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Tuesday, April 1

Bell Work:

You have heard the saying: "There is safety in numbers." Why might traveling in a large group be beneficial to prey species?

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Population Density

change population densities

are the changes a result of a change in the environmentIs the change due to normal variations in the life history of the species.

#of individualsarea (units)2

= population density

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Population dispersion

-Individuals live close together in groups.-Helps with: mating, protection, getting food.

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-Individuals live at a specific distance from one another.Why? Competition and territoriality

-Individuals are spread randomly within an area or volume.

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Survivorship Curves

offspringdeath

life history

Produce a lot of offspring at one timeProduce one or two offspring at one timeCare for young/not care for young

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large mammals humans

low levelpopulation generally survives until old ageTypically care for their young

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birds, small mammals and some reptiles

equal

surviving dying

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invertebrates, fish, amphibians and plants

birth rate

infant mortality ratepredation

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Thursday, March 22

Bell Work:

How do survivorship curves, show three types of reproductive strategies?

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movement of individuals into a population from another population.

Increases the population size when an individual is born.movement of individuals out of a population and into another population.

Decreases the population size when an individual dies.

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J-curvegrow rapidly

dramatically

predators, abundant food sources and space200-300 million

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S-shapedslow growth

exponential growth stable size

resources abundant growsresources depletedenvironment support

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Carrying Capacity

environment

higher lowersupply

resources

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Population Crash

29 reindeerresources6000 reindeer

50 reindeer

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Limiting Factors- factor that has the greatest effect in keeping down the size of a population.

Density-Dependent Factors-limiting factors that are affected by the number of individuals in given area.

Competition- The more dense a population the less resources available.

Predation- Population of prey and predators affect one another.

Parasitism and Disease- spread more quickly through a denser popultion.

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Density-Independent Factors- aspects of the environment that limit a population's growth regardless of the density of the population.

Unusual weather- affects the population regardless of size. Unusually cold winter or warmer waters along a coast.

Natural Disasters- volcanoes, tsunamis, tornadoes and hurricanes.

Human Activities- destruction of natural habitat, pollution, introducing nonnative species.

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1. What happens to the moose population as the wolf population increases?2.  What happens to the moose population as the wolf population decreases?3.Is there something in the data to suggest that the wolf population crashed?4. In what way does the data suggest that something other than availability of prey caused the wolf population to crash?

5. Is there something in the data to suggest that the moose population crashed?6. What might have caused the moose population to crash?7. How does the wolf population on Isle Royale affect the carrying capacity of the moose population?

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