TYPES OF CHEMICAL BONDSBy Hannah Gibson and Luis Cancino

Types

Ionic BondsI. Ex. Table Salt

Covalent Bonds1. Ex. Water

Hydrogen Bonds1. Ex. DNA

Ionic Bonds:

Form when electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another

Atoms are electrically neutral When atoms gain/lose electrons during bonding the

positive and negative are no longer balanced, the result are ions which are charged particles

When an atom gains an electron it becomes negative Negatively charged particles are called anions When an atom loses a particle it becomes positive Positively charged particles are called cation The formation of sodium chloride (NaCl) is commonly

known as table salt

Covalent Bonds: The bonds of molecules in which atoms share electrons called

covalent molecules Electrons are shared equally between the atoms of the molecule,

these molecules are called nonpolar covalently bonded molecules Carbon dioxide is a nonpolar molecule When covalent bonds are made the molecule formed always has a

definite three-dimensional shape Shape of a molecule plays a major role in determining which atoms

or molecules it can interact with Shape may also result in unequal electron-pair sharing A polar molecule is a molecule with 2 charged poles Polar molecules orient themselves toward other polar molecules or

charged particles like ions and proteins (hold important role In chemical reactions that occur in body cells)

A water molecule is formed when 2 hydrogen atoms bind covalently into 1 oxygen atom

Hydrogen Bonds:

Extremely weak bonds formed when a hydrogen atom bound to one electron-hungry nitrogen or oxygen atom is attracted by another electron-hungry atom

Hydrogen bonding is common between water molecules, this is reflected by the waters surface tension

Hydrogen bonds are also important intermolecular bonds, they help bind different parts of the same molecule together into a special three-dimensional shape

Hydrogen bonds are very important in helping to maintain the surface of protein molecules, which are essential functional molecules and body-building materials

Questions 1

1. Electrons in what bond are neaural?A. IonicB. CovalentC. Hydrogen 2. What shape does a covalent bond’s

molecules makeD. NoneE. 3 dimensonalF. Regular

Questions 2

3. What does Hydro mean?A. Fire B. WaterC. Earth4. What is NaCl?D. SaltE. PepperF. Nutmeg

Works Cited:

1.Marieb, Elaine. “Chemical Bonds.” Essentials of

Human Anatomy & Physiology. Serina

Beauparlant. Eighth. San Francisco: Pearson,

2006. 34-37.