tv? helpful or harmful? rachel barr and elizabeth zack georgetown university
TRANSCRIPT
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TV? Helpful or harmful?
Rachel Barr and Elizabeth Zack
Georgetown University
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AAP Recommendation
• Children under age 2 should watch NO screen media. 1999.
• It decreases the quality and quantity of parent-child interactions.
• This recommendation was made without almost no research behind it.
• Since 1999, more research has been done but there’s still a lot we don’t know.
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Since 1999, “explosion” in media for young children
• Videos like Baby Mozart, Baby Einstein claim to increase cognitive learning/brain development and intelligent.
• There is no credible evidence proving this.
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As a matter of fact…………..
• In adults, 17 different regions of the cerebral cortex are activated to make sense of “edited video.” These regions must work together.
• This part of the brain is immature until after age 2. They can’t make sense of it.
• They aren’t able to process the information they see.
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They may laugh and stare at TV.
• But, children under age 2 don’t use it to guide a search for hidden toys – the information is meaningless to them.
• Toddlers pay no more attention to normal video vs. distorted video until after 18 months. Only then does it matter to them that it makes sense.
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Now for the really bad news…
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Parents are not following the recommendation.
• 68% use some form of screen media 1-2 hours every day – most spend watching TV or videos/DVD’s.
• 40% is child-directed programming – the rest of the time, the TV is on in the background.
• Parents are being bombarded with TV and video marketing itself as “child-friendly.”
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So why is it dangerous?
• Viewing under age 2 does appear to be associated with attention deficit symptoms and poorer language and cognitive development.
• Background adult TV interferes with normal play and social interaction.
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How to minimize negative effects?
• Researchers looked at what good book-sharing studies found.
• Parents need to provide the structure by:– Labeling and describing real world objects– Asking questions– Using abstractions such as “This is your
favorite sound. That looks like your ball.”
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What did the research show?
• When parents used these techniques, children stayed attentive 70% of the time on average.
• They watched the most if they had seen it before (repetition).
• They watched the least if background noise was on.
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Making Sense of the Research for parents
• If babies are viewing, strongly urge them to limit the time.
• Choose the content carefully. No adult programming and child-directed programming that is research-based. (Baby Mozart and Kids Favorites 2 all were ranked highly by the researcher).
• Watch with your baby. Ask questions, describe and label and relate the content to your baby’s life.
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More Tips for Parents
• Don’t discourage your baby from wanting to watch the same thing over and over. Repetition increases attention and, maybe, understanding.
• Help your baby make connections between the 2-dimension object on TV and the real world. Find similar objects to label and play games with.
• Don’t let TV replace active play.
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Another study looked at how communication skills are
affected when parents use specific strategies with children
during TV viewing. Sekhar S. Pindiprolu, Ph.D.
U.S. Dept. of Education
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Parents were taught four specific strategies to facilitate language.
• Praise
• Expansions
• Pause
• Questions
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The results indicate:
• Children had limited receptive vocabulary gains.
• They increased their raw score on expressive vocabulary measures.
• They increased in turn taking.
• This small group of children were not harmed by TV viewing when the strategies were in place.
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In a nutshell….
• Parents with children under 2 need to know that the research suggests that it could be harmful due to the stage of brain development the child is in.
• Parents with children over 2 need to understand that they can minimize any negative results by labeling, using abstractions and asking questions – by talking about what they see!