Tuesday 3/25RAP• List two reasons people were unhappy with the Czar in

Russia during WWI?These we are going to discuss…do not answer

1. What was the Bolshevik Revolution?2. Who were the Reds?3. Who were the Whites?4. Who won the civil war in Russia?5. What did that mean for the country?

Today:• Review Ch. 17.4—Russian Revolution—30 minutes.

As you read please take notes on the section.• Read ch. 17.5– Peace at Last• Work on map of WWI• SWBAT understand the Russian Revolutions and explain the impact they had

on World War I.

Identify• Nicholas II —Czar of Russia—unpopular with

public; abdicated in 1917.• Grigori Rasputin –mystic healer of Czar Nicholas

—gave political advice to the Czar—killed by Czar’s relatives, due to his unpopularity.

• Alexander Kerensky – moderate socialist who served as the prime minister of the Provisional government.

• Vladimir Ilyich Lenin – leader of the radical Bolsheviks; planned to topple the Provisional government.

• Leon Trotsky – leader of the Red army defending the Communist state.

WHAT WAS LIFE LIKE FOR CIVILIANS AND SOLDIERS OF RUSSIA DURING WWI?

WWI for Russia• By 1917-

Russian army morale was low.– No weapons– Food shortages– Almost all

resources went to supply the army.

– Human and financial costs of war increasingly unbearable.

WHAT HAPPENED IN RUSSIA LEADING TO THE CZAR’S ABDICATION (resign or give up)?

Russian Revolutions

March 11th and 12th, 1917 – Riots protesting the shortage of food and fuel forced Russia’s Czar Nicholas II from power.

--On March 15, 1917 the Czar abdicated the throne.

•Ending the 300 year Romanov dynasty.

First Russian Revolution

“Cost of Revolution” – March, 1917

March Revolution

• March 8th -12th – Food and fuel shortages– Hundreds of thousands of men and women

marched in the streets of Petrograd or present day St. Petersburg.

– 11th and 12th –troops were ordered to put down the riots—instead many joined the protesters.

– The Czar abdicated the throne on March 15th.

• President Wilson believed that the Allies would be stronger now that Czar Nicholas II was gone.

• Wilson asked Congress to declare war shortly thereafter.

News of the World, April 18, 1917

WAS THE PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT BETTER THAN THE CZAR AT HELPING THE PEOPLE OF RUSSIA?

Provisional (temporary) Government

• Provisional government called for elections later in the year.– Middle class Duma (parliament) representatives.– Majority were Mensheviks– Alexander Kerensky, a moderate socialist, served as the

first prime minister and minister of justice.• He belonged to the executive committee of the Petrograd Soviet.

– They called for immediate peace, the transfer of land to the peasants, and the control of factories by workers.

– The economy continued to collapse.– Provisional government did not withdraw from the war.

• People were not happy…they were still suffering

•Bolsheviks and Mensheviks competed for control of Russia.•Lenin wanted the Bolsheviks to topple the provisional government from power.•Lenin had been arrested and exiled to Siberia in 1895 for his activities.

•Once released he went to Germany, Great Britain, and Switzerland.•Germany assisted him in returning to Russia after the March Revolution.

•October 1917 – The Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, seized power in Russia and began the communist revolution.

Communist / Bolshevik Revolution(“October Revolution”)

Vladimir Lenin, 1917

How had the Bolsheviks laid the foundation of a socialist state in early January of 1918?

CIVIL WAR•Bolsheviks ended private ownership of property, distributing land among the peasants, and gave workers control of factories.

•Russia signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany and dropped out of the war. March 1918.

•Germany then sent their troops on the Eastern Front to the Western Front.

•Independent nationalist governments set up in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Ukraine, and Azerbaijan.

Russian Czar Nicholas II, left, and his son Prince Alexei are shown sawing wood to heat the dwelling in Siberia, where they were held during the Russian Revolution. The entire royal family was executed by the Bolsheviks in 1918.

Civil War -- • 1918-1921• Communist = Reds• Royalists, liberal democrats, and moderate

socialists = Whites• Reds leader---Leon Trotsky• Whites had a little support from the U.S.

– Both sides killed civilians and burned villages.– Workers and peasants were starving and the

economy was crumbling.– People lived in fear

Civil War Terror• Communists imposed a policy of “war

communism” --took control of industry and forced peasants to send food to the starving cities.

• Secret Police force, Cheka, arrested anyone they believed was an enemy of the revolution.

• Many people left Russia.

• By 1921, the White army finally admitted defeat.

Communism – a theory that supports the elimination of private property and the equal distribution of goods

Facts:

· Created by the German philosopher Karl Marx.

Karl Marx (1818-1883).

Communism – a theory that supports the elimination of private property and the equal distribution of goods

Facts:

· Supports the violent revolution of the working class against the “bourgeois” ruling class.

This 1920 Soviet poster depicts a bourgeois hanging onto a globe by his fingertips as a dogged Red Army soldier tries to stab him with a bayonet.

Communism – a theory that supports the elimination of private property and the equal distribution of goods

Facts:

· Led by a single, authoritarian political party.

Communist symbol located on the flag of the former U.S.S. R.

A mourning poster conveys the message that Lenin’s death has united workers and peasants.

Communism: Development and Duration

• Read ch 17.5 – Peace at Last—take notes

• WWI map is DUE on Wednesday!