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Slide 2 Tuberculosis By: SG Slide 3 Definition infectious disease that can affect almost any part of the body but mainly affects the lungs pulmonary tuberculosis caused by a bacterial microorganism the tubercle bacillus also known as mycobacterium tuberculosis can be treated, cured, and can be prevented if a person at risk takes certain drugs, scientist have never come close to wiping it out Slide 4 Once tuberculosis bacteria enters the body it passes down through the airway to the lungs and has 1 of 3 outcomes: 1.The bacteria will multiply and will cause primary TB, this is called active TB 2.The bacteria can become dormant, the patient wont feel sick or be able to spread the disease this is called latent TB. About 90% of people are usually infected with latent TB 3.The bacteria stays dormant for a while than the bacteria begins to multiply again and the patient will begin to feel sick, this is called reactivation TB Slide 5 Effects If you have tuberculosis and it is not treated, than it may spread to other sites in your body and cause a different kind of tuberculosis such as: Tuberculosis meningitis: TB of the brain caused by the spread of mycobacterium tuberculosis May experience, headaches, nausea and by chance brain damage. Slide 6 Genitourinary TB, in males this might be mistaken as epididymitis or a scrotal mass. For females it may mimic pelvic inflammatory disease. Gastrointestinal TB, the mycobacterium TB will spread to any site along the gastrointestinal tract and it will become infected with tuberculosis. Slide 7 Tuberculosis lymphadenitis or scrofula: The most common site for the mycobacterium TB too spread to would be on the neck along the sternocleidomastoid muscle. If this happens the patient will feel little to no pain. Joint TB or Osteo- articular skeletal TB, this mainly effects the spine causing a tremendous amount of back pain, and could lead to being paralyzed. If joint TB effects other joints in your body it will feel like you have arthritis. Slide 8 History Of Tuberculosis In the late 1800s TB was the number 1 killer in Canada, people believed it was a hereditary disease. Which was proven wrong in the late 1900s, doctors discovered it was non hereditary. In 1940 antibiotics became available as a cure for TB the most important factor in the decline of the disease was early diagnosis. People with TB would respond to sanatorium treatment much better if their TB was discovered Slide 9 Sooner than later, so they could be separated from the uninfected population to reduce the spread of the disease. Slide 10 Causes Tuberculosis is caused from droplets coughed or sneezed in the air. People will get it if they breath in the droplets. It is very easy to catch TB if in a hospital. Slide 11 Infants, elderly, diabetic substance abusers, the mal nourished, immigrants from countries that TB is common, health care workers, prison guards and family member of those with TB, have a greater risk to get TB. Also in confined, poorly ventilated spaces- including jails, nursing homes, homeless shelters and hospitals will spread the disease around and possibly infect you. Slide 12 Symptoms A really bad cough that lasts three weeks or even longer. Coughing up blood or mucus Weight loss Weakness fatigue Fever and Chills Night sweats Loss of breath Loss of appetite Slide 13 Diagnosis If your suspected to have tuberculosis, your doctor would give you a tuberculin skin test the see if you had been previously exposed to the disease. If you react positive than you have to spit in a cup and the doctor will send it to be tested in a lab for presence of TB bacteria. Slide 14 Future Outlook World health organization has been working on getting rid of TB for good since 1994. Now they have a 6 point plan to eliminate tuberculosis as a public health concern by 2050. This has been in progress since 2006 and is projected to treat 50 million patients and save 14 million lives by 2015 Slide 15 Treatment Latent TB may be treated with a drug called isoniazid or INH. It is given too destroy dormant bacteria so that they cannot reactivate in the future. You take this drug for 6-9 months. Active TB is treated with INH and a combo of three other drugs to make sure that all the TB bacteria is destroyed. Slide 16 Reference Family Doctor.(2011). Tuberculosis, Friday, May 6 th, 2011, http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/common/inf ections/common/bacterial/120.html http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/common/inf ections/common/bacterial/120.html Frey, Rebecca. (2009). Tuberculosis. U-X-L encyclopedia of diseases and disorders (Volume 6) Detroit, Larry L. Lutwick. Hopkins, J.H. (1994). John Hopkins symptoms and remedies: The complete home medical reference. U.S.A. Simeon Margolis. Medline Plus. (2011). Tuberculosis. 04/18/11; www.nlm.nih.gov.medineplus/tuberculosis.html www.nlm.nih.gov.medineplus/tuberculosis.html Slide 17 The lung association. (2011). Tuberculosis. Friday, May 6 th, 2011, http://www.lung.ca/tb/history/diagnosishttp://www.lung.ca/tb/history/diagnosis Slide 18 Pictures http://www.graphicshunt.com/health/images/tuberc ulosis_skin_test_1922.htm http://www.graphicshunt.com/health/images/tuberc ulosis_skin_test_1922.htm http://daily- survival.blogspot.com/2010/07/tuberculosis.html http://daily- survival.blogspot.com/2010/07/tuberculosis.html http://www.gastrointestinalatlas.com/English/Colon _and_Rectum/Tuberculosis_of_the_Colon/tuberculo sis_of_the_colon.html http://www.gastrointestinalatlas.com/English/Colon _and_Rectum/Tuberculosis_of_the_Colon/tuberculo sis_of_the_colon.html