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Time Time - - Reversal Optical Phase Reversal Optical Phase Conjugation for Tissue Conjugation for Tissue Turbidity Suppression Turbidity Suppression Zahid Yaqoob 1 , Emily McDowell 1 , Guoan Zheng 1 , Snow Tseng 2 , Michael S. Feld 3 , Demetri Psaltis 1,4 , Changhuei Yang 1 1 California Institute of Technology 2 Taiwan National University 3 MIT 4 EPFL Caltech Biophotonics Laboratory

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TSOPC Brief

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  • TimeTime--Reversal Optical Phase Reversal Optical Phase Conjugation for Tissue Conjugation for Tissue Turbidity SuppressionTurbidity Suppression

    Zahid Yaqoob1, Emily McDowell1, GuoanZheng1, Snow Tseng2, Michael S. Feld3,

    Demetri Psaltis1,4, Changhuei Yang1

    1California Institute of Technology2Taiwan National University

    3MIT4EPFL

    Caltech Biophotonics Laboratory

  • Caltech Biophotonics Laboratory

    References:References:

    Snow Tseng, Changhuei Yang, 2-D PSTD simulation of optical phase conjugation for turbidity suppression, OE 15, 16005 (2007)

    Guoan Zheng, Lixin Ran, and Changhuei Yang, Electromagnetic equivalent model for phase conjugate mirror based on the utilization of left handed material, OE 15, 13877 (2007)

    Zahid Yaqoob, Demetri Psaltis, Michael S. Feld, Changhuei Yang, Turbidity Suppression by Optical Phase Conjugation, Nature Photonics 2, 110 (2008).

  • A Key Difference between A Jellyfish And Me A Key Difference between A Jellyfish And Me

    Caltech Biophotonics Laboratory

    http://www.glaucus.org.uk/Moonjell.htm

    Transparent Not Transparent!

    - being transparent will really help with disease detection!

  • Phase Conjugation And ScatteringPhase Conjugation And Scattering

    Caltech Biophotonics Laboratory

    Scattering is a deterministic process. Scattering is at least 10x stronger than absorption in tissue.

    At = 633nm,a photons average scattering length is 40 m.

    average absorption length is 100 mm!average travel length to lose orientation is 1.2 mm

  • Caltech Biophotonics Laboratory

    OPCWavefront

    PCM

    IncidentWavefront

    PCM

    Recording Ref Beam

    Readout Ref Beam

    scatterers scatterers

    What is Phase Conjugation?What is Phase Conjugation?

  • What is Phase Conjugation?What is Phase Conjugation?

    Caltech Biophotonics Laboratory

    Reproduce the incident wavefront and propagate it back towards sourceEquivalently, reverses the phase wavefront.

    mirrorphase conjugate mirror

    http://www.futureworld.dk/tech/ether/phasecon/phasecon.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:PhaseConjugationPrinciple.en.png

  • Phase Conjugation And ScatteringPhase Conjugation And Scattering

    100 m

    100 m

    100 m

    USAF target

    photo-refractive crystal

    USAF target 0.5 mm chicken tissue

    photo-refractive crystal

    USAF target clear agarose

    Recording

  • Phase Conjugation And ScatteringPhase Conjugation And Scattering

    100 m

    100 m

    100 m

    100 m

    photo-refractive crystal

    photo-refractive crystal

    USAF target 0.5 mm chicken tissue

    USAF target clear agarose

  • With Chicken Breast Tissue (~ 250 With Chicken Breast Tissue (~ 250 m thick)m thick)

    Caltech Biophotonics Laboratory

    photo-refractive crystal

    photo-refractive crystal

  • Some Surprising ResultsSome Surprising Results

    Caltech Biophotonics Laboratory

    TS-OPC reconstruction quality does not appear to deteriorate with increased scattering initially.

    TS-OPC can be observed through tissues as thick as 5 mm at 532 nm wavelength

  • Potential ChallengesPotential Challenges

    Caltech Biophotonics Laboratory

    1. Living tissues will likely have micro-motions originating from cell agitations.

    2. Blood flowDoes indeed impact on TSOPC, but deterioration rate is measured to be ~ 10s seconds.

    We lose light trajectories that pass through blood, but TSOPC does not require complete wavefrontreplication.

    Both are non-issues if we employ real-time optical phase conjugation approaches.

    Examples: 4-wave mixing, 2D phase modulator + wavefront sensor

  • What is this phenomenon good for?What is this phenomenon good for?

    Caltech Biophotonics Laboratory

    photorefractive crystal

    Probably not a good idea.

  • 1. A means for targeting strong 1. A means for targeting strong scatterersscatterers in in tissuetissue

    Caltech Biophotonics Laboratory

    photorefractive crystal

    photorefractive crystal

    Step 1: Send in weak illumination

    photorefractive crystal

    Step 2: Record the backscattering

    Step 3: Play back the PC wavefront

    Good for:

    1. Photodynamic Therapy2. Neuron Activation3. Port-wine Stain Removal4. Basically any situation where you

    want to concentrate light on strong scatterers in tissue.

    absorbing dyemolecules

    strongscatterer

  • Caltech Biophotonics Laboratory

    forward illumination

    transmission

    side scatter

    back scatter

    forward illumination

    transmission

    side scatter

    back scatter

    A

    B

    2. A means for measuring scattering site 2. A means for measuring scattering site heterogeneityheterogeneity

  • 3. Deep tissue imaging (separation of 3. Deep tissue imaging (separation of absorption and scattering contributions)absorption and scattering contributions)

    Caltech Biophotonics Laboratory

    BiologicalSample

    PCM1

    (a)

    BiologicalSample

    PCM1

    (b)

    BiologicalSample

    PCM1

    (c)

    PCM2 PCM2

    brown = absorptive objects

  • Caltech Biophotonics Laboratory

    References:References:

    Snow Tseng, Changhuei Yang, 2-D PSTD simulation of optical phase conjugation for turbidity suppression, OE 15, 16005 (2007)

    Guoan Zheng, Lixin Ran, and Changhuei Yang, Electromagnetic equivalent model for phase conjugate mirror based on the utilization of left handed material, OE 15, 13877 (2007)

    Zahid Yaqoob, Demetri Psaltis, Michael S. Feld, Changhuei Yang, Turbidity Suppression by Optical Phase Conjugation, Nature Photonics 2, 110 (2008).


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