types of microscope
TRANSCRIPT
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• Microscopes are instruments designed to produce magnified visual or photographic images of small objects.
The microscope must accomplish three tasks1. produce a magnified image of the specimen 2. separate the details in the image, 3. render the details visible to the human eye or camera.
Microscopy - an introduction
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Scale
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MicroscopeOne or more lenses that make an enlarged image of an
object.
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Simple Microscope• Light passes through only 1 lens.
• Example: magnifying glass
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Compound Microscope• Lets light pass through an object and then
through two or more lenses.
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Stereoscopic Microscope
• Gives a three dimensional view of an object. (Examples: insects and leaves)
• Used for dissections
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Electron microscopes – use a beam of electrons instead of a beam of light to
magnify the image
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Electron Microscopes• can achieve 3D images using electrons
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The Scanning Electron Microscope
• produces a 3-dimensional image of specimen’s surface features
spider head of a butterfly
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Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)Types of specimens:
-Whole organisms
-Natural tissue surfaces
-Exposed tissue structure
A flea magnified 50 000 X
What is this?
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ScanningElectronMicroscope
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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
• Allows the observation of molecules within cells
• Allows the magnification of objects in the order of 100, 000’s.
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Transmission electron microscope (TEM)
– Provides for detailed study of the internal ultrastructure of cells– a beam of electrons
is transmitted through
the specimen for
a 2D view
Longitudinalsection ofcilium
Cross sectionof cilium
1 µm
Figure 6.4 (b) cilia on rabbit lungs
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Transmission electron microscope
Chloroplast from a tobacco leaf H1N1 virus
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Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM)
• laser beam used to illuminate spots on specimen
• computer compiles images created from each point to generate a 3-dimensional image
• used on specimens that are too thick for a light microscope
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A, B, C pollen grains: Scanning electron microscope D pollen grains: Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope E pollen grains: Transmission electron microscope F pollen grains: Light microscope G Mixed pollen grains (bright field light microscope, stained) H pollen grains confocal laser scanning microscope
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Look at the following micrographs (a picture made by a microscope) and try to determine what the object is!
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DENTIST’S DRILL
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TOILET PAPER
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HYPODERMIC NEEDLE
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VELCRO
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STAPLE THROUGH PAPER
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BLACK WIDOW SPIDER CLAW
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PORCUPINE QUILL
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MASCARA BRUSH
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ANT
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BLACK FLY
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MOSQUITO
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CAT FLEA
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MITE FEEDING
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POLLEN GRAIN
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ANT EYE
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APHID ON A LEAF
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EYELASHES
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DOG FLEA
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H1N1 VIRUS
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What is the difference between a…
VIRUS and CELL?
E.coli bacterial cells
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VIRUS BACTERIA- can’t live on its own- must - can exist on its own
live inside another cell
- much smaller (20 – 400nm) - larger (1000 nm = 1μm)
- none are beneficial - some can be beneficial
(bacteria in gut)
- no cell wall, only a protein - outer cell wall
coat
- cannot be killed by antibiotics - are killed by antibiotics
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