uas in agriculture 2-2014
TRANSCRIPT
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UAS in Agriculture
John NowatzkiExtension Ag Machine Systems Specialist
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Unmanned Aircraft Systems
Crop Production
Livestock Production
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UAS in Agriculture What are UAS?
Impacts of ND Test SiteTypical EquipmentUAS in Agriculture TodayCurrent US Regulations2014 UAS at NDSU/UNDCurrent ND Commercial ActivityFuture of UAV in AgriculturePrivacy Issues
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Impacts of North Dakota Test Site
• Allow the FAA to develop research and operational experiences
• Help ensure the safe integration of UAS into the nation's airspace – “sense and avoid,” – command and control, – ground control standards– human factors– airworthiness– lost link procedures– interface with the air traffic control
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FAA Test Site
• University of Alaska• standards for unmanned aircraft categories, and state monitoring
• State of Nevada– operator standards and certification requirements
• New York’s Griffiss International Airport– test and evaluation
• North Dakota Department of Commerce– airworthiness data and validate high reliability link technology
• Texas A&M University – Corpus Christi– safety requirements for UAS vehicles
• Virginia Tech– UAS failure mode testing and technical risks areas
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Air Vehicle
Control Station
Antenna(s)
+
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What “is” a UAS?Generally speaking…
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What are Unmanned Aircraft Systems?
What
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What are UAS for Agriculture? Small Unmanned Aircraft
18” – 10’Remote controlled or Auto-pilotUnder 1000’Cameras: Digital Images, Video, Thermal
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• Weight = 2 to 6 pounds• Wing span = 2 to 8 feet• Battery powered• Various Cameras
UAS
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Equipment E382 Fixed Wing Package $2,000• Skywalker Airframe, 188cm Wingspan• ArduPilot Mega 2.5 Autopilot
– Includes GPS, IMU, Pressure Sensor and Flight Data Log• SX260 HS Camera with CHDK Installed• 3DR Telemetry Radios• Remote Control Unit• Battery & Charger• 4 Extra Batteries
• http://www.event38.com/
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Typical Equipment Aphex Hexacopter Camera $ 2,000
• NX1000 Camera and Mount• Remote Control Unit• Telemetry:3DR Radios, Air and Ground, • Batteries • Battery Charger• Spare Parts:• 5 Propeller Pairs• 2 Arms• 2 Legs• 1 Motor
• http://www.event38.com/
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Typical Equipment Aparotors - Kit: $3800• Multi-rotor kit fully assembled• Radio controller and receiver• Stabilized Camera Gimbal• 2 batteries (flight time 10 min / battery)• Battery Charger (25 minutes)• Camera GoPro3 with 8GB card
– http://aparotors.com/
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Equipment Precision Scout - Kit: $17,500• Real-time live feed recorded and streamed to the ground• GPS location and proper flight orientation• communication fails, will safely return home• •Controller •GPS Unit• •Hi-resolution Video/Still Camera •Telemetry• •Dual Battery Charger •6 Batteries• •16gb micro SD memory card •Lifetime Protective Case
• http://aparotors.com/
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Equipment SensFly eBee Package $35,000• Case with foam protection• 1 eBee central body• 1 pair of wings • 10 spare propellers• 2 Lithium-Polymer battery packs• Lithium-Polymer battery charger • 2.4 GHz USB radio modem• 1 remote control • 1 still camera• 1 USB cable for interfacing with camera and on-board autopilot
https://www.sensefly.com/
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Typical Equipment
Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Rover ($50,000)• EPP foam; carbon frame structure• Electric pusher propeller; brushless 700 W
motor• 14.8 V, 6000 mAh battery• 16.1 MP mirrorless APSC camera• 0.94 - 9.4 in image resolutionhttp://www.trimble.com/Survey/ux5.aspx
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Typical Equipment Multi-spectral Camera ($3,800)• Size 4.5 x 3.0 x 0.9 in. • Weight 3.53 oz.• Visible light and near-infrared
wavelengths• Software: PixelWrench2, processing
multispectral images of crops
• http://fieldofviewllc.com/
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Typical Equipment Thermal Imaging Camera ($10,000)
• Thermal Imager - Uncooled VOx Microbolometer
• Spectral Band 7.5 - 13.5 μm• Time to Image ~4.0 sec• Size (w/o lens) 1.75" x 1.75" x 1.18"• RS-232 Compatible Communication 57,600 &
921,600 baud• Image Processing & Display Controls NTSC/PAL
(field switchable)
• http://www.flir.com/US/
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Thermal ImagingTakes a Crop’s Temperature
Plants Absorb and Reflect Light Red Absorbed, NIR Reflected
• Locating insect Infestations
• Early Disease Pressure
• Under-irrigated Field Sections.
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Multispectral Imaging
Plants Absorb and Reflect Light Red Absorbed, NIR Reflected
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• 231 images geo-referenced• Pseudocolor mosaic• Normalized Difference Vegetation
Index (NDVI) mosaic
PrecisionAg Payload
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Data Processing Software Agisoft PhotoScan ($3,800)• Aerial Triangulation• Polygonal Model Generation (plain / textured)• Setting Coordinate System• Geo-referenced Digital Elevation Model (DEM)
Generation• Geo-referenced Orthophoto Generation
• http://fieldofviewllc.com/
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Current FAA Rules
• Private, Recreation Use• On-farm?
• University: Certificate of Authorization• Airframe• Location• Operator• Dates • 6-9 Months
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NDSU Carrington Research Center• Valid Uses of UAS in Ag
– Crop Research– Livestock Research
• Feedlot Bedding Materials• Animal Body Temperatures
UAS at NDSU and UNDProof of Concept
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NDSU – UND Collaborations
Agricultural Research School of AerospaceResearch Extension Centers UAS CenterExtension Service Remote Sensing
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Commercial Service in 2014 • North Country Ag Services - Kris Poulson
– Contract to fly fields on schedule, or when requested– Purchased UTC Aerospace Systems – will manufacture UAS– Quad and Fixed wing– Process data
• Field of View– Cameras and Sensors– Training– Image Analyses
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Potential Applications
• Near Real-time Crop Monitoring• In-season Fertilization• Pest Location and Movements• Weed Infestations
• Monitoring Livestock on Rangeland• Others …….....................• ……………………………• ……………………………
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Privacy• Who Regulates UAS?• Illegal Uses• Who Owns the Images• Other Issues
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Megan’s First UAS Operation
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The End of Megan’s First UAS Operation!
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UAS Mapping Vegetationhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6bgbp9Vj2t4
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Questions - Comments
Office 701-231-8213 Cell 701-261-9842
http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/agmachinery