See Figure 42

Corrections for Other DID600U Beam Lengths

Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF

Net

Heating C

apacity,

BT

UH

/LF

1600

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

1400

0

-200

-400

-600

4.0 6.0 16.0 26.010.08.0 20.018.012.0 14.0 22.0 24.02.0

TO

TA

L S

EC

ON

DA

RY

HE

AT

ING

0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9"

NC 25 3020 35 38

0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"

NC 2015 25 30 34

20 25

1.0"0.3" 0.5"0.7"

15NC

NE

T S

EN

SIB

LE

HE

AT

ING

60˚F

50˚F

40˚F

30˚F

45˚F

35˚F

25˚F

55˚F

45˚F

35˚F

25˚F

PRIMARY AIR COOLING

55˚F

65˚F

70˚F

"C"

NOZZLES"B"

NOZZLES"A"

NOZZLES

Chart is based on DID600U/1800 (4

Pipe) with a 15˚F temperature

differential between room and primary

air and a water flow rate of 1.5 GPM.

For other lengths, see correction

factors below. Airflow ranges are limited to that which

will not exceed either NC40 (assuming

10dB room absorption) or a 1.0 inch

inlet static pressure.

THWS - TROOM

THWS - TROOM

THWS - TROOM

Figure 40: DID600U (4 Pipe) Heating Capacity and Performance

53

DID600U - Water Pressure Loss

Water Flow Rate (GPM)

10.0

9.0

8.0

7.0

6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

Ch

ille

d W

ate

r P

res

su

re D

rop

(F

T H

2O

)

0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50

1.0

DID600U/1200

Max. GPM = 1.50

DID600U/1500

Max. GPM = 1.50

DID600U/2400

Max. GPM = 1.25

DID600U/1800

Max. GPM = 1.40

Se

lec

tio

n f

or

De

sig

n W

ate

r F

low

Ra

tes

Le

ss

tha

n 0

.3 G

PM

is

No

t R

ec

om

me

nd

ed

Water Flow Rate (GPM)

5.0

4.5

4.0

3.5

3.0

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

Ho

t W

ate

r P

res

su

re D

rop

(F

T H

2O

)

0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50

0.5

DID600U/1500

(4 Pipe)

Max. GPM = 1.50

DID600U/1200

(4 Pipe)

Max. GPM = 1.50

DID600U/1800

(4 Pipe)

Max. GPM = 1.50

DID600U/2400

(4 Pipe)

Max. GPM = 1.50

Se

lec

tio

n f

or

De

sig

n W

ate

r F

low

Ra

tes

Le

ss

tha

n 0

.3 G

PM

is

No

t R

ec

om

me

nd

ed

Figure 42: DID600U (4 Pipe) Hot Water Pressure Loss

Figure 41: DID600U (4 Pipe) Chilled Water Pressure Drop

54

DID300BU - Cooling Performance

Performance Parameter1200 (4) 1800 (6)1500 (5) 2400 (8)

Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet)

Multiply by 1.02 No CorrectionMultiply by 1.01 Multiply by 0.96

-7 No Correction-3 +3

Multiply by1.04 No CorrectionMultiply by 1.01 Multiply by 0.99

Sensible Cooling (BTUH/LF)

Noise Level (NC)

Primary Air Pressure Drop

Chilled Water Flow Rate See Figure 35 for Correction Factor FCWS

Chilled Water Pressure Loss See Figure 45

Corrections for Other DID300BU Beam Lengths

Sensib

le C

oolin

g C

apacity,

BT

UH

/LF

Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF

1200

1000

900

800

700

600

500

1100

1300

400

300

4.0 6.0 16.0 26.010.08.0 20.018.012.0 14.0 22.0 24.0

200

2.0

100

PR

IMA

RY

AIR

CO

OL

ING

SE

CO

ND

AR

Y (

WA

TE

R)

CO

OL

ING

TO

TA

L S

EN

SIB

LE

CO

OL

ING

"G"

NOZZLES

TROOM - TCWS

18˚F

16˚F

14˚F

12˚F

20˚F

"M"

NOZZLES

TROOM - TCWS

18˚F

16˚F

14˚F

12˚F

20˚F

Chart is based on

DID300BU/1800 with a 20˚F

temperature differential between

room and primary air and a water

flow rate of 1.50 GPM. For other

lengths, see correction factors

below.

Airflow ranges are limited to that

which will not exceed either

NC40 (assuming 10dB room

absorption) or a 1.0 inch inlet

static pressure.

0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9" 1.0"

NC 15 20 25 30 35 40

0.2" 0.3" 0.5" 0.7" 1.0"

NC 3015 332520

Figure 43: DID300BU Cooling Capacity and Performance

55

DID300BU - Heating Performance

Performance Parameter1200 (4) 1800 (6)1500 (5) 2400 (8)

Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet)

Multiply by 1.02 No CorrectionMultiply by 1.01 Multiply by 0.97

-7 No Correction-3 +3

Multiply by 1.04 No CorrectionMultiply by 1.01 Multiply by 0.99

Net Sensible Heating (BTUH/LF)

Noise Level (NC)

Primary Air Pressure Drop

Hot Water Flow Rate See Figure 36 for Correction Factor FHWS

Hot Water Pressure Loss See Figure 46

Corrections for Other DID300BU Beam Lengths

Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF

1600

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

1400

1800

0

-200

4.0 6.0 16.0 26.010.08.0 20.018.012.0 14.0 22.0 24.0

-400

2.0

-600

2000

NE

T S

EN

SIB

LE

HE

AT

ING

TO

TA

L S

EC

ON

DA

RY

HE

AT

ING

0.2" 0.3" 0.5" 0.7" 1.0"

NC 3015 332520

0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9" 1.0"

NC 15 20 25 30 35 40

Chart is based on DID300BU/1800 (4

Pipe) with a 15˚F temperature

differential between room and primary

air and a water flow rate of 1.5 GPM.

For other lengths, see correction

factors below.

Airflow ranges are limited to that which

will not exceed either NC40 (assuming

10dB room absorption) or a 1.0 inch

inlet static pressure.

170˚F

140˚F

160˚F

150˚F

140˚F

130˚F

120˚F130˚F

120˚F

110˚F

100˚F

PRIMARY AIR COOLING

"M"

NOZZLES

THWS - TROOM

THWS - TROOM

"G"

NOZZLES

Figure 44: DID300BU Heating Capacity and Performance

56

DID300BU - Water Pressure Loss

Water Flow Rate (GPM)

10.0

9.0

8.0

7.0

6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

Ch

ille

d W

ate

r P

res

su

re D

rop

(F

T H

2O

)

0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50

1.0DID300BU/1200

Max. GPM = 1.50

DID300BU/1500

Max. GPM = 1.50

DID300BU/2400

Max. GPM = 1.50

DID300BU/1800

Max. GPM = 1.50

Se

lec

tio

n f

or

De

sig

n W

ate

r F

low

Ra

tes

Le

ss

tha

n 0

.3 G

PM

is

No

t R

ec

om

me

nd

ed

Water Flow Rate (GPM)

5.0

4.5

4.0

3.5

3.0

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

Ho

t W

ate

r P

res

su

re D

rop

(F

T H

2O

)

0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50

0.5

DID300BU/1200

(4 Pipe)

Max. GPM = 1.50

DID300BU/1800

(4 Pipe)

Max. GPM = 1.50

DID300BU/2400

(4 Pipe)

Max. GPM = 1.50

Se

lec

tio

n f

or

De

sig

n W

ate

r F

low

Ra

tes

Le

ss

tha

n 0

.3 G

PM

is

No

t R

ec

om

me

nd

ed

DID300BU/1500

(4 Pipe)

Max. GPM = 1.50

Figure 46: DID300BU (4 Pipe) Hot Water Pressure Loss

Figure 45: DID300BU (2 and 4 Pipe) Chilled Water Pressure Loss

57

DID600BU - Cooling Performance

Performance Parameter1200 (4) 1800 (6)1500 (5) 2400 (8)

Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet)

Multiply by 1.03 No CorrectionMultiply by 1.02 Multiply by 0.98

-6 No Correction-2 +3

Multiply by 0.96 No CorrectionMultiply by 0.97 Multiply by 1.04

Sensible Cooling (BTUH/LF)

Noise Level (NC)

Primary Air Pressure Drop

Chilled Water Flow Rate See Figure 35 for Correction Factor FCWS

Chilled Water Pressure Loss See Figure 49

Corrections for Other DID600BU Beam Lengths

Sensib

le C

oolin

g C

apacity,

BT

UH

/LF

1200

1000

900

800

700

600

500

1100

1300

400

300

Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF

4.0 6.0 16.0 26.010.08.0 20.018.012.0 14.0 22.0 24.0

200

2.0

100

Chart is based on

DID600BU/1800 with a 20˚F

temperature differential between

room and primary air and a water

flow rate of 1.35 GPM. For other

lengths, see correction factors

below.

Airflow ranges are limited to that

which will not exceed either

NC40 (assuming 10dB room

absorption) or a 1.0 inch inlet

static pressure.

PR

IMA

RY

AIR

CO

OL

ING

SE

CO

ND

AR

Y (

WA

TE

R)

CO

OL

ING

TO

TA

L S

EN

SIB

LE

CO

OL

ING

"G"

NOZZLES

20˚F

16˚F

14˚F

12˚F

18˚F

TROOM - TCWS

18˚F

16˚F

14˚F

12˚F

20˚F

"M"

NOZZLES

0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9" 1.0"

20 25 3530 3915NC

0.2" 0.3"0.4" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"

15 20 25 30NC

TROOM - TCWS

4

4

Figure 47: DID600BU (2 or 4 Pipe) Cooling Capacity and Performance

58

DID600BU - Heating Performance

Performance Parameter1200 (4) 1800 (6)1500 (5) 2400 (8)

Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet)

Multiply by 1.02 No CorrectionMultiply by 1.01 Multiply by 0.97

-6 No Correction-2 +3

Multiply by 0.96 No CorrectionMultiply by 0.97 Multiply by 1.04

Net Sensible Heating (BTUH/LF)

Noise Level (NC)

Primary Air Pressure Drop

Hot Water Flow Rate See Figure 36 for Correction Factor FHWS

Hot Water Pressure Loss See Figure 50

Corrections for Other DID600BU Beam Lengths

Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF

1600

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

1400

1800

0

-200

4.0 6.0 16.0 26.010.08.0 20.018.012.0 14.0 22.0 24.0

-400

2.0

-600

2000

NE

T S

EN

SIB

LE

HE

AT

ING

TO

TA

L S

EC

ON

DA

RY

S

EN

SIB

LE

HE

AT

ING

Chart is based on DID600BU/1800 (4

Pipe) with a 15˚F temperature

differential between room and primary

air and a water flow rate of 1.5 GPM.

For other lengths, see correction

factors below. Airflow ranges are limited to that which

will not exceed either NC40 (assuming

10dB room absorption) or a 1.0 inch

inlet static pressure.

THWS - TROOM

0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9" 1.0"

20 25 3530 3915NC

0.2" 0.3"0.4" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"

15 20 25 30NC

"G"

NOZZLES

50˚F

60˚F

70˚F

50˚F

40˚F

30˚F

THWS - TROOM

"M"

NOZZLES

60˚F

80˚F

PRIMARY AIR COOLING

40˚F

4

Figure 47: DID600BU Heating Capacity and Performance

59

DID600BU - Water Pressure Loss

Water Flow Rate (GPM)

10.0

9.0

8.0

7.0

6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

Ch

ille

d W

ate

r P

res

su

re D

rop

(F

T H

2O

)

0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50

1.0

DID600BU/1200

Max. GPM = 1.50

DID600BU/1500

Max. GPM = 1.45

DID600BU/2400

Max. GPM = 1.20

DID600BU/1800

Max. GPM = 1.35

Se

lec

tio

n f

or

De

sig

n W

ate

r F

low

Ra

tes

Le

ss

tha

n 0

.3 G

PM

is

No

t R

ec

om

me

nd

ed

Water Flow Rate (GPM)

5.0

4.5

4.0

3.5

3.0

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

Ho

t W

ate

r P

res

su

re D

rop

(F

T H

2O

)

0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50

0.5

DID600BU/1200

(4 Pipe)

Max. GPM = 1.50

DID600BU/1800

(4 Pipe)

Max. GPM = 1.50

DID600BU/2400

(4 Pipe)

Max. GPM = 1.50

Se

lec

tio

n f

or

De

sig

n W

ate

r F

low

Ra

tes

Le

ss

tha

n 0

.3 G

PM

is

No

t R

ec

om

me

nd

ed

DID600BU/1500

(4 Pipe)

Max. GPM = 1.50

4

Figure 49: DID600BU (2 or 4 Pipe) Chilled Water Pressure Loss

Figure 50: DID600BU (4 Pipe) Hot Water Pressure Loss

60

In North America Trox USA, Inc. 926 Curie Drive Alpharetta Georgia USA 30005 Telephone: (770) 569-1433 Telefax: (770) 569-1435 e-mail: sales@troxusa.com www.troxusa.com

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