PowerPoint Presentation

Tsunamis!

andEngineering1EngineeringWhat do engineers do?At the HWRL we are engineers and this activity is as much about engineering as tsunamis, so a brief discuss about engineering is a good frame work for this activity. Brainstorm: If, appropriate, have students brain storm what they think Engineers do. If students are too cool for this, then skip it. 2EngineeringEngineers use science math and CREATIVITY to solve problemsThis is take home message about engineers that we want to communicate. Another good concept is that engineers helping people. Also the wave lab is a civil engineering laboratory so we are focused on helping society, or people. 3CoastalEngineeringSolving problems that face people on the coastThe work we do at the laboratory is Coastal Engineering which is a subset of Civil Engineering, basically looking at how coastal process effect civil infrastructure. Brainstorm moment: have students brain storm what the problems might be or what coastal processes might cause problems. Coastal process are all the natural processes that you would feel on a beach: rain, wind, waves, currents, sand, storms, etc. 4

Erosion5

Storms6

Wave Impact7

TsunamisTsunamis are one big problem that the Oregon Coast faces, and it is something we study at the Wave Lab so we will discuss it a little more. 8Tsunami Inundation

Large amount of water floods into a land area usually above sea level this is measured in feet (or meters) above sea levelTsunami Inundation this is what we are concerned with at the HWRL, because it is when tsunami's start causing problems for people. The water rushes in and floods areas.9

CascadiaSubductionZone30 min1 in 7 chance in the next 50 yearsThe Cascadia Subduction Zone runs from Northern California to British Columbia. It is about 50 100 miles off the Oregon Coast, and we believe that there is a 1 in7 chance a tsunami in the next 50 years. Once the earthquake is over the first wave will take about 30 minutes to reach the coast. 10

45 60 minto evacuatethe beachTsunamiEvacuationAreaSeaside, OregonIt will take at least45 minutes for people to get off the beach in Seaside. Notice it a very long walk from the beach to the Tsunami Evacuation Area.11How Can Engineers Help?

This could be a good brain storm moment: ask the students if they have any ideas. 12

Models!One approach to studying tsunamis is to use models. Ask if students know what models are. Discuss why we model things:SafetyLess expensiveIts hard to study tsunamis in real life they dont happen very often etcWe can focus on one or two things which we do anyway when we do research

Types of models:Physical Large Scale Small Scale Proto-type scaleComputer Conceptual

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Harry YehOregon State UniversityDynamicTsunamiHazard MapKatadaGunma Univ.JapanNew!This animation is an estimate about what would happed if a tsunami struck today. There are 5000 people Grey dots. They move at a fast walk pace. Time after the tsunami is in the upper left corner. The casualties are in the upper right corner. The yellow dots are Police Cars headed out to tell people to leave the beach. This is based on the Japanese model. Sending the police out to warn people is not the current plan for the Oregon Coast. 14

Tsunami shelter in Japan

JapanUSAEngineers can learn from others who deal with the problem. For example Japan uses a two prong method. Inland evacuation (like Oregon) and vertical evacuation. That means staying in the inundation zone, but going above the water level. This was also effective in the Dec 2004 Tsunami.

This is Model (or a way ) of Tsunami evacuation that we could potentially use. 15

Harry YehOregon State UniversityDynamic TsunamiHazard MapKatadaGunma Univ.JapanWhat if ?

So we put two tsunami evacuation structures into Seaside. Guess what happens? 16Typical waves at Seaside: 6 ft high every 7 sec.

Video of waves (wind waves) at SeasideA PHYSICAL Model of Seaside 1:50 scale (some what small)17

Demonstration of Cascadia subduction zone tsunamiA Tsunami on SeasideWe study the hyrdo-dymanics in this model or what happens to the water, the 1:50 scale is to small to study the building but we can learn about what happens to the water. 18Patrick Lynett Texas A&M UniversityWave Force Potential Numerical Calculations

This is computer model of the forces of the waves. The brighter the colors the higher the force. Using the data from our physical model we can make a computer model that shows what the forces of the water.

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J. Van de Lindt, Colorado State Univ.R. Gupta, Oregon State UniversityWe can use the computer model data to make a larger scale model of real building and test the forces on it. 20J. Van de Lindt, Colorado State Univ.R. Gupta, Oregon State University

1:6 Scale Residential BuildingThis is a very large wave on a structure. (movie)21

Near Prototype Scale WallThen we can use that information to move to near real sized parts of bulidngs. 22

Building Tsunami Resilient CommunitiesOur bigger goal is to build Tsunami Resilient Community in Oregon. Why might this be tsunami resilient. (Concrete lower structure, which is open to let water flow through.)

Potentially some of those buildings could be tsunami evacuation centers. 23Photo: K. Fujima, Japan

Thanks to:Chris Goldfinger, Oregon State Univ.Harry Yeh, Oregon State Univ.Questions24