Type Today’s Date Here

The

Chemistry

of

Life

Brainteaser

• What fastens two people yet touches only one?

Answer Here

The ocular lens of a compound microscope magnifies objects:

                  a. 100x

                  b. 1000x

                  c. 10x

                 d. 40x

Today you will

1. Review the phases of matter.

2. The Conservation of Matter.

3. Identity the difference between elements, compounds and molecules.

4. Identify the 6 most common elements found in living things.

Matter

Matter = any material substance with Mass & Volume

Matter

Solid

Liquid

Gas

comes in 3 phases

Chemistry of Life

All matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms. There are 109 types of atoms. An atom is the smallest part of an element that still has the properties of that element.It consists of 3 distinct subatomic particles – protons, neutrons and electrons.Nucleus = P+ + N0

E-s are in outer shells.

Elements

A substance made up of one kind of atom is an element - they make up everything in the universe.

Drawing an Atom of Carbon

C12.011

6

Atomic Mass

Atomic #

- Atomic # = # of neutrons

= # of protons and electrons

Carbon has 6 p+ and 6 e-

Drawing an Atom of Carbon

6 p+

6 n0

e-

e-

e- e-

e-

e-

Sub-atomic Particles

Protons p+ - positive

charge, in nucleus

Electrons - e- negative charge, orbiting

nucleus

Neutrons n0 – no

charge, in nucleus

ELEMENTS

• There are 92 elements found naturally

• The most common elements in living things are:

Hydrogen (H) 59% Oxygen (O) 24% Carbon (C) 11% Nitrogen (N) 4% Others such as phosphorus (P) and sulphur (S) 2% combined

Law of Conversation of Matter

–Matter can not be created nor destroyed it is just converted to a different form.

O2 + 2H2 + energy 2H2O

• hydrogen atoms hydrogen atoms• oxygen atoms oxygen atoms

Photosynthesis

• CO2 + H2O + Energy C6H12O6 + O2

• How many total atoms are there? _________

• How many are there are each side?

• Balance the equation

• C = C =

• O = O =

• H = H = © 2004 Delmar Learning, a

Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

Atoms-Elements-Molecules-Compounds

Molecules - 2 or more elements chemically

combined to form a new substance with

different properties than the separate elements.

Properties – The way a chemical substance looks and

behaves

Compounds - a collection of like molecules

Atoms-Elements-Molecules-Compounds

Molecules – are made of 2 or more different atoms

combined to form Compounds

H + O H2O =

H

O

H

Chemical formula lists the number of different atoms

in a single molecule

Structural formula shows the arrangement of the

atoms in a single molecule

Molecules

Glucose Sugar

C6H12O6

Chemical formula

C

H

OH

C C

C

C CH

HH

H

H

HOH

O

OH

HOOH

Structural formula

Compounds

Inorganic Inorganic

CompoundsCompounds orOrganic Organic

CompoundsCompounds • usually don’t contain Carbon

• generally come from the earth

• generally simple molecules

•Usually ionic bonding

• always contain C & H and usually O, N, sometimes S & P

• originate in organisms

• generally complex molecules

•Usually covalent bonding

Examples of Inorganic

Compounds

H + O = H2O = Water

H + Cl = HCl = Hydrochloric Acid

C + O = CO2 = Carbon Dioxide

Na + Cl = NaCl = Common Table Salt

Examples of Organic

Compounds

C, H + O Carbohydrates = Sugars, starches & cellulose

C, H + O Lipids = Fats & Oils

C, H, O, N, & sometimes P + S

Proteins

C, H, O, N, + P Nucleic Acids – DNA & RNA

Find and circle the 6 most common elements found in living things

Chemistry

Diga, diga, diga, diga, that’s all folks!

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Bibliography