tsc seminar 1

TOTAL SANITATION CAMPAIGN(TSC)

--Dr.Meely Panda Dept. of community medicine

OUTLINE WHAT IS SANITATION?WHY SANITATION?BACKGROUNDOBJECTIVES &

STRATEGIESCOMPONENTSIMPLEMENTATIONPROJECT FUNDING

SCENARIOINSPECTION &

MAINTAINANCEASSOCIATIONS &

ANALYSISACHIEVEMENTS

WHAT IS SANITATION ?

Sanitation is the hygienic means of promoting health through prevention of human contact with the hazards of wastes. Wastes that can cause health problems are

human and animal feces, solid wastes, domestic wastewater , industrial wastes and

agricultural wastes. Hygienic means of prevention can be by using engineering

solutions, simple technologies, or even by personal hygiene practices.

WHAT IS SANITATION ?

"Sanitation generally refers to the provision of facilities and services for the safe disposal

of human urine and feces. It also refers to the maintenance of hygienic conditions,

through services such as garbage collection and wastewater disposal

WHO DEFINITION…

WHY SANITATION???WORLDWIDE 3.4

MILLION PEOPLE DIE DUE TO WATER

RELATED DISEASES2.2 MILLION DIE EACH YEAR DUE TO DIARRHOEAL

DISEASES ALONE

SOUTH EAST ASIAN

REGION ACCOUNTS FOR 43%

IN INDIA ABOUT ONE MILLION

DIE EVERY YEAR

6.6% OF ALL DEATHS AND 7.2%

OF DALYs ARE LOST DUE TO DIARRHOEAL

DISEASES

DEATH DUE TO INFECTIOUS DISEASES

10%

24%

19%

19%

15%

13%

TB

Respiratory

Maternal,perinatal,nutrition

Water Related

HIV

CHILD MORTALITY ASSOCIATED WITH SANITATION

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

100 98

65 60

3545 40

25

62

25 30

65

100 105

120 120 122

135

%PO

P W

ITH

SAN

ITAT

ION

SEAR COUNTRIES

EFFECTS OF LACK OF SANITATION




MAINTENANCEASSOCIATIONS &


Background OF TSC A comprehensive programme to ensure sanitation facilities in

rural areas. As a part of reform principles (1999) in which Central Rural

Sanitation Programme was restructured making it demand

driven and people centered. It follows a principle of “low to no subsidy” where a nominal

subsidy in the form of incentive is given to rural poor

households for construction of toilets.

Background OF TSC Strong emphasis on

Information, Education and Communication (IEC), Capacity Building and Hygiene Education for effective behaviour change

with involvement of PRIs, CBOs, and NGOs etc.

The key intervention areas are Individual household latrines (IHHL), School Sanitation and Hygiene Education (SSHE), Community Sanitary Complex, Anganwadi toilets supported by Rural Sanitary Marts (RSMs) and Production

Centers (PCs).

background The main goal of the programme is to eradicate the practice of

open defecation by 2012. To give fillip to this endeavor, GOI has launched Nirmal Gram

Puraskar to recognize the efforts in terms of cash awards for

fully covered PRIs and those individuals and institutions who

have contributed significantly in ensuring full sanitation

coverage in their area of operation.

OBJECTIVES

STRATEGIES The strategy is to make the Programme 'community led' and

'people centered'. A "demand driven approach" is to be adopted with increased

emphasis on awareness creation and demand generation for

sanitary facilities in houses, schools and for cleaner environment. Alternate delivery mechanisms would be adopted to meet the

community needs. Rural School Sanitation is a major component

STRATEGIESand an entry point for wider acceptance of sanitation by the

rural people. Subsidy for individual household latrine units has been replaced

by incentive to the poorest of the poor households. Improvisations to meet the customer preferences and location

specific intensive IEC Campaign involving Panchayati Raj

Institutions, Co-operatives, Women Groups, Self Help Groups,

NGOs etc. are also important components of the Strategy.

COMPONENTS(a) Start-Up Activities & IEC activitiesb)Solid & liquid waste management(c) Rural Sanitary Marts and Production Centersd)Community sanitary complex(e) Construction of Individual Household & institutional latrines

Start-up Activities

Includes conducting

Baseline Survey (BLS)

Project Implementation Plan (PIP),

Initial orientation and training of key programme

managers at the district level.

IEC ACTIVITIES Should be area specific and should also involve all

sections of the rural population. Mass media campaign should be taken up only at the

national and state level and not at the district level. At district level, focus should be on inter-personal communication, use of folk media and also outdoor media like wall painting & hoarding

Each project district should prepare a detailed IEC Annual

Action Plan by February of the preceding financial year, with defined strategies to reach all sections of the community.

Rural Sanitary Marts and Production Centers The Rural Sanitary Mart is an outlet dealing with the material,

hardware and designs required for the construction of not only sanitary latrines but also other sanitary facilities, such as soakage and compost pits, washing platforms, certified domestic water filters and other sanitation & hygiene accessories required for individuals, families and the environment in the rural areas.

Commercial venture with a social objective with main aim of providing materials and guidance

Production Centers are the means to improve production of cost effective affordable sanitary materials.

Construction of Individual Household Latrines

A duly completed household sanitary latrine shall comprise of a

Basic Low Cost Unit with a super structure The construction of household toilets should be undertaken by the

Below poverty line household itself and on completion and use of

the toilet by the BPL household, the cash incentive can be given in

recognition of its achievement.

Institutional Toilets in all types of Government Schools and

Anganwadis should be constructed with emphasis on toilets for

Girls.

INSTITUTIONAL TOILETS

Funding for School Sanitation is provided by the Centre and State in

the ratio of 70:30. The Central assistance per unit will be restricted

to Rs.14,000/- for a unit cost of Rs.20,000/-

In order to change the behaviour of the children from very early

stage in life, it is essential that Anganwadis are used as a platform of

behaviour change of the children as well as the mothers attending the

Anganwadis.

Central assisstance for anganwadis is Rs 3000 for a unit of Rs 5000

INCENTIVE PATTERN OF IHHL

Basic low cost unit cost

Percentage contributionGOI STATE HOUSEHOLD

BPL APL BPL APL BPL APL

Model 1: Upto Rs. 1500 (including superstructure)

60 NIL 20 NIL 20 100

Model 2: Between Rs. 1500/- and Rs. 2000/-

30 NIL 30 NIL 40 100

Above Rs.2000/- NIL NIL NIL NIL 100 100

Community Sanitary Complex

Community Sanitary Complex is an important component of the TSC.

These Complexes, comprising an appropriate number of toilet seats, bathing cubicles, washing platforms, Wash basins etc, can be set up in a place in the village acceptable to women/men/ landless families and accessible to them

The maintenance of such complexes is very essential for which Gram Panchayat should own the ultimate responsibility or make alternative arrangements .

IMPLEMENTATION Total Sanitation Campaign requires large scale social

mobilization& so its implementation at the District level should be done by the Zilla Panchayat. However, in case Zilla Panchayat is not in existence, District Water and Sanitation Mission should implement the project.

At the state level, State Government should set up Communication & Capacity Development Units (CCDUs) for taking up state level HRD & IEC activities as well as monitoring of TSC Projects

In states where Water supply & sanitation are handled by two different departments, a separate CCDU may be set up, subject to the condition that officials handling water supply should be actively associated with this .

some term definitions Participatory rural appraisal(PRA) - methods

are used to bring instant change in the understanding and behaviour of the people by igniting sparks of awareness in their minds. This process is adopted to motivate community members through their own involvement and initiative to build and use latrines as well as bring positive changes in their hygiene and sanitation.

Shameful walk: A shameful walk, an adapted version of a classic “transect walk”, is the process of collectively visiting the places of open defecation by members of the community& organisations.

Faeces mobility mapping: In this exercise community members should realise how dangerous open defecation is by getting to know the five different faecal-oral contamination.

5 F DIAGRAM

Entry/ IgnitionPRA

· Defecation area transect· Defecation Mapping· Flow diagram· Calculation of faeces etc.

Community realization of

terrible impact of faecal-oral contamination

Self Empowered Committee formed

Identification of right

person in the community

Registration& daily monitoring

on mapEmphasize on

making areas ODF and their benefits. Spreading

messages about their

achievements Each of them covers 10 families

per day

Diagrammatic presentation of the process of igniting Community- Led Total Sanitation (CLTS)

Rationale to a marketing approach

Many people, including the poor, are willing to pay for good sanitation that will satisfy their requirements if the technology is packaged and marketed appropriately, and the supply

mechanism is easily accessible .

So how do we apply a marketing approach to sanitation???????

Market Research· Identify market research expertise · Establish and train the research team · Conduct consumer research · Conduct producer research

Programme objectives · Develop preliminary marketing mix (Product, Price, Place, Promotion)

Product identification &development

· Identify and develop marketable sanitation facilities & services (e.g. latrine technologies /options, latrine information service, latrine centre)

Set up supply mechanism

· Identify potential suppliers of latrines & other related services · Assess and develop their capacity to provide desired services · Identify and/or set place(s) where consumers can access the

sanitation services being marketed (eg toilet centres) · Work with the public sector to establish strategy for disposal of

sludge from toilets

Message and material development

· Identify partners with expertise for the design and development of marketing concepts

· Develop marketing concepts and creative design · Pre-test and refine creative design · Develop promotion strategy

Implement promotion campaign

· Produce promotion materials (e.g. posters, flyers, radio jingle, billboard)

· Launch a campaign (e.g. road show, launch event) · Run a promotion campaign for about 3 months

Monitor and feedback· Monitor the programme (spread/ response to the campaign, quality

of services provided etc) · Feedback and modify the programme as appropriate

NATIONAL SCHEME SANCTIONING COMMITTEE

NATIONAL SCHEME SANCTIONING COMMITTEE (NSSC) WAS CONSTITUTED TO APPROVE THE PROJECT PROPOSALS FOR THE SELECT DISTRICTS, AS RECEIVED

FROM THE STATE/UT GOVERNMENTS. THERE WILL BE SEVEN MEMBERS IN THE NSSC.

SECRETARY, DEPARTMENT OF DRINKING WATER SUPPLY, MINISTRY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT

CHAIRPERSON

ADDITIONAL SECRETARY & FINANCIAL ADVISOR, MINISTRY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT

MEMBER

FOUR NON-OFFICIAL EXPERTS IN THE FIELD OF RURAL SANITATION

MEMBERS

SECRETARY IN-CHARGE OF RURAL SANITATION OF THE STATE WHOSE PROPOSAL IS TO BE CONSIDERED

MEMBER

JOINT SECRETARY, DEPARTMENT OF DRINKING WATER SUPPLY, MINISTRY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT

MEMBER SECRETARY

ROLE OF PANCHAYATI RAJAs per the Constitution 73rd Amendment Act, 1992,

Sanitation is included in the 11th Schedule.Accordingly, Gram Panchayats have a pivotal role in the

implementation of Total Sanitation Campaign. They will carry out the social mobilization for the

construction of toilets and also maintain the clean

environment by way of safe disposal of wastes.

ROLE OF PANCHAYATI RAJ

Engage suitable NGOs for inter-personal IEC and training.

Contribute from their own resources for School Sanitation

over and above the prescribed amount. Act as the custodian of the assets such as the Community

Complexes, environmental components, drainage etc.

constructed under the TSC.

ROLE OF NGOs Actively involved in IEC activities as well as in

hardware activities.

Their services are required to be utilized not only for

bringing about awareness among the rural people for the

need of rural sanitation but also ensuring that they

actually make use of the sanitary latrines.

ROLE OF NGOs

Can open and operate Production Centers and Rural

Sanitary Marts.

May also be engaged to conduct base line surveys and

participatory rural appraisals specifically to determine key

behaviours and perceptions regarding sanitation,

hygiene, water use, etc.

Selection should be transparent

TSC GUIDELINES(PROPOSED)• Sanitation is a human right

• Draw learnings and incorporate in TSC

• Demand driven community led approach for total and sustained sanitation

• Village sanitation plan (includes prevention of contamination of water sources)

• Review for quality of construction and regular usage

• Toilet cost estimate and corresponding subsidy should also increased

COMMUNITY LED TOTAL SANITATION CAMPAIGN(CLTS)

CLTS does not identify standards or designs for latrines, but encourages local creativeness. This leads to greater ownership, affordability

and therefore sustainability.

WHAT IS COMMUNITY LED TOTAL SANITATION CAMPAIGN They are total & involve everyone in communities . Collective Community decision & collective local action are the

keys Social Solidarity and cooperation are in abundance Locally decided and don't dependent on external subsidies and

prescriptions or pressures Natural Leaders emerge from collective local actions who lead

future initiatives Don’t follow externally determined mode of development and

blue print Local diversity and innovations are main elements

Demand-led (Demand-responsive) approaches Although improved sanitation leads to improved health, people associate toilets with other benefits:

PRIVACY

LESS EMBARRASSMENT FOR VISITORS

DIGNITY!

STATUS

EASY TO USE AND MAINTAIN

SAFETY(especially for women)

LESS FLIES

AROUND COMPOUN

D

ASSETS

COMFORT & CONVENIENCE

DIFFERENCE

PROJECT FUNDING

The Table gives the

percentage

share of the allocation (i.e.

the total

approved TSC project cost) for

different

components of a TSC

Project, the

GOI/State

share and the

beneficiary

contribution

towards each components. In the

case of Union

Territories, the State share under

the TSC will be borne by the Govt.

of India

TSC FUNDING PATTERNSl

noComponent Amount

earmarked as % of the TSCproject outlay

Contribution percentage

GOI STATE BENEFICIARY

a IEC and Start Up Activity, Motivational Awareness and Educative Campaigns,Advocacy etc.

Upto 15% 80 20 o

b Alternate Delivery Mechanism (PCs/RSMs)

Up to 5% 80 20 0

c (i) Individual Latrines for BPL/ disabled house holds (ii) Community Sanitary Complexes

Actual amount required for full coverage

60 20 20

TSC FUNDING PATTERNSl no

Component Amount earmarked as % of the TSCproject outlay

Contribution percentageGOI STATE BENEFI

CIARY

d Individual house hold latrines for APL

nil 0 0 100

e Institutional Toilets including School and Anganwadi Sanitation (Hardware and Support Services)

Actual amount required for full coverage

70 30 0

f Solid/Liquid Waste Management (Capital Cost)

Upto 10 % 60 20 20

GLOBAL SANITATION FUND

Run by the Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council (WSSCC) of the UN

Financing mechanism established to boost expenditure on sanitation and hygiene.

GSF supports other organisations’ (NGOs, CBOs, Local Govt.) implementation work by giving grants from a pooled global fund to selected organisations in eligible countries

Must be linked to national sanitation policies/strategies

Demand-led approaches, NOT supply- or subsidy-driven

First round countries includes India, Pakistan, Nepal, Senegal, Burkina Faso, Uganda, Madagascar.

SCENARIO

1%4%

11%

3%

10% 11%14%

6%

17% 18%21.9% 22.4% 23%

27%31%

38%

45%

57%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

1980

1988

1989

1990

1991

1993

1994

1996

1997

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

1980-90: Int'l Drinking Water Supply & Sanitation Decade

1986-1999: Central Rural Sanitation 1999: Launch of Total Sanitation Campaign

2003: Launch of Nirmal Gram Puraskar

SCENARIO

Fund Structure

Total Project

s Outlay

Approved Share Release of funds Expenditure Reported

Centre State Beneficiary Centre State Benefi

ciary Total Centre State Beneficiary Total

GRAND TOTAL (Rs in Crores)

17885 11094.03

4775.75

2015.77

4642.42

2562.22

1345.18 85493391.88 1880.

54894.5

46166

.

GLOBAL SPREAD OF CLTS

PRESENT SCENARIO

MAINTENANCE Essential to train the community, particularly all the members of

the family in the proper upkeep and maintenance of the sanitation

facilities created. The maintenance expenses of individual household sanitary latrines

should be met by the households. The maintenance cost of community sanitary complexes may be

met by the panchayats/voluntary organizations. Institutions/Organizations operating and maintaining the Sanitary

complexes may charge suitable user charges to meet cost fully.

INSPECTION Monitoring through regular field inspections by officers from the

State level and the district levels . Check and ensure that construction work has been done in

accordance with the norms, the community has been involved in

construction, the latrines are not polluting the water sources and

also to check whether there has been correct selection of

beneficiaries and proper use of latrines after construction. Check whether information has been displayed transparently in

Gram Panchayat (by wall painting or special hoarding).

ASSOCIATIONS & ANALYSIS• SACOSAN III DELHI DECLARATION

• Importance to maintenance- sustenance & not just toilet building

• Importance to integrating sanitation with other programs like health and education & national rural health mission.

• Importance to alt. solutions that conserve water, protect environmental & reuse waste

• Provide range of options depending on demand and willingness to pay

ECOSAN

If we added up everyone’s faecal matter could it cover the fertilizer

requirement of the country ? -- No; but could make a significant dent for phosphorus and potash -- National food security – import of fertiliser. Ministry of Fertilizers should see the value in promoting ecosan

productive kitchen gardens. Source of fertilizer for small dry-land

farmers who have not been using chem. Fertilizer & element in local

organic biomass based manures

STUDY IN BLOCK LAKHAN MAJRA A study was done in block lakhan majra in rohtak

which was an observational cross sectional type of study conducted in between june 2009 &nov 2010 in which 8 villages were selected out of 24 villages by st

Total toilet availability was 62.1% having strong correlation with income of groups.

Similarly , in 21% cases, available toilet was never utilized.& 43.7% of them were untidy .

A study was done in block lakhan majra which is a rural field practice area attached to our dept. in rohtak .It was an observational cross sectional type of study conducted in between june 2009 &nov 2010 in which 8 villages were selected out of 24 villages by stratified random sampling technique. The results were

STUDY IN BLOCK LAKHAN MAJRA In the study maximum were hindu jats with a total availability of

70.5% toilets & non utilisation of 56% Non utilisation was maximum for jats & least for rajputs.. The most common reason for not having toilet was mainly

financial followed by lack of space & water.. Most common reason for non utilisation was preferance for Open

Defecation followed by foul smell. In anganwadi centres, only 22.6% of toilets were functioning. In schools provision of drinking water facility was 52%..Toilet

facility was provided in all of them ..There was adequate water arrangements in 89.5% of schools. But there was no closed sewerage system ..

sanitation in urban area

A CLTS approach has also been applied in urban areas. The first known case is Kalyani, a slum north of Kolkata, where exceptional political leadership galvanised people to achieve open defecation free(ODF) conditions without subsidies . In July 2008, a CLTS training of government staff based on the Kenya coast provoked meetings and action to install and strive for total sanitation in the town. In other cases, for example in Panipat District in Haryana, large semi-urban areas have been declared ODF.

http://www.sswm.info/glossary/2/letters

SWOT ANALYSISStrengths•Committed financial resources•Programme focusing on all elements- HHL, School, Pre school, Supply chain, Communication and capacity building, incentive system•Local bodies taking lead

Weaknesses•Inadequate focus on hygiene promotion•Weak supply chain affecting post construction support•Weak monitoring system for process parameters•Lack monitoring of usage and sustainability of the toilets

Opportunities•Increased awareness among PRIs, Women groups and government officials•Successful models in all states for scaling up•No dearth of resources

Threats•Too rapid scaling up•Poor monitoring of clean village award (NGP)

NIRMAL GRAM PURASKAR

(a) Gram Panchayats, Blocks and Districts, which achieve (a) 100% sanitation coverage of individual house holds, (b) 100% schoolsanitation coverage (c) free from open defecation and (d) clean environment maintenance.

(b) Individuals and organizations, who have been the driving force for effective fullsanitation coverage in the respective geographical area

• • There are 2 application forms developed one for PRI and another for Individuals• & Organizations. These application forms are available on www.ddws.nic.in,• which can be downloaded. • • The applications should be duly scrutinized at the District Level & transferred to• • The State Government. A checklist should be filled in and• certified by the State Secretary in-charge of Rural Sanitation and forwarded to• Department of Drinking Water Supply, Ministry of Rural Development.

ACHIEVeMENTS

Currently operational in 587 districts with total budget outlay of

13000.83 crores. 4.25 crores toilets at household levels 2.8 lakhs toilets for anganwadis 13169 community sanitary complexes Intensive health and hygiene education in schools, anganwadis

and village communities.

CAUSES OF FAILURE

FUTURE PROSPECTSANGANWADI/ BALWADI CENTERS MAY BE

INCLUDEDWOMEN COMPLEXES MAY BE APPROVEDTOILETS COMPLEXES AT MARKETS, BUS

STATIONS AND COMMUNITY PLACES REQUIRED

DISTRICT MAY BE ALLOWED TO ENGAGE TEMPORARY STAFF-SCALE MAY BE FIXEDPRESENT REQUIREMENT OF FUND TO BE MET

“What is the greatest medical milestone of the last 150 years?”SANITATION

MDG 7, Target 10:

To halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without

access to safe drinking water and sanitation

We shall not finally defeat AIDS, TB, MALARIA or any infectious diseases that plague the developing nations ,until we have won the battle for safe drinking water,sanitation & basic health care……

KOFI ANNAN

references

http://tsc.gov.in/RuralSanitationNew/HomePage.aspx

http://www.tnrd.gov.in/schemes/tsc.html http://pibmumbai.gov.in/English/PDF/E2008_FP16.

PDF

http://southtripura.nic.in/presentation/tsccal.ppt http://india.gov.in/allimpfrms/alldocs/8928.pdf http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanitation



http://www.tnrd.gov.in/schemes/tsc.html

http://pibmumbai.gov.in/English/PDF/E2008_FP16.PDF

http://pibmumbai.gov.in/English/PDF/E2008_FP16.PDF

http://southtripura.nic.in/presentation/tsccal.ppt

http://india.gov.in/allimpfrms/alldocs/8928.pdf

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanitation

THANK YOU

tsc seminar 1

Health & Medicine