ue;sjrk l%u ie,iqï lsÍu - international idea · 2 cd;hka;r whsãbta m%ldyk ksyaÑ; cd;sl fyda...
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ue;sjrK l%u ie,iqï lsÍum%cd;ka;%jdoh yd ue;sjrK l%u i|yd iydh ùfï
cd;Hka;r wdh;kfha w;a fmd; ms<sn|flá úuiqula
fuu flá úuiqug m%cd;ka;%jdoh yd ue;sjrK l%u i|yd iydhùfï cd;Hka;r wdh;kh úiska m%ldYhg m;alr we;s ue;sjrK
l%u ie,iqï lsÍu 2005( kj cd;Hka;r whsãBta w;a fmd;^ISBN 91-85391-35-2& mokï ù we;
ue;sjrK l%u f;dard .ekSfï uQ,sl isoaOdka; iy úl,am ue;sjrKl%u i;= .=K w.=K iy wdh;k ie,iqïlrejka i|yd jQ Wmfoiams<sn| flá úia;rhla fuys wvx.= fõ' uq,a w;a fmdf;a i|yka
kso¾Yk iy úIhdkqnoaO wOHhk bj;a lr we;s w;r úúO lreKqikd: lsÍfï ;¾l ú;¾l hkdÈh ,>qfldg olajd ;sfí'
zue;sjrK l%u ie,iqï lsÍu 2005 lD;shZ
m%cd;ka;%jdoh iy ue;sjrK l%u i|yd iydh ùfï cd;Hka;rwdh;kfha Electoral System Design 2005 lD;sfha Rcq mßj¾;khls'
mßj¾;kfha ksrjoHNdjh ms<sn| ielhla we;s jQ úg § uq,a bx.%Sismsgmf;ys ̂ wka;¾.;h j,x.= fõ'
isxy, mßj¾;kfha Ndrldr;ajh úl,am m%;sm;a;s flakaøh i;= fõ'
úl,am m%;sm;a;s flakaøh24$2" 28 jeks mgqu." u,a mdr" fld<U 07'
ÿrl:kh ( 011-2565304-06*elaia ( 011-4714460
fjí wvúh ( www.cpalanka.orgISBN : 91-85391-77-8
2
cd;Hka;r whsãBta m%ldYk ksYaÑ; cd;sl fyda foaYmd,k wjYH;dksfhdackh fkdlrhs' fuu m%ldYkfha ±lafjk woyia wjYHfhka ucd;Hka;r whsãBta wdh;kfha fyda tys md,kdêldßfha fyda tysksfhdað;hskaf.a fyda woyia fkdjkq we;'
fuu m%ldYkfha wvx.= is;shï fj;ska l=uk fyda N+ñ m%foaYhlffk;sl ;rd;sr u fyda tajdfha foaY iSud udhsï wkqu; lsÍulams<sn|j wdh;kfha foaYmd,k u;h m%ldY fkdfõ'
tfia u" l=uk fyda rgla fyda N+ñ m%foaYhla ia:dk.; lsÍu fyda tysúYd,;ajh fj;ska fuu wdh;kfha foaYmd,k u;h ksrEmkhfkdfõ'
yqfola lreKq meyeÈ,s lsÍfï wruqKska fuu is;shï ilid we;'
C m%cd;ka;%jdoh yd ue;sjrKj,g iydhùfï cd;Hka;r wdh;kh2005
fuu m%ldYkh fyda bka l=uk fyda fldgila m%;Hq;amdokh lsÍufyda mßj¾;kh lsÍu wjYH fõ kï ta i|yd wkque;sh my;i|yka wdh;kfhka ,nd .ekSu uekú'
m%ldYk ld¾hd,hcd;Hka;r whsãBtatiaB-10334 iafgdlafydaïiaùvka
msgljrh iy is;shï ie,iqï lsÍu ( ue.akia w,alajd¾
msgljrfha PdhdrEmh ^iS& - ms%fikaia ì,aâ
fmd; ie,iqï lsÍu ( frdìka vfgkaf*,aÜ
uqøKh ( nQ,aia áflaß" iaùvkh
ISBN 91-85391-77-8
3
mgqk
ue;sjrK l%uhla f;dard.ekSu 4
ue;sjrK l%u hkq l=ula o@ 5
ue;sjrK l%u ie,iqï lsÍfï m%ñ;Ska 8
ue;sjrK l%u ie,iqï lsÍfï ls%hdj,sh 13
ue;sjrK l%uhla f;dard.ekSu 15
ue;sjrK l%uj,ska w;ajk jdis yd wjdis 19
ksfhdackh iy mßmd,kh ( jeo.;a lreKq lSmhla 22
ue;sjrK l%u iy foaYmd,k mCI 24
miqjok - úúO úl,am iy uQ,O¾u 25
ue;sjrK l%u ie,iqï lsÍfï § mÍCIdjg,laúh hq;= m%Odk lreKq 30
.egmo újrKh 31
4
ue;sjrK l%uhla f;dard .ekSu
ue;sjrK l%uhla f;dard.ekSu m%cd;ka;%jdofha idOkSh j¾Okh
wruqKq fldg.;a w;sYh jeo.;a ;SrKhls' hï rgla ;=< lsishï
ue;sjrK l%uhla ia:dmkh l< miq tu.ska tys foaYmd,k Ôú;hg
uyÕ= n,mEula isÿjkjd fkd wkqudk h' jrla ia:dmkh lrk ,o
ue;sjrK l%uh rg ;=< È.ska È.g iún, .ekafjñka mj;skq we;'
tfiau f;dard.;a ue;sjrK l%uhla fj;ska úúO wfmaCIs; yd wkfmaCIs;
m%;sM, we;sùug o bv we;' f;dard.;a ue;sjrK l%uh hï m%Yakhlg
fok ,o zzksj/È ms<s;=rlaZZ jYfhka mgq ks.ukhlg msúish fkdyels
w;r ienúka u th uQ,sl foaYmd,k ls%hdj,shla jYfhka ie,lsh
yels h'
ue;sjrK l%uhla f;dard .ekSfï § foaYmd,k jdis flfrys
keUqreùfï m%jk;dhla ols; yels h' flá ld,Sk foaYmd,k jdis
flfrys Wkkaÿùu ksid ue;sjrK l%uhla ;=<ska §¾> ld,Sk jYfhka
isÿúh yels m%;sM, wfydais ùug bv we;' ue;sjrK l%uhlska mq¿,a
foaYmd,k iy wd¾Ól jHqyhg ie,lsh hq;= n,mEula isÿl< yels h'
fldhsu rgl fyda ue;sjrK l%uhla ;ks wdh;khla jYfhka
úu¾Ykhg ,la l< fkdyels w;r" bka we;sjk n,mEu iy tys
wdlD;sh wdKavq l%u jHjia:dj iy bka ndysr wfkl=;a úúO jHqyhka
u; fndfyda ÿrg r|d mj;skq we;' iuia;hla jYfhka mj;akd
foaYmd,k wdh;kj, jHqyh wjOdkhg ,la lsÍu u.ska jvd;a id¾:l
ue;sjrK l%uhla i|yd wdlD;shla ks¾udKh l< yels h' fuu jHqyh
;=< hï fjkila isÿ l<fyd;a thg iïnkaO wfkl=;a wdh;kj,g o
th fnfyúka n,mdkq we;' kso¾Ykhla jYfhka mlaI kdhlhska iy
fCI;%fha ls%hdldÍka w;r we;sjk .egqï ksrdlrKh lsÍfï § f;dard
.kakd ,o ue;sjrK l%uh thg WmldÍ jkafka flfia o@ mlaIfhka
f;aÍ m;a jQ ksfhdað;hska iïnkaOfhka ljr md,khla mlaI kdhlhska
i;=j ;sfí o@
m%cd;ka;%jd§ wdh;k W!K mQrKh lrkq ,nk cku; úpdrKh"
iy mqrjeis uQ,sl Rcq m%cd;ka;%jdoh jeks Wmhd ud¾. i|yd wdKavql%u
jHjia:dj u.ska úfYaI úêúOdk i,id ;sfí o@ ue;sjrK l%uh yd ta
ms<sn| úêúOdk wdKavq l%u jHjia:dj ;=< m%Odk jYfhka wka;¾.;
ù ;sfí o@ ke;fyd;a" úfYaI Wmf,aLkhla jYfhka we;=<;a lr ;sfí
o@ hk fï lreKq wkqidrfhka ue;sjrK l%uh myiqfjka fjkia l<
fkdyels wdldrhg ia:dms; ù ;sfí o@ ke;fyd;a" f;aÍ m;a jQ nyq;rhg
th fjkia lsÍu i|yd fl;rï ÿrg bvlv újD;j ;sfí o hkak
ks.ukh lsÍug yels fõ'
uOH.; lsÍfï ls%hdj,sfha § hd yels iSudj iy md¾,sfïka;= l%uh
iy ckm;s l%uh hk fol w;=ßka iqÿiq tlla f;dard.ekSu w;sYh
jeo.;a lreKq folls'
ue;sjrK l%uhla f;dard .ekSu
m%cd;ka;%jdofha idOkSh j¾Okh
wruqKq fldg.;a w;sYh jeo.;a
;SrKhls'
ue;sjrK l%uhla ia:dmkh l<miq
tu.ska rgl foaYmd,k Ôú;hg uyÕ=
n,mEula isÿjkjd fkdwkqudk h'
f;dard.;a ue;sjrK l%uh hï
m%Yakhlg fok ,o zzksjerÈ ms<s;=rlaZZ
jYfhka mgq ks.ukhlg msúish
fkdyels w;r ieneúka u th uQ,sl
foaYmd,k ls%hdj,shla jYfhka ie,lsh
yelsh'
ish¨ foaYmd,k wdh;k w;=ßka
úfYaIfhka" ue;sjrK l%u fnfyúka
jeo.;ajk w;r rfÜ md,khg wod<
mq¿,a úIhhka iïnkaOfhka b;du;au
m%fhdackj;a fõ'
5
rg ;=< we;af;a talSh fyda fmvr,a udÈ,sfha wdKavq l%u jHjia:djla
o iy th fmvr,a jHjia:djla kï ta hgf;a fmvr,a tall i|yd
n,h ,nd § we;af;a wiuñÓl fyda iuñÓl mokula hgf;a o@
ue;sjrK l%uhla ie,iqï lsÍfï § úOdhl yd jHjia:dodhl
wdh;k w;r mj;akd iïnkaO;dj tu wxY folg u fnfyúka jeo.;a
fõ' uyck;djf.a Pkaofhka Rcqj u f;aÍ m;a jQ ckdêm;sjrhl=g
jHjia:dodhlfhka m%udKj;a iyfhda.hla fkd,efnkafka kï hym;a
whqßka rfÜ md,k lghq;= lrf.k hdu Tyqg wiSre jkq we;'
ckdêm;sjrhd iy jHjia:dodhlhd úiska tlsfklg fjkia
wdldrfha ld¾hNdrhla bgq lrkq ,nQj o" ckdêm;s l%uh iy w¾O
ckdêm;s l%uh iys; m%cd;ka;%jdohla ;=< ckdêm;s ;k;=r iy
jHjia:dodhlh i|yd jQ ue;sjrK l%u tlg f.k i,ld ne,Su wjYH
fõ' ta iu.u ue;sjrK tljr meje;aùu fyda wkHdldrfhka isÿlsÍu
iy foaYmd,k mCI len,sj,g leãhdu fuka u foaYmd,k mCI iy
f;aÍ m;a jQ uyck ksfhdað;hska w;r mj;akd in|;d Èß.kajk fyda
miqnEug ,la lrk úêúOdk ta iu. u i,ld ne,sh hq;=hs'
ish¨ foaYmd,k wdh;k w;=ßka úfYaIfhka ue;sjrK l%u fnfyúka
jeo.;a jk w;r rfÜ md,khg wod< mq¿,a úIhhka iïnkaOfhka
b;du;a u m%fhd ackj;a fõ' kso¾Ykhla jYfhka ue;sjrK
fldÜGdYhla ksfhdackh lsÍu iy iudkqmd;sl;ajh ÈhqKq lr,Su"
Yla;su;a yd fomhska ke.S isáh yels cd;sl foaYmd,kh iún, .ekaùu"
ldka;djka fukau l,dmSh iq¿ck fldgia ksfhdackh lsÍu iy iqúfYaI
Èß.ekaùï yd iSud mekùï hkdÈh ks¾udKd;aul jYfhka m%fhdackhg
fhdod .ekSfuka fn§ fjka ù .sh iudchla ;=< úúO ck fldgia w;r
iyfhda.S;djh iy Tjqka iudc m%jdyhg wjfYdaIkh lr.ekSu hkd§
wruqKq iM, lr .ekSu Wfoid ue;sjrK l%uh ie,iqï l< hq;= h'
ue;sjrK l%uh hkq l=ula o@
uy ue;sjrKhl § uyck;dj úiska m%ldY lrk ,o iajlSh Pkaoh
wjidkfha § foaYmd,k mCI iy PkaodfmalaIlhska úiska Èkd.kakd
,o wdik njg mßj¾;kh ùu uQ,sl jYfhka ue;sjrK l%uhlska
isÿjk ld¾hh fõ'
ue;sjrK l%uh m%Odk úp,Hhka ;=klska iukaú; fõ' tkï
m%:ufhka ue;sjrK wdlD;sh ^nyq;aj$nyq;r" ñY%" iudkqmd;sl fyda
fjk;a iqúfYaI l%uhla fhdod .kafka o hkak iy wdik ixLHdj fjka
lsÍfï,d l=uK .Ks; l%uhla Wmfhda.S lr.kafka o@& fojkqj Pkao
m;s%ldfõ jHqyh ^Pkao odhlhd hï foaYmd,k mlaIhlg fyda
wfmalaIlfhl=g iajlSh Pkaoh m%ldY lrkafkao iy tla wfmalaIlfhl=
uy ue;sjrKhl § uyck;dj úiska
m%ldY lrk ,o iajlSh Pkaoh
wjidkfha § foaYmd,k mCI iy
PkaodfmaCIlhska úiska Èkd.kakd ,o
wdik njg mßj¾;kh ùu uQ,sl
jYfhka ue;sjrK l%uhlska isÿjk
ld¾hh fõ''''
iEu Pkao odhlhl= úiska u yßhgu
;u tlu Pkaoh ,nd§fuka miqj jqj o"
f;dard.kq ,enQ ue;sjrK l%uh wkqj
ue;sjrKfha m%;sM,h fndfyda fihska
fjkia jkq we;'''
iuyr ue;sjrK l%u foaYmd,k mlaI
Èß.kajkjd muKla fkdj" we;eï
wjia:djkays § tajd ls%hdjg kexùu
i|yd Rcqj u odhl fjhs'
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i|yd l;srh i,l=Kq lrkafka o@ fyda wfmalaIlhska lSm fofkl=
i|yd iajlSh ukdmh m%ldY lrkafka o@& iy f;jkqj Èia;s%lalfha
úYd,;ajh ̂ tkï Èia;s%lalfha Pkaoodhlhska fldmuK Ôj;a jkafka o
hkak fkdj" tu Èia;s%lalh úiska jHjia:dodhlhg ksfhdað;hska
fldmuK ixLHdjla m;a lrkafka o@& wdÈ jYfhks'
fï yerek úg ue;sjrKhla yd iïnkaO mßmd,kuh lreKq ̂ tkï
ue;sjrKhla meje;aùug wjYH Pkao uOHia:dk msysg qùu'
wfmalaIlhskaf.a kï m%ldYhg m;a lsÍu" iy Pkao odhlhska ,shdmÈxÑ
lsÍu hkdÈh& iqúfYaI jeo.;alula ork w;r ta i|yd ksis wjOdkh
fhduq fkdjQkfyd;a wmf.a ie,ls,a,g ,laj we;s ue;sjrK l%ufhka
w;aúh yels jdis fyda fjk;a ,dN hkdÈh wysñ ùug bv we;'
ue;sjrK l%u ie,iqï lsÍfï § ue;sjrK kS;sÍ;s flfrys o úúO
n,mEï t,a, fõ' Èia;s%la udhsï ks¾Kh lsÍu" Pkao odhlhska ,shdmÈxÑ
lrkq ,nkafka flfia o@" Pkao m;s%ldfõ wdlD;sh l=ula o" Pkao .Kka
lrekq ,nkafka flfia o iy ue;sjrK ls%hdj,shg iïnkaO wfkl=;a
úúO lreKq bka iuyrls' iEu Pkao odhlhl= úiska u yßhg u ;u
tlu Pkaoh ,nd§fuka iy iEu mlaIhla i|yd yßhg u tlu Pkao
ixLHdjla ,eîfuka miqj jqj o" f;dard .kq ,enQ ue;sjrK l%uh wkqj
ue;sjrKfha m%;sM, fnfyda fihska fjkia jkq we;' tkï" tla l%uhla
wkq.ukh lsÍfuka iNd. rchlg fyda iq¿;r rchlg u.mEfok
w;r" ;j;a l%uhla hgf;a ;ks mlaIhlg nyq;r n,hla N=la;sú£ug
yelsjkq we;'
ue;sjrK l%u iy mlaI l%u
iuyr ue;sjrK l%u foaYmd,k mlaI Èß.kajkjd muKla fkdj"
we;eï wjia:djkays§ tajd ls%hdjg kexùu i|yd Rcqj u odhl fj;s'
;j;a iuyr ue;sjrK l%u flaj, wfmalaIlhska muKla ms<s.ks;s'
úfYaIfhka" jHjia:dodhlh ;=< ksfhdackh jk foaYmd,k mlaI
ixLHdj iy tajdfha mq¿,a ixhq;sh we;=¨ j¾Okh fjñka mj;sk hï
mlaI l%uhla fõ o ta i|yd ue;sjrK l%ufhka ±ä n,mEula isÿ fõ'
tfiau foaYmd,k mlaIj, wNHka;r iu.sh yd úkh iïnkaOfhka o
ue;sjrK l%ufhka n,mEï isÿ fõ( mlaI wNHka;rfha úúO lKavdhï
w;r ksrka;r wdrjq,a iy .egqï mj;sk wjia:djkays we;eï ue;sjrK
l%u fj;ska lÜájdoh i|yd wdOdr yd wkqn, ,efí' fï w;r
wNHka;rfhka mek k.sk úreoaO u;jdoj,g bvfkd§ mlaIh ;=<
talu;slNdjh Èßu;a lrjk ue;sjrK l%u o ;sfí' foaYmd,k mlaI
úiska iajlSh m%pdrl lghq;= mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk wdldrh iy
foaYmd,k flI;%fha úYsIag mqoa.,hskaf.a p¾hdj flfrys n,mEï isÿ
lrñka mq¿,a foaYmd,k mrdihla ks¾udKh lsÍug o ue;sjrK
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l%uj,ska wkqn, ,efí' ;jo" mlaI w;r ixOdk f.dv ke.Sug rel=,a
§u fyda wffO¾hu;a lsÍuo isÿl< yels h' tfiau foaYmd,k mlaI yd
lKavdhïj,g jvd mq¿,a mokula u; ls%hd lsÍug iy wfkl=;a mlaI
fyda lKavdhïj,g Wmldß jk iykYS,S m%;sm;a;shla wkq.ukh lsÍug
fyda mgq cd;sljd§ fyda {d;s in|;djka u; mokï ùug o ue;sjrK
l%uj,g yelshdj ;sfí' kj wdh;ksl jHqyhla fyda ue;sjrK kS;shla
iïmdokh lsÍfï § yels;dla ÿrg mß.%dySùu u.ska ue;sjrK myiq
lsÍfï wfmalaId we;sjQ;a mqoa.,jd§ iy jd¾.sl;ajh mokï jQ foaYmd,k
mlaI l%uh len,sj,g ì£hdfï wjodkula mj;S'
ta ksid jHjia:dodhlh ksfhdackh lsÍu i|yd ie,iqï lsÍfï §
wjYHjkq we;'
úúOdldrfha mlaI /ila ìysùu wd{odhl;ajfhka ksoyi ,;a
rgj, ue;sjrKj, § myiqfjka ols; yels ,laIKhls' tfiau wjYH
ck;d iyfhda.hla fkdue;sj bÈßhg hd fkdyelsj yqol,d jQ
foaYmd,k mlaI iafõÉPdfjka u foaYmd,k rx.mSGfhka bj;aùfï
wjia:d o we;'
ue;sjrK l%u iy w¾nqo l<ukdlrKh
iudch ;=< mj;akd fkdikaiqkaldÍ;ajh W;aikak lsÍug fyda tys
nrm;,lu wju lsÍug úúO ue;sjrK l%uj,g yelshdj we;' tla
wjia:djl iq¿ cd;sl lKavdhïj, ksfhdackh jeo.;a nj wjOdrKh
lrk ue;sjrK l%u iy thg b÷rdu fjkia whqßka m%n, ;ks mlaI
rchlg wkqn, imhk ue;sjrK l%u w;r ksrka;rfhka
fkdikaiqkaldÍ ;;a;ajhla yg .efka'
;j;a wjia:djl B<Õ ue;sjrKfha § ;ukag ch.%yKh lsÍfï
bvm%ia:d we;ehs is;Sug úreoaO mlaIhg mj;akd foaYmd,k rduqj
;=< bv fkd,efnkafka kï yd mj;akd ue;sjrK l%uh idOdrK fkdjk
njg ta;a;= hkafka kï mrdchg m;ajQ msßia m%Odk m%jdyfhka msgmek
m%cd;ka;S%h fkdjk m%pKavldÍ udj;la lrd msúiSug fm<fUkq we;'
Pkaoh m%ldY lsÍfï ld¾hh myiq lsÍu fyda ixlS¾K njg m;a
lsÍu f;dard.;a ue;sjrK l%uh u; fndfyda ÿrg r|d mj;sk fyhska"
iq¿ck fldgiaj,g yd jrm%ido fkd,;a lKavdhïj,g n,mEï isÿùu
fkdje<elaúh yels h'
iudch ;=< mj;akd fkdikaiqkaldÍ
;;a;ajh W;aikak lsÍug fyda tys
nrm;,lu wju lsÍug úúO ue;sjrK
l%uj,g yelshdj we;'''''
B<Õ ue;sjrKfha § ;ukag ch.%yKh
lsÍfï bv m%ia:d we;ehs is;Sug úreoaO
mCIhg mj;akd foaYmd,k rduqj ;=<
bv fkd,efnkafka kï yd mj;akd
ue;sjrK l%uh idOdrK fkdjk njg
ta;a;= hkafka kï mrdchg m;a jQ msßia
m%Odk m%jdyfhka msg mek m%cd;ka;%Sh
fkdjk m%pKavdlÍ udj;lg msúiSug
fm<fUkq we;'
8
ue;sjrK l%u ie,iqï lsÍfï m%ñ;Ska
ue;sjrK l%uhla ie,iqï lsÍfï § wmf.a wruqKq" wm úiska neyer
l< hq;= oE iy mq¿,a jYfhka .;a l, wmf.a jHjia:dodhl iy
úOdhl rch l=uk uqyqKqjrla .; hq;= o hkak leá fldg fmkakqï
lrkq ,nk m%ñ;Ska lSmhla Wmfhda.S lr.ekSu fnfyúka WÑ; h'
wdh;ksl jHqyhka ie,iqï lsÍfï § iajNdjfhka u úúO ;r.ldÍ
wNs,dIhka iy wruqKq hï;dla ÿrg iudfhdackh l< hq;=j ;sfí'
iajNdjfhka u tjeks jHdhduhl § úúO .eg¨ rdYshlg uqyqK
mEug isÿfjkq we;' kso¾Ykhla jYfhka flfkl= iajdëk wfmalaIlhska
f;dard m;a lsÍu i|yd wjia:dj ,ndÈh hq;= hhs mjik w;r u Yla;su;a
foaYmd,k mlaI msysgqùu wjOdrKh lrkq we;' wfmalaIlhska fuka u
foaYmd,k mlaI f;dard .ekSu i|yd o Pkaoodhlhskag mq¿,a bvlvla
,nd§fï l%uhla y÷kajd §fï § Pkao m;s%ldfõ iajrEmh ixlS¾K jkq
we;' th wvq wOHdmkhla iys; Pkao odhlhskag uy;a .eg¨jla jkq
fkd wkqudk h' ue;sjrK l%uhla f;dard .ekSu fyda ifYdaOkh lsÍu
hkq b;du;a jeo.;a m%ñ;Ska m%uqL;ajhla u; msysgqjd bkamiq l=uk
ue;sjrK l%uhla fyda tajdfha tl;=jla nj wruqKq idlaId;a lr,Sfï,d
Wmßu jYfhka odhljkafka o hkak ;lafiare lsÍuhs' u;= ±lafjk
m%ñ;Ska we;eï wjia:djkays tlsfkl yd >Ügkh jk w;r tajd
wkqms<sfj<lg ilia lsÍu jkdys ue;sjrK ls%hdj,sfha b;du;a u
wNsfhda.d;aul ld¾hh jkq we;'
ksfhdackh ie,iSu
ksfhdackh wju jYfhka fldgia y;rlg fnod fjka l< yels h'
m%:ufhka iEu l,dmhla fyda m%Odk k.rhla fyda iq¿ k.rhla fyda
fõjd" md<d;la fyda ue;sjrK fldÜGdYhla fyda fõjd" rfÜ N+ñfhka
hï lsis m%foaYhla ksfhdackh lrñka jHjia:dodhlhg f;aÍ m;a jQ
uyck ksfhdað;hska wjidkfha § tu m%foaYhg j.lsj hq;=j we;'
fojkqj" iudch ;=< mj;akd foaYmd,k u;jdo" úúO foaYmd,k
mlaI fyda iajdëk lKavdhïj, ksfhdað;hska fyda ta foflau fmdÿ
ksfhdað;hska yryd jHjia:dodhlfha § ksfhdackh fõ'
f;jkqj foaYmd,k mlaIj,g u;jd§ mokula fkdue;s jqjo" rg
;=< mj;akd mlaI - foaYmd,k ixhq;sh jHjia:dodhlh ;=< ksfhdackh
úh yels h' Pkao odhlhskaf.a wvl Pkaoh ,nd.;a foaYmd,k
mlaIhlg jHjia:dodhlfha tlu wdikhla fyda Èkd.ekSug fkdyels
jkafka kï tu ue;sjrK l%uh ck;d wNs,dIhka m%udKj;a whqßka
ksfhdackh lrk nj lsj fkdyelshs'
9
i;r fjkqj" zzlevm;a ksfhdackhZZ ms<sn| ixl,amh wkqj
jHjia:dodhlh hï m%udKhlg fyda zzcd;sfha levm;ZZ úh hq;=hs'
iuia;hla jYfhka ck;dj wx. iïmQ¾K ksfhdackh jk nj ta ;=<ska
m%o¾Ykh ùu jeo.;a' m%udKj;a z levm;a ksfhdackhlaZ ;=< .eyekq"
msßñ" ;reK iy uy¨ ÿmam;a iy fmdfydi;a hkd§ iudcfha ish¨
fldgia fuka u úúO wd.ñl lKavdhï" úúO NdId l;d lrk
lKavdhï iy jd¾.sl ck fldgia o we;=<;a úh hq;=hs'
ue;sjrK w¾:j;a lsÍu iy ck;djg ióm lsÍu
ue;sjrKhla ck;djg jeo.;a jqj;a" Pkaoh §u ÿIalr ld¾hhla
ù we;akï fyda Tjqkaf.a Pkaoh rfÜ md,kfha fjkila isÿ lsÍug
wfmdfydi;a ù we;akï bka ck;djg isÿjk fi;la fkdue;'
Pkao m;s%ldfõ ixlS¾K iajrEmh" Pkao odhlhskg Pkao
uOHia:dkhg hdfï myiqj" Pkao odhlhskaf.a kdu f,aLkh fl;rï
ÿrg wx. iïmQ¾K o iy iajlSh Pkao m;s%ldfõ rydiHNdjh
iïnkaOfhka Pkao odhlhd fld;rï ÿrg iEySug m;ajkafka o hk
lreKq u; Pkaoh m%ldY lsÍu r|d mj;shs' cd;sl uÜgñka fyda Èia;s%la
uÜgñka meje;afjk ue;sjrKhl wjidk m%;sM,h u.ska rcfha bÈß
.uk ie,lsh hq;= fjkilg Ndckh ùug bv we;s úfgl ue;sjrKh
i|yd jQ ck;d iyNd.s;ajh by< hdug bv ;sfí'
zzwei.yf.kZZ isák wfmalaIlhdg Tfí Èia;s%lalfhka ch.%yKh
lsÍug bvla fkdue;s nj Tng yefÕa kï" Pkaoh §ug Tn Èßu;a
jkafka o@ we;eï ue;sjrK l%u hgf;a zzwmf;a .sh PkaoZ ̂ Wod( l=uk
fyda wfmalaIlhl= f;dardm;a lsÍfï § ie,ls,a,g fkd.efkk j,x.=
Pkao& m%udKh rfÜ iuia; Pkao ixLHdfjka ie,lsh hq;= fldgila
úh yelshs'
ue;sjrK l%u i;= ld¾hNdrh
ue;sjrK l%u rfÜ md,kh i|yd wjYH wdh;k msysgqùu msKsi
Wmfhda.s lr.; yelsjd muKla fkdj iudch ;=< mek k.sk úúO
w¾nqo l<ukdlrKh i|yd fuj,ula jYfhka o m%fhdackhg .;
yels h'
iuyr wjia:dj, we;eï úfYaI ;;a;ajhka hgf;a foaYmd,k
mlaIj,g iajlSh zzPkao n,uq¨fjkaZZ tmsg m%;súreoaO l|jqf¾ iydh
me;Su i|yd o ue;sjrK l%u fj;ska rel=,a iemfha' hï foaYmd,k
mlaIhla m%Odk jYfhka l¿ cd;slhskaf.a Pkaoh ,nd.ekSug iu;aj
isáh § jqjo" úfYaI ue;sjrK l%uhla úiska iqÿ cd;slhskaf.a fyda
fjk;a lKavdhul Pkaoh ,nd.ekSu i|yd tu mlaIhg fm<Uùï
ue;sjrKhla ck;djg jeo.;a jqj;a"
Pkaoh §u ÿIalr ld¾hhla ù we;akï
fyda Tjqkaf.a Pkaoh rfÜ md,kfha
fjkila isÿ lsÍug wfmdfydi;a ù
isàkï bka ck;djg isÿjk fi;la
fkdue;'
10
lrkq we;' ta wkqj foaYmd,k mlaI ì£ fjka ù hdu fjkqjg mß.%dyS
iajrEmfhka jvd;a iún, .ekafjkq we;' Èß.ekaùï iemfhk tn÷
ue;sjrK l%u u.ska foaYmd,k mlaI mgq jd¾.sl" l,dmSh" NdIdjl
hk u;jd§ fya;= Wv leä fjka ù hdfï m%jk;djka wju lrkq
we;'
ldisfha wfkla me;a; i,ld n,uq'
iajlSh lKavdhfuka msg idïm%odhsl jYfhka fjk;a lKavdhula
ksfhdackh lr we;s mlaIj,g Pkaoh §u .ek is;d ne,Su i|yd Pkao
odhlhska fm<Uùug ue;sjrK l%uj,g yelshdj ;sfí'
Pkaoh m%ldY lsÍfï tn÷ p¾hdjka m%cdfõ ÈhqKqjg uy;a
msájyf,ls' Pkao odhlfhl=g tllg jvd jeäfhka Pkao ysñlr fok
l%u fyda ish ukdmh mßÈ l;srh .eiSu Èßu;a lrkq ,nk ue;sjrK
l%uj,g Pkao odhlhskag iSud nkaOkj,ska f;drj ksoyfia iajlSh
Pkaoh mdúÉÑ lsÍfï wjia:dj ,nd§fï yelshdj we;'
Yla;su;a yd ld¾hlaIu rchla i|yd myiqlï ie,iSu
Yla;su;a iy ld¾hlaIu rchla i|yd jQ wfmalaId ue;sjrK
l%uhlska muKla imqrd,Sug fkdyelsuq;a lsishï ue;sjrK l%uhlska
we;sjk m%;sM, rg ;=< ia:djr;ajh ;yjqre lsÍfï,d úúO whqßka
odhl jkq we;'
fï w;r ue;sjrK l%uh idOdrK njg Pkao odhlhska l,amkd
lrkafka o" rchg ld¾hlaIu whqßka wjYH kS;sÍ;s mekùu u.ska rg
md,kh l< yels o iy ue;sjrK l%uh hgf;a hï mlaI fyda Wkkaÿjla
olajk lKavdhïj,g flkys,slï isÿjkafka o hk fïjd jeo.;a
m%Yak njg m;a ù ;sfí'
ms<sfj<ska jHjia:d odhlh ;=<ska ,nd.; yels nyq;rfha iyfhda.h
iy ue;sjrK l%uh hk lreKq u;" n,fha isák rchg ld¾hlaIu
whqßka jHjia:d mekúh yelso hkak wv jYfhka r|d mj;S' f,dal
iïu; kS;shla fkdjQjo" w;a±lSï u; mokï jQ m%dfhda.sl Í;shla
jYfhka nyq;aj $nyq;r ue;sjrK l%uj,g tla foaYmd,k mlaIhla
,jd uq¿ taldnoaO úreoaO mlaIhu mrojd,Sug iu;a jHjia:dodhlhla
msysgq úh yels h' fï w;r iudkqmd;sl ue;sjrK l%uh u.ska iydh
wdKavq msysgqùu myiq l< yels h'
ue;sjrK l%uh yels;dla ÿrg ish¨ mlaI yd wfmalaIlhska foig
mlaI.%dyS núka f;drj iudkj ls%hd l< hq;= h' th t<smsg u l=uk
fyda foaYmd,k lKavdhulg wvq fyda jeä ie,ls,s ±laùfuka je<ls
isáh hq;=hs' m%cd;ka;%jd§ rgl ue;sjrK foaYmd,kh ieug iudk
wjia:d fkdi,lk njg me;sÍ we;s wdl,am cd;sl foaYmdk foayfha
Yla;su;a iy ld¾hlaIu rchla i|yd
jQ wfmalaId ue;sjrK l%uhlska muKla
imqrd,Sug fkdyelsuq;a lsishï
ue;sjrK l%uhlska we;sjk m%;sM, rg
;=< ia:djr;ajh ;yjqre lsÍfï,d úúO
whqßka odhl jkq we;'
ue;sjrK l%uh yels;dla ÿrg ish¨
mCI yd wfmaCIlhka foig mCI.%dyS
núka f;drj iudkj ls%hdl< hq;= h'
th t<smsg u l=uk fyda foaYmd,k
lKavdhulg wvq fyda jeä ie,ls,s
±laùfuka je<lS isáh hq;= h'
m%cd;ka;%jd§ rgl ue;sjrK
foaYmd,kh ieug iudk wjia:d
fkdi,ik njg me;sÍ we;s wdl,am
cd;sl foaYmd,k foayfha ÿn,Ndjh
ixfla;j;a jk w;r rfÜ
wia:djrNdjh <Õ <Õu isÿjk njg
flfrk wk;=re weÕùula fia ie,lsh
yels h'
11
ÿn,;dj ixfla;j;a jk w;r rfÜ wia:djrNdjh <Õ <Õu isÿjk
njg flfrk wk;=re weÕùula fia ie,lsh yels h'
rch u; j.lSï Ndrh mejÍu
j.lSïNdrh ±Íu ksfhdað; rchl uQ,sldx.hls' th fkdue;s ;ek
§¾> ld,Sk wia:djrNdjhg u. mEfoa' tlaflda n,fha isák mlaI
iNd.h fjkia lrñka fyda ck;d wjYH;d imqrd,Sug wfmdfydi;a jQ
md,l mlaIhla n,fhka mylrñka fyda rcfha ls%hdl,dmh fjkilg
,la lsÍu i|yd n,mEï lsÍug Pkao odhlhskag yelsúh hq;=hs' fuu
wruqK idlaId;a lsÍfï,d WÑ; wdldrfhka ie,iqï lrk ,o ue;sjrK
l%uj,g yelshdj we;'
uyck ksfhdað;hska fj; j.lSï Ndrh mejÍu
Pkaofhka f;aÍm;a jQ uyck ksfhdað;hska ue;sjrKh ;=< §
ck;djg ÿka fmdfrdkaÿ lvlr ;sfí o fyda rdcldßfha § wld¾hlaIu
Ndjh fyda w,ilu m%o¾Ykh lrkq ,nkafka o hkak uekúka mÍlaId
lr n,d Tjqka m,jd yeÍfï Pkao odhlhska i;= yelshdj hkq mqoa.,
uÜgfï j.lSï Ndrh imqrd,Suhs'
we;eï ue;sjrK l%u rfÜ m%n, cd;sl mlaIhla úiska kï lrk
,o wfmalaIlhskag jvd ck;dj w;r ckms%h Ndjhla Wiq,k
wfmalaIlhskaf.a ld¾hNdrh wjOdrKh lr;s' WodiSk yd wld¾hlaIu
uyck ksfhdað;hska m,jd yeÍu i|yd Pkao odhlhskag nyq;aj$nyq;r
ue;sjrK l%u idïm%odhsl jYfhka uy;a msájy,la ù we;s nj
fmfk;;a" wfmalaIlhdg jvd foaYmd,k mlaIj,g m%uqLia:dkh ,eîfï
§ th wl¾ukH fõ' ta iu. u idukqmd;sl Pkao l%uh hgf;a zzújD;
,hsia;= l%uhZZ wkqidrfhka Pkao m;s%ldj u; iajlSh ukdmh m%ldY
lsÍug Pkaoodhlhskag yelshdj ;sfí'
foaYmd,k mlaI Èß .ekaùu
ld,hla mqrd m%cd;ka;%jdoh uekúka ia:dms; jQ rgj,a fukau ;ju;a
<ore úfha miqjk m%cd;ka;%jd§ iudc ,;a w;a±lSï wkqj
m%cd;ka;%jdoh .eUqßka uq,a nei .ekSu i|yd foaYmd,k mlaI Yla;su;a
mokula u; mj;ajd f.k hdu wjYH neúka ta i|yd ue;sjrK l%uh
m%n, rel=,la jkjd ñi foaYmd,k mlaI len,sj,g ì£hdug bv
fkdÈh hq;=hs' iq¿ fyda wdrïNl uÜgfï ck;d iyfhda.hla N=la;sú¢k
mlaI foaYmd,k rx. mSGfhka bj;a lsÍfï wruqKska ue;sjrK l%u
ie,iqï lsÍfï yelshdj o we;' foaYmd,k kdhlhskaf.a wkd.;h
12
r|d mj;sk foaYmd,k mlaI k.d isgqùu fyda wl¾ukH lsÍu b,lal
lr.ksñka ue;sjrK l%u ie,iqï lsÍfï yelshdj we;'
jHjia:dodhlh ;=< úreoaO mlaIh Yla;su;a lsÍu
ld¾hlaIu rdcH md,khla i|yd n,fha isák md,l mlaIh muKla
fkdj úreoaO mlaIh i;=j o j.lsj hq;= ld¾hNdrhla mejÍ ;sfí'
ksrka;r wëlaIKh Tjqka i;= m%n, j.lSuls' rcfha kS;s iïmdok
ld¾hhka úfõpkd;aulj úuid ne,Su úOdhlfha ld¾h idOkh m%Yak
lsÍu" iq¿ck fldgiaj, whs;sjdislï iq/lSu iy iajlSh Pkao
odhlhska jevodhS whqßka ksfhdackh lsÍu hkd§ ck;djg jeo.;a
jk lreKq imqrd,Su i|yd m%n, úreoaO mlaIhl wjYH;dj ;yjqre
lsÍug ue;sjrK l%uh iu;a úh hq;=hs' úreoaO mlaIhg o ;u
ld¾hNdrh id¾:lj bgq lsÍu i|yd jHjia:dodhlh ;=< m%udKj;a
Yla;shla ;sìh hq;= h' md¾,sfïka;= l%uh hgf;a úreoaO mlaIh" n,fha
isák rchg fyd| úl,amhls' ue;sjrK l%uh yerek úg fjk;a
jeo.;a idOl /ila u; úreoaO mlaIfha Yla;sh r|d mj;sk w;r"
hï fyhlska tu ue;sjrK l%uh úiska u úreoaO mlaIh fn,ySk jk
;ekg lghq;= isÿ lrkafka kï m%cd;ka;%jd§ md,k;ka;%h ks;e;ska u
wl¾ukHh jk nj fkdlsjukd h'
úreoaO u;jdo yd woyia fukau úreoaO mlaIh ksfhdackh lrkq
,nk Pkao odhlhskaf.a wjYH;d yd wNs,dIhka fj; md,lhskaf.a
wjOdkh ,eîu j<lajñka yd ue;sjrK iy rch hk folu yqÿ
zY=kH-fftlHZ ;r. jYfhka i,lñka zch.%ylhd c.;dhZ hk wdl,amh
j¾Okh ùug bv fkd§u ue;sjrK l%uh i;= tla m%Odk j.lSuls'
ckdêm;s l%uhla ;=<" ie,lsh hq;= m%udKhlg jHjia:dodhlfha
úYajikSh iyfhda.h ckdêm;sjrhdg wjYH fõ' tfiau rcfha kS;s
iïmdok jev ms<sfj<g úreoaO fjñka tajd ;shqKq úuiqulg ,la lrk
wfkl=;a msßiaj, ld¾hNdrh o tlfia u jeo.;a h'
jHjia:dodhlh iy úOdhlh w;r n,;, fnod fjka lsÍu u.ska
úreoaO mlaIfha ksfhdað;hska we;=¨ ish¨ jHjia:dodhlhskag úOdhl
wëlaIKh mejf¾' fï ksid foaYmd,k mlaI iy wfmalaIhskag iu.dój
mlaI iy tajdfha f;aÍm;a jQ ksfhdð;hskaf.a idfmalaI jeo.;alu
.ek Wkkaÿjla olajk ue;sjrK l%ufha uQ,sldx. .ek ie,ls,su;a
ùu jeo.;a h'
ue;sjrK ls%hdj,sh ;sridr whqßka mj;ajdf.k hdu
ue;sjrK l%uhla f;dard .ekSfï § ta i|yd jehjk úhoï iy
mßmd,kuh wjYH;d fnfyúka jeo.;a fõ'
m%n, úreoaO mCIhl wjYH;dj ;yjqre
lsÍug ue;sjrK l%uh iu;a úh hq;= h'
13
rgla ;=< È.ska È.g id¾:l whqßka foaYmd,k jHqyhla mj;ajdf.k
hdu i|yd trg i;= iïm;a" tkï ue;sjrKlghq;= mßmd,kh lsÍfï
l=i,;d iys; ks,OdÍka iy cd;sl whjefhka imqrd,sh hq;= uQ,H
iïm;a b;d jeo.;a h'
flá ld,Sk jYfhka jeo.;a ir, m%fõYhla §¾>ld,Skj ish¨
wjia:djkays§ ,dNodhs fkdjkq we;' wrïNfha § hï ue;sjrK l%uhla
mßmd,kh lsÍfï § iq¿ jYfhka jeä úhoula ±Íug isÿjk w;r
th idudkH Pkao odhlhdg ixlS¾K jkakg o mq¿jk' tfy;a tn÷
l%uhla §¾>ld,Sk jYfhka rfÜ ia:djrNdjh we;s lsÍfï yd
m%cd;ka;S%h .uka uf.a Èidj ks¾kh lsÍfï,d jeo.;a jkq we;'
cd;Hka;r m%ñ;Ska ie,ls,a,g .ekSu
j¾;udkfha ue;sjrK l%u ie,iqï lsÍu cd;Hka;r m%{ma;Ska"
.súiqï iy foaYmd,k jYfhka jeo.;a ffk;sl .súiqï /ila iy
foaYmd,k úIhhkag wod< wfkl=;a úúO ffk;sl iïuq;Ska ls%hd;aulj
mj;sk ikao¾Nhla ;=< isÿ fõ' ue;sjrK meje;aùu iïnkaOfhka
cd;Hka;r jYfhka ms<s.;a m%ñ;s ud,djla fkdue;s uq;a i¾jck jeäysá
Pkao n,h ;yjqre lrkq ,nk ksoyia yd idOdrK ue;sjrK" Pkao
m;s%ldfõ ryiHNdjh iy lsisÿ n,mEïj,g hg;a fkdùfï ksoyi
iy ztla mqoa.,fhl=g tl Pkaohla muKhsZ hk uQ,O¾u by; lS
m%ñ;Skag we;=<;a njg iduQysljYfhka tlÕ;djh m< ù ;sfí'
ish¨ u mqrjeishka idOdrK whqßka ksfhdackh ùu" .eyekq iy
msßñ w;r iudkd;au;dj" iq¿ck fldgia i;= whs;sjdislï" wdndê;
ckhdg úfYaI ie,ls,s ±laùu ue;sjrK l%uj,g Rcqj n,mdk lreKq
úfYaI ms<s.ekSulg ,la ù we;' udkj j¾.hd i|yd tajdfha we;s
jeo.;alu ie,ls,a,g .ksñka ta i|yd 1948 c.;a udkj ysñlï
m%ldYKh iy 1966 cd;Hka;r isú,a iy foaYmd,k whs;Ska ms<sn|
m%{ma;sh jeks ffk;sl f,aLk u.ska úêu;a wdjrKh ,nd § ;sfí'
ue;sjrK l%uh ie,iqï lsÍfï ls%hdj,sh
ue;sjrK l%uhla ie,iqï lsÍfï § wkq.ukh l< hq;= ls%hd ms<sfj<
wjidkfha § t<s olajkq ,nk ue;sjrK l%uh" mj;akd foaYmd,k
;;a;ajhka iïnkaOfhka tys WÑ;Ndjh ks;Hdkql+, Ndjh iy ta i|yd
fmdÿ uyck;dj f.ka ,efnk iyfhda.h flfrys buy;a n,mEula
we;s lrhs'
ue;sjrK l%uhg wod< jeo.;a m%Yak rdYshla we;'
tkï ( m%;sixialrK iy m%;sfYdaOk i|yd foaYmd,k yd ffk;sl
jHqyhg we;=<;a lr we;s hdka;%K ljf¾o@
j¾;udkfha ue;sjrK l%u ie,iqï
lsÍu cd;Hka;r m%{ma;Ska" .súiqï
iy foaYmd,k jYfhka jeo.;a
ffk;sl .súiqï /ila iy foaYmd,k
úIhhkag wod< wfkl=;a úúO
ffk;sl iïuq;Ska ls%hd;aulj mj;sk
ikao¾Nhla ;=< isÿjkakls'
ue;sjrK l%uhla ie,iqï lsÍfï §
wkq.ukh l< hq;= ls%hd ms<sfj<
wjidkfha § t<s olajkq ,nk
ue;sjrK l%uh" mj;akd foaYmd,k
;;a;ajhka iïnkaOfhka tys
WÑ;Ndjh ks;Hdkql+, Ndjh iy ta
i|yd fmdÿ uyck;dj f.ka ,efnk
iyfhda.h flfrys buy;a n,mEula
we;s lrhs'
14
fhdað; kj fyda m%;sfYdaê; l%uhla ks;Hdkql+, njg ms<s.ekSu
i|yd l=uk idlÉPd iy ixjdo ls%hdj,shla wjYH jkafka o@
hï fjkila isÿ l< njg ;SrKh lsÍfuka miq th ls%hd;aul
lrkafka flfia o@
ffk;sl hdka;%K" ixjdoh iy m%;sixialrK ydixfYdaOk ls%hd;aul lsÍu
rgl mj;akd wdKavq l%uh ls%hd;aul jk wdldrh flfrys n,mdk
ue;sjrK l%u w;sYh jeo.;a wdh;k jk uq;a idïm%odhdkql+,j" rfÜ
Wiiau kS;sh jk wdKavq l%u jHjia:dj ;=< tajd úêu;a whqßka úêúOdk
id,id fkdue;' tfy;a uE;l isg tu ;;a;ajh fjkia ùug mgka
f.k we;' idudkH kS;s fuka fkdj wdKavq l%u jHjia:djl .eíj
we;s úêúOdk fjkia lsÍu myiqfjka l< fkdyels h' ta i|yd
jHjia:dodhlfha úfYaI jeä Pkao ixLHdjla" cd;sl cku; úpdrKhla
fyda fjk;a wdldrfha úfYaI hdka;%Khla wjYH fõ' fun÷ hdka;%
u.ska wdKavq l%u jHjia:dj wdjdg .shdg fjkia lsÍu j<ld ;sfí'
flfia jqjo" ue;sjrK l%uh ms<sn| úia;r ksf;dr mdfya idudkH
kS;sh ;=< wvx.=j we;s neúka jHjia:dodhlfha iq¿ jeä Pkaohlska
wjYH fjkia lsÍï isÿl< yels h' fï ksid uyck u;h iy foaYmd,k
jqjukdjka Ndckh jk fjkiaùïj,g myiqfjka m%;spdr ±laúh yels
fõ' tfia jqj o" jHjia:dodhlfha nyq;rhg yqÿ foaYmd,k jdis ;ld
;ks u;hg ue;sjrK l%ufha fjkialï isÿ lsÍfï wjodku we;'
ld,hdf.a wejEu;a iu. u we;sjk kj foaYmd,k" ck.yk yd
jHjia:dodhl m%jk;djka iy wjYH;djkag Tfrd;a;= fok mßÈ
ue;sjrK l%u wksjd¾hfhka u yev .eiSu wjYH fõ' tfy;a ls%hd;aulj
mj;akd hï ue;sjrK l%uhla fõ o" bka m, m%fhdack ,nk msßia
tajdfha fjkialï isÿ lsÍu flfrys ukdmh fkdolaj;s' wkd.;fha
úYd, foaYmd,k mßj¾;khlg ;=vq fok uQ,sl fjkilg jvd iq¿
jYfhka flfrk fjkialïj,g fnfyúka wjldY we;s neúka uq,a
wjia:dfõ§ u ue;sjrK l%uh ksj/È udj;lg fhduq lsÍu jà'
lsishï úfYaI ue;sjrK l%uhlska iudchg we;sjk n,mEu ms<sn|
jegySula we;af;a iudcfha by< me,eka;sfha fukau idudkH ck;dj
w;r b;d iSñ; ixLHdjlg muKla úh yels h' ue;sjrK l%uh
ls%hd;aul ùu fmfkk wdldrhg m%fhda.slj b;d iq¿ lreKq u; r|d
mej;sh yels neúka fï ;;a;ajh jvd;a W.% ù we;' w¨;ska ie,iqï
lrk ,o ue;sjrK l%uhla hgf;a wkqldrl ue;sjrKj,g uyck;dj
iyNd.s lrjd .ekSfï jev igyka udOH wjOdkh weo .ekSug iu;a
jkq we;' tu.ska Pkaoodhlhska kj ue;sjrK l%uhlg yqrejkq we;'
ld,hdf.a wejEu;a iu.u we;sjk
kj foaYmd,k" ck.yk yd
jHjia:dodhl m%jK;djka iy
wjYH;djkag Tfrd;a;= fok mßÈ
ue;sjrK l%u wksjd¾hfhka u
yev.eiSu wjYH fõ'
15
kj ue;sjrK l%uhlska Pkao m;s%ldj ms<sn|j Pkao odhlhdg we;súh
yels .eg¨ y÷kd.ekSug o tu.ska bvlv ie,fia'
ue;sjrK l%uj, fjkila we;s lsÍfï ls%hdj,sh iïmQ¾K ùug
kï kj l%u ls%hd;aul jk wdldrh Pkao odhlhskag wjfndaO lrùfï
m%n, wOHdmk jev igyka fukau Pkao odhlhskaf.a is;a Èkd.ekSug
iu;a yd ls%hd;aul lsÍug myiq kS;sÍ;s o wjYH fõ'
Pkao odhlhskag fnfyúka m,odhs jk ±kqu ,nd §u fukau
ue;sjrK mßmd,kh ms<sn| mqyqKqj ,nd §u o l,a.; jk ld¾hls'
kj l%uhla hgf;a ue;sjrKhla ixúOdkh lrkq ,eîfï § ue;sjrK
fldñiulg ,efnkafka b;d iSñ; ld,hls' ta ksid yels;dla blaukska"
yels;dla úYd, jev fldgila ksud lsÍu ue;sjrK fldñiula úiska
wkq.ukh l< hq;= nqoaêu;a ls%hd ud¾.hla jkq we;'
ue;sjrK l%uhla f;dard .ekSu
kj ue;sjrK l%uhla ;=< idlaId;a lr.; hq;= wuqKq iy neyer
l< hq;= jeo.;a w;a;rdhka ms<sn| ;SrKhlg t<öfuka miq" tu
wruqKq imqrd,Sug wjYH ue;sjrK l%u ie,iqï lsÍu i|yd Wmfhda.S
lr.; yels fuj,ï /ila we;s w;r ue;sjrK l%u iy j¾."
Èia;s%lalfhka jHjia:dodhlhg f;dard m;a lrkq ,nk ksfhdað;
ixLHdj" foaYmd,k mlaI iy wfmalaIlhska i;= ld¾h Ndrh" Pkao
m;s%ldfõ wdlD;sh" ue;sjrK fldÜGdY iSud ks¾Kh lsÍfï
ls%hdmámdáh" ue;sjrK fldÜGdY ,shdmÈxÑ lsÍfï hdka;%Kh"
ue;sjrK meje;aùfï ld, jljdkq" tljr ue;sjrK meje;aùu iy
wfkl=;a úfYaI úêúOdk bka lSmhla muKs' fuu fuj,ï fjkia
wdldrfhka" fjkia mokula u; taldnoaOj ls%hd lr;s'
flfia jqjo" ljr iudchla i|yd fyda ;ks zzksjerÈ úi÷ulaZZ
y÷kajd §u W.yg nj wjfndaO l< hq;=j we;'
úúO ue;sjrK l%u rdYshla we;' tfy;a tajd m%Odk l%u fod<ylg
iy jvd;a mq¿,a jYfhka nyq;aj $ nyq;r l%u" iudkqmd;sl l%u iy
ñY% l%u jYfhka YS¾I ;=kla hgf;a fm< .eiaúh yelshs' fï ish¨
l%u 2005 jif¾ uehsj,§ m%isoaêhg m;a lrk ,o" zzue;sjrK l%u
ie,iqï lsÍu" kj cd;Hka;r whs'ã'B'ta' w;afmd;ZZ .%ka:fha b;d
.eUqßka úia;r lr we;'
wfkla ue;sjrK l%u w;=ßka myla muKla jvd nyq, jYfhka
ls%hd;aul fjñka mj;s' tkï"
1' flaj, Pkao fldÜGdY l%uh iy oaú;aj jg l%uh' fuh nyq;aj
$nyq;r l%u mjqf,a idudðlfhda h'
úúO ue;sjrK l%u rdYshla we;'
tfy;a tajd m%Odk l%u fod<ylg'''
fm< .eiaúh yelshs'
ue;sjrK l%u'''' mq¿,a ue;sjrK l%u
jvd;a mq¿,a jYfhka nyq;aj $ nyq;r
l%u iudkqmd;sl l%u iy ñY% l%u
jYfhka YS¾I ;=kla hgf;a
fm<.eiaúh yelshs'
16
2' iudkqmd;sl Pkao l%u ^ fuh iudkqmd;sl ksfhdack l%uh hg;g
.efka
3' ñY% ksfhdað; iudkqmd;sl ^tï'tï'mS'& iy iudka;r l%uh fuh
ñY% l%u mjq,g wh;a h'
nyq;aj $ nyq;r l%u
nyq;aj $ nyq;r l%u ms<sn| uQ,O¾u ir, tlls' Pkaoh m%ldY
lr" Pkao .Kka lsÍfï lghq;= ksud ùfuka miq jeäu Pkao ixLHdjla
,nd.;a wfmalaIlhska fyda mlaI ch.%dylhska jYfhka m%ldYhg m;a
flf¾' ̂ úúO w;sf¾l fldkafoais ;sìh yels h'& fuu l%uh m%dfhda.sl
jYfhka ls%hd;aul lsÍfï § úYd, jYfhka fjkia fõ' flaj, Pkao
fldÜGdY l%uh jkdyS nyq;aj $ nyq;r ue;sjrK l%u w;=ßka b;du;au
ir, l%uhhs' j,x.= Pkaoj,ska ksh; nyq;rhla fkd,nd we;;a ch.%dyS
wfmalaIfhda jYfhka m%ldYhg m;a lrkq ,nkqfha wfkl=;a ish¨ fokd
w;=ßka jeäu Pkao ixLHdjla ,nd.;a mqoa.,hdhs'
fï l%uh hgf;a flaj, uka;S% Èia;s%lal ls%hd;aul jk w;r Pkao
odhlhska iajlSh Pkaoh m%ldY lrkqfha yqfola wfmalaIlhska i|yd
ñi foaYmd,k mlaI i|yd fkdfõ'
oaú;aj jg l%uh hkq nyq;aj $nyq;r l%uhls' tys § m%:u jgh
yudrjk úg lsisÿ wfmalaIlfhl= wjYH uÜgfï Pkao m%udKhla
fndfyda úg ksh; nyq;rhla ̂ 50 ]& ,nd .ekSug wfmdfydi;a jqjfyd;a
fojk jrg ue;sjrKhla mj;ajkq ,efí'
oaú;aj jg l%uh idudkHfhka nyq;aj $ nyq;r iajrEmhla .kq
we;' tys § fojk jghg wfmalaIlhska fofofkl=g jeä ixLHdjla
;r. lrk w;r by<u Pkao ixLHdjla ,nd .;a mqoa.,hd f;aÍ m;ajk
uq;a Tjq;a ksh; nyq;rhla Èkd.ekSug iu;a jQfhao hkak jeo.;a
fkdfõ' ch.%ylfhl= f;dard .ekSu i|yd m%:u jgfha§ by<ska u
Pkaoh ,nd isák wfmalaIlhska fofokd muKla fojk jgfha § ;r.
je§uo jeo.;a fkdjkq we;'
iudkqmd;sl ksfhdack l%u
mlaIhla ,o Pkao ixLHdjg iudk qmd; sl jk wh qßk a
jHjia:dodhlfha wdik m%udKhla ,nd§fï wruqKska iudkqmd;sl Pkao
l%uh ie,iqï lr ;sfí' iudkqmd;sl Pkao l%ufha § nyq uka;S% fldÜGdY
fnfyúka jeo.;a fõ' we;eï rgj, uq¿ rgu tl nyq uka;S%
Èia;s%lalhla jYfhka ie,fla' wfkl=;a rgj, ue;sjrK Èia;s%lal m<d;a
u; mokï ù we;' ke;fyd;a ue;sjrK Èia;s%lalhlg iß,k N+ñ
nyq;aj $ nyq;r l%u ms<sn|
uQ,O¾uh ir, tlls' Pkaoh m%ldY
lr" Pkaoh .Kka lsÍfï lghq;=
ksudùfuka miq jeäu Pkao
ixLHdjla ,nd.;a wfmaCIlhska fyda
mCI ch.%dylhska jYfhka
m%ldYhg m;a flf¾'
mlaIhla ,o Pkao ixLHdjg
iudkqmd;sl jk whqßka
jHjia:dodhlfha wdik m%udKhla
,nd§fï wruqKska iudkqmd;sl Pkao
l%uh ie,iqï lr ;sfí'
17
m%udKhla fjkalr th ks¾jpkh lsÍu ue;sjrK fldñiu fj; mjrd
;sfí'
Èia;s%lalfhka f;aÍm;a jk ksfhdað;hka ixLHdj jeäfj;a u"
jHjia:dodhlh ksfhdackh lsÍu i|yd wjYH wju Pkao ixLHdj wvq
jkq we;' ue;sjrK l%uh jvd;a iudkqmd;sl fj;au jHjia:dodhlh
ksfhdackh lsÍu i|yd iq¿ cd;Skaf.a mlaIj,g ,efnk wjia:d jeä
fõ'
iudkqmd;sl Pkao l%uh hgf;a iEu mlaIhla fyda lKavdhula úiska
nyq uka;S% ue;sjrK Èia;s%lal i|yd wfmalaIl ,ehsia;=jla bÈßm;a
lrhs' Pkao odhlhska foaYmd,k mlaIhla i|yd Pkaoh fokq ,nk
w;r ;uka ,nd we;s uq¿ Pkao ixLHdjg iudkqmd;sl jYfhka ta ta
mlaIj,g wdik ysñ fõ' ,ehsia;=j, ;uka isák wkqms<sfj< mßÈ
ch.%dyS wfmalaIlhska f;dard .ekSu zixjD; ,ehsia;= l%uhZ hgf;a isÿ
fõ' zújD; ,ehsia;=Z l%uh hgf;a Pkao odhlhskag iajlSh ukdmh
,l=Kq lsÍu u.ska wfmalaIlhskaf.a wkqms<sfj< flfrys n,mEï isÿ
lsÍug mq¿jk'
;ukg reÑ wfmalaIlhd f;dard .ekSfï § Pkao odhlhskg jvd
mq¿,a ksoyila újD; ,ehsia;= l%uh hgf;a ,efn;;a tu.ska hï
whym;a w;=re m%;sM, fkd isÿ jkjdo fkdfõ'
Pkao Èkd.ekSfï n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjka tlu mlaIhlg wh;a
wfmalaIlhska tlsfkldg tfrysj ;r. je§u tn÷ wys;lr m%;sM,hls'
tneúka újD; ,ehsia;= l%ufhka mlaI wNHka;rfha fkdfhl=;a úhjq,a
yd w¾nqo we;sùug;a" mlaI len,sj,g ì£hdug;a uÕ mEfoa' fï ksid
úúO wfmalaIlhska iys; ,ehsia;= u.ska hï mCIhlg ,eîug we;s
jdis fkd,eîu hdug o bv we;' úfYaIfhka" Pkao odhlhska iy f;aÍ
m;a jQ ksfhdað;hska iy ue;sjrK m%;sM,j, iuia; iudkqmd;sl;ajh
w;r mj;akd Yla;su;a iïnkaO;djh u; iudkqmd;sl ksfhdack l%uh
m%dfhda.slj ls%hd;aul jkafka flfiao hkak ;SrKh lrkq ,nk idOl
w;=ßka Èia;s%lalhlska jHjia:dodhlhg f;aÍ m;ajk ksfhdað; ixLHdj
m%n, idOlhls'
fndfyda rgj, l,ska isg mj;sk mßmd,k i|yd jQ m<d;a fjka
lrkq ,nk udhsï bÈßhg;a wkq.ukh lsÍug;a j¾;udkfha §
ue;sjrK fldÜGdYj,g isÿjk w;r tajd udhsï hgf;a fjkalr we;s
fldÜGdY úYd,;ajh w;ska tlsfklg fnfyúka fjkia fõ' flfia
jqjo" fï ;;a;ajh hgf;a ;jÿrg;a ue;sjrK fldÜGdY iSud ks¾Kh
lsÍu wjYH fkdjk w;r mj;akd l%uh bÈßhg;a lrf.k hd yels h'
hï Èia;s%lalhg tla mlaIhlska tla wfmalaIlfhl= muKla f;aÍ
m;a jqjfyd;a" Tyq msßñ wfmalaIlfhl= jkjd muKla fkdj jd¾.sl
fyda iudc lKavdhïj, idudðlfhl= o jkq we;'
úfYaIfhka Pkaoodhlhska" f;aÍ
m;ajQ ksfhdað;hska iy ue;sjrK
m%;sM,j, iuia; iudkqmd;sl;ajh
w;r mj;akd Yla;su;a iïnkaO;dj
u; iudkqmd;sl ksfhdack l%uh
m%dfhda.slj ls%hd;aul jkafka
flfiao hkak Èia;s%lalhlska
jHjia:dodhlhg f;aÍ m;ajk
ksfhdað; ixLHdj úiska m%Odk
jYfhka ;SrKh lrkq ,efí'
18
fofofkla fyda Bg jeä .Kkla f;aÍ m;a jqjfyd;a fndfyda úg
ldka;djka fyda iq¿ck fldgia ksfhdackh lrk mlaIj,ska jeä
wfmalaIlhska ixLHdjla ch.%yKh lrkq we;' fï ls%hdj,shg úYd,
Èia;s%lal ̂ m%udKfhka wdik y;la fyda Bg jeä ixLHdjla& iy idfmalaI
jYfhka mlaI iq¿ ixLHdjla WmldÍ jkq we;' jHjia:dodhlhg f;aÍ
m;aùu i|yd foaYmd,k mlaIhla ,eìh hq;= wju ck;d iyfhda.h
ish¨u ue;sjrK l%uj, i|yka fõ' fuh ffk;sl jYfhka fyda tfia;a
ke;skï .Ks;uh jYfhka kshu l< yels h' ffk;sl jYfhka i|ykaj
we;s wjia:dj, § th wdKavq l%u jHjia:dfõ idukqmd;sl l%uh
ks¾jpkh lrkq ,nk úê úOdk fyda ffk;sl úêúOdkj, olajd
we;'
Èia;s%lalh úiska jHjia:dodhlhg f;dard m;alrkq ,nk ksfhdað;
ixLHdj i|yka lsÍfï l%uh b;du;a u jeo.;a h' kso¾Ykhla jYfhka"
iudkqmd;sl Pkao l%uh Ndú;d lrk Pkao fldÜGdY y;rla iys;
Èia;s%lalhl 20] jeä Pkao m%udKhla ,nd.;a ´kEu wfmalaIlfhl=
f;aÍ m;ajk w;r 10]la muK wvq m%udKhla ,;a ́ kEu wfmalaIlfhl=
f;aÍ m;aùu iel iys; fõ'
ñY% ue;sjrK l%u
nyq;aj $ nyq;r iy iudkqmd;sl ue;sjrK l%uj, wvx.= idOkSh
,laIKhkays tl;=jla ñY% ue;sjrK l%u ;=< ols; yels h' fjkia
l%u wkq.ukh lrñka tlsfkl yd iuiuj hk ue;sjrK l%u folla
ñY% ue;sjrK l%uhla ;=< ols; yels h' tlu Pkao odhl msßila
iajlSh Pkaoh m%ldY lrk w;r" ue;sjrK l%u fol hgf;au
ksfhdað;hska f;dard .ekSu i|yd th odhl fõ' l%u folska tlla
nyq;aj $ nyq;r ue;sjrK l%uhhs" tkï iqmqreÿ flaj, Pkao fldÜGdY
l%uhhs' wfkl iudkqmd;sl l%uhhs' ñY% ue;sjrK l%uh fohdlr h'
iudkqmd;sl ñY% ksfhdað; l%uh hk tlsfklg fjkia ue;sjrK
l%u folla u.ska" rg jeishd i;= Pkaofhka wfmalaIlhska f;dard .ekSfï
ñY% l%uhhs' ue;sjrK l%u fol w;=ßka tlla iudkqmd;sl Pkao l%uh
jk w;r" wfkl nyq;aj $ nyq;r ue;sjrK l%uhhs' fuys § fojeks
l%ufhka isÿjk wiudkq md;sl wvqmdvq m<uq l%uh" tkï iudkqmd;sl
Pkao l%uh u.ska imqrd,kq ,efí'
iudka;r l%uh hkq ñY% l%uhls' ta hgf;a iqmqreÿ f,i iudkqmd;sl
Pkao l%uh iy nyq;aj $ nyq;r l%uh hk tlsfklg fjkia l%u
folla yryd ̂ tfy;a fojk l%ufha m%;sM, .Kka lsÍfï § m<uq l%uh
hgf;a fjka lrk ,o wdik ixLHdj ie,ls,a,g .kq fkd,efí'& Pkao
odhlhska úiska m%ldY lrk ,o Pkaoh u; ksfhdað;hska f;dard m;a
lrkq ,efí'
nyq;aj $ nyq;r iy iudkqmd;sl
ue;sjrK l%uj, wvx.= idOkSh
,CIKhkays tl;=jla ñY% ue;sjrK l%u
;=< ols; yels h'
19
wjdisjdis
iudkqmd;sl l%uh
iudkqmd;sl ñY% ue;sjrK l%uh hgf;a ,nk m%;sM, idudkHfhka
iudkqmd;sl iajrEmhla orkq ,nk w;r iudka;r l%uh hgf;a ,efnk
m%;sM,j, iudkqmd;sl;ajh nyq;aj $ nyq;r l%ufha iudkqmd;sl;ajh
iy iudkqmd;sl l%ufha iudkqmd;sl;ajh w;r ia:dk.; jkq we;'
ue;sjrK l%uj,ska w;ajk jdis iy wjdis
m%Odk ue;sjrK l%uj,ska w;ajk jdis iy wjdis my; i|yka
pl%fhka ,>q fldg olajd ;sfí' tfy;a tajdfha meje;au wjia:dfjka
wjia:djg iy wfkl=;a úúO ;;a;ajhka hgf;a fjkia ùïj,g Ndckh
fjñka mj;S' kso¾Ykhla jYfhka" flaj, ue;sjrK fldÜGdY l%uh
hgf;a Pkaoh fok ixLHdj jeä úh yels w;r iudkqmd;sl l%uh
u.ska ckdêm;sjrhdg jHjia:dodhlfhka m%n, iyfhda.hla ,nd Èh
yels h' tfiau tla wjia:djl § fyda tla mlaIhlg fyda jdishla
ie,fioa§ thu fjkia wjia:djl § ;j;a mlaIhlg wjdishla jkq
we;' flfia jqjo" ue;sjrK l%uhla f;dard .ekSfï § uqyqKmEug
isÿjk úúO wjia:d fuu pl%fhka fmkakqï flf¾'
úl,am ue;sjrK l%u myla - jdis iy wjdis
iudkqmd;sl;ajh
mß.%dySNdjh
iq¿ck fldgia ksfhdackh fõ'
krla jk Pkao m%udKh iq¿h'
ldka;d ksfhdað;hskag f;aÍ m;aùfï jeäyelshdj ;sfí'
iSud udhsï i,l=Kq lsÍfï wvq wjYH;djhla;sîu fyda wjYH;djla fkdue;sùu'
w;=re ue;sjrK meje;aùfï wjYH;djlafkdue;'
furg fkdisák fyda Pkaoh §ugfkdmeñfKk Pkao odhlhskaf.a Pkaoh ,nd.ekSu myiq fõ'
flaj, mlaI iys; l,dm ìysùu iSud flf¾'
Pkaoh §fï m%jk;dj by< hdug bv we;'
ue;sjrK fldÜGdY jYfhka ksfhdackh ùuwvmK fõ'
j.lSu mejÍu ms<sn| m%Yak u;= fõ'
ckdêm;s wdKavql%u hgf;a ckdêm;sjrhdgjHjia:dodhlfhka wvq iyfhda.hla ,eîugfnfyúka bvlv we;'
md¾,sfïka;= l%u hgf;a iNd. fyda iq¿;rwdKavq we;sùfï m%jK;dj wêlh'
foaYmd,k mlaIj,g jeä n,hla ,nd §;sfí'
wka;jd§ mlaIj,g jHjia:dodhlhksfhdackh lsÍfï bvlv we;súh yelshs'
hï mlaIhla n,fhka my lsÍfï yelshdjlafkdue;sùu'
20
wjdisjdis
oaú;aj jg l%uh
wfmalaIlhl= f;dard .ekSu i|yd Pkaoodhlhskag fojk j;djg;a wjia:djlai,id fohs'
wfkl=;a nyq;aj $ nyq;r l%u hgf;aisÿjkjdg jvd Pkao fn§hdu wvq fõ'
wjfndaO lr.ekSu myiq h'
ue;sjrK fldÜGdY ks¾Kh lsÍu wjYH fõ'
jeä úhoula ±Íug isÿjk yd mßmd,kuhjYfhka ksrka;rfhka wNsfhda. t,a,jkfojk jghla i|yd hdu wjYH ùu'
w;=re ue;sjrK i|yd ksrka;r wjYH;djlamek k.S'
ue;sjrK meje;aùu yd m%;sM, ksl=;a lsßuw;r úYd, ld, mrdihla we;'
wiudkqmd;sl;ajh'
mlaI l%uh len,sj,g ì| ±óug bv we;'
.eUqßka fn§ fjka ù .sh iudc wia:dhs lrkqwe;'
wjdisjdis
flaj, Pkao fldÜGdY ue;sjrK l%uh
iq¿;r ck fldgia ksfhdackh lrkq ,nkmlaIj,g bvla ke;'
iq¿ck fldgia neyer lrhs'
ldka;djkag bvla ke;'
krla jk Pkao m;s%ld ixLHdj jeä h'
w;=re ue;sjrK i|yd ksr;=re wjYH;djmek k.S'
ue;sjrK fldÜGdY ks¾udKh lsÍu wjYH fõ'
fm!oa.,sl jdish i|yd fldÜGdY udhsïfjkia lrjd .ekSfï yelshdj ;sfí'
furg fkdisák yd Pkaoh §ug fkdmeñfKkPkao odhlhskaf.a Pkaoh ,nd .ekSu wmyiqfõ'
wdik jYfhka m%n, whqßka md¾,sfïka;=jksfhdackh lsÍu'
j.lSï Ndrh ls%hdjg kexùu jvd;a myiqlrhs'
wjfndaOlr .ekSu myiq h'
Pkao odhlhdg ;u reÑh mßÈ wfmalaIlhdf;dard .ekSu myiq lrhs'
m%n, yd uekúka ixúOdkh jQ úmlaIhlgwkqn, fohs'
wka;jd§ lKavdhï neyer lrhs'
wfmalaIlhska w;=ßka flfkl= f;dard .ekSugPkao odhlhskag wjia:dj ,efí'
ckdêm;s wKavq l%u ;=< ckdêm;sjrhdgjHjia:dodhlfha m%n, iyfhda.hla ,nd§fïjeä yelshdj'
md¾,sfïka;= l%u hgf;a nyq;rfha wdKavqmsysgqùfï jeä yelshdj'
21
wjdisjdis
iudkqmd;sl ñY% ksfhdað; l%uh
wjdisjdis
iudka;r l%uh
mß.%dySNdjh
iq¿ck fldgia ksfhdackh lsÍu'
msßisÿ iudkqmd;sl Pkao l%uh hgf;aisÿjkjdg jvd len,sj,g leãu wvqùu'
wfkla úl,am l%uj,g jvd tlÕ;ajhlg m;aùfï jeä bvlvla we;'
ixlS¾K l%uhls'
ue;sjrK fldÜGdY ks¾Kh lsÍu wjYH fõ'
w;=reue;sjrK i|yd ksrka;rfhka wjYH;dmek k.S'
mka;s foll ksfhdað;hska we;s l< yels h'
WmdhYS,S Pkaoh §fï l%uh'
iudkqmd;sl Pkao l%uh hgf;a fuka fkdjfurg fkdisák fyda Pkaoh §ug fkdmeñfKkPkao odhlhskaf.a Pkaoh m%ldY lsÍu i|ydlghq;= ie,iSu wmyiq h'
iuia; iudkqmd;sl;ajh iy;sl fkdlrhs'
iudkqmd;sl;ajh
mß.%dySNdjh
ue;sjrK fldÜGdY jYfhka ksfhdackhflf¾'
j.lSïNdrh
krla jQ Pkao m%udKh wvq h'
wfkla úl,am l%uj,g jvd tlÕ;ajhlgm;aùu jvd myiq fõ'
ixlS¾K l%uhls
ue;sjrK fldÜGdY ks¾Kh lsÍu wjYH fõ'
w;=re ue;sjrK i|yd ksrka;r wjYH;djlamek k.S'
mka;s foll ksfhdað;hska we;s l< yels h'
WmdhYS,Sj Pkaoh §fï l%uh'
iudkqmd;sl Pkao l%uh hgf;a fuka fkdjfurg fkdisák fyda Pkaoh §ugfkdmeñfKk Pkao odhlhskaf.a Pkaohm%ldY lsÍu i|yd lghq;= ie,iSu jvdÿIalr h'
22
ksfhdackh iy mßmd,kh (jeo.;a lreKq lSmhla
ldka;d ksfhdackh
ldka;d ksfhdackh jeä lsÍfï fndfyda ud¾. ;sfí' iudkqmd;sl
Pkao l%uh bka tlls' jHjia:dodhlhg ksfhdað;hska jeämqr ixLHdjla
f;dardm;a lrkq ,nk Èia;s%lal m%fhdackhg .kakd ue;sjrK l%u úiska
jeäfhka ldka;djka kï lsÍu msKsi foaYmd,k mlaIj,g wkqn,
fo;s' tu.ska mlaIj, Pkao moku Yla;su;a lsÍu wruqK ù ;sfí'
ue;sjrK l%u yerek úg ldka;d ksfhdackh jeä lsÍfï wkH l%uo
;sfí' jHjia:dodhlfha wdik ixLHdjla ldka;djka i|yd fjka l<
yels h' tfiau foaYmd,k mlaI hï ldka;d ixLHdjla ue;sjrKhg
bÈßm;a l< hq;= hhs ue;sjrK kS;sj,ska wjOdrKh l< yels h'
tfy;a tu.ska wfmalaIs; b,lal imqrd,Sug fndfyda úg fkdyels jk
neúka ldka;djkag f;aÍ m;aùug yelsjk mßÈ mlaI ,hsia;= u.ska
Tjqkag ksis ;ek ,nd§fï hdka;%K msysgqùu wjYH fõ' foaYmd,k
mlaI ;uka i;= ldka;djka i|yd jQ fldagd l%u o m%fhdackhg .kq
we;' fï ms<sn|j ;jÿrg;a f;dr;=re wjYH fõ kï iafgdlafydaõ
úYaj úoHd,fha www.quotaprojectoorg fjí wvúfhka fidhd .;
yels h'
iq¿ck fldgia ksfhdackh
iq¿ck fldgia iy jd¾.sl lKavdhï ksfhdackh jeä lsÍfï
fndfyda l%u ;sfí' ue;sjrKfhka ch ,eîfï wjia:d jeäùug bv
we;ehs hk wfmalaIdfjka jHjia:dodhlhg Èia;s%lalfha ksfhdað;hska
úYd, ixLHdjla f;dard m;a lrkq ,nk ue;sjrK l%u úiska iq¿ck
fldgia w;=ßka ksfhdað;hska kï lsÍu i|yd foaYmd,k mlaIj,g
wkqn, fokq ,n;s'
f;dardm;a lsÍu i|yd kshu lr we;s wju Pkao ixLHdj ;jÿrg;a
my; fy<Su fyda ffk;sl jYfhka kshu lr we;s wju Pkao ixLHdj
iyuq,ska bj;a lsÍu u.ska iudkqmd;sl Pkao l%uh hgf;a wvqfjka
ksfhdackh ù we;s fyda ksfhdackh ù fkdue;s lKavdhïj, ksfhdackh
jeä l< yels h' nyq;aj $ nyq;r l%uhka ;=< iq¿ck fldgia iy
jd¾.sl lKavdhï i|yd jHjia:dodhlfha wdik fjka l< yels h'
ue;sjrK l%u iy Pkaoh m%ldY lsÍu
ls%hd;aulj mj;sk Pkao l%uh iy Pkaoh m%ldY lsÍfï uÜgu
w;r b;d ióm iïnkaO;djla we;' idudkHfhka iudkqmd;sl Pkao
l%uh hgf;a Pkaoh m%ldY lsÍfï m%jK;dj wêl h' tla mlaIhla
iajlSh ch.%yKh .ek ±ä wfmalaIdfjka isák úg § fuka fkdj"
cd;sl ue;sjrK m%;sM, n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjka isák wjia:dfõ§ nyq;aj
ldka;d ksfhdackh jeä lsÍfï fndfyda
ud¾. ;sfí' iudkqmd;sl Pkao l%uh bka
tlls'
idudkHfhka iudkqmd;sl Pkao l%uh
hgf;a Pkaoh m%ldY lsÍfï m%jK;dj
wêl h'
23
$ nyq;r l%u hgf;a Pkaoh m%ldY lsÍfï jeä m%jK;djla fmkakqï
lrhs' m%;sM, blaukska ,efí hhs wfmalaId lrkq ,nk ta ta Èia;s%lalj,
o Pkaoh m%ldY lsÍfï jeä m%jK;djla fmkakqï lrhs'
iQodkïùu iy mqyqKqùu i|yd wjYH ld,h
fjkia ue;sjrK l%uj,g wjYH jk há;, myiqlï iemhSu
msKsi jeh l<hq;= ld,h o fjkia fõ' kso¾Ykhla jYfhka" ue;sjrKh
iïnkaO ,shdmÈxÑ lsÍfï lghq;= iy fldÜGdY udhsï ks¾Kh lsÍu
i|yd jeä ld,hla .; lsÍug isÿ fõ' tajdfha ks;Hdkql+,;ajh ms<sn|
úúO .eg¨ o u;= fõ' ish¨ Pkao odhlhska mqoa.,sl jYfhka meñK
Pkaoh m%ldY lrkafka kï iy Tjqka ish Pkaoh m%ldY lr we;s njg
i,l=Kq ù we;akï ta folska fldhs tlla fyda fkdue;sj tla cd;sl
Èia;s%lalhla iys; iudkqmd;sl l%uhla ls%hd;aul l< yels h' th tla
wka;hls' ms<s.; yels uÜgfï jHqyhla ls%hd;aul ù fkdue;s kï ;ks
uka;S% fldÜGdY iys; Èia;s%lalj,ska iukaú; nyq;aj $ nyq;r l%uhl
§ Pkao odhlhska mqoa.,slj meñK ;u Pkaoh m%ldY lsÍu iy Pkaoh
m%ldY l< njg i,l=Kq lsÍu hk folu wjYH jkq we;' úfYaIfhka
kj l%u y÷kajd §fï §" ue;sjrK lghq;= Ndr ks,OdÍkag wjYH
mqyqKqj ,nd§u i|yd ksrka;rfhka ld,h jeh lsÍug isÿ fõ'
w;=re ue;sjrK
ue;sjrK folla w;f¾ § wdikhla ysia jQ úg mlaI ,ehsia;=fõ
B<Õg jeäu Pkao ixLHdjla ,nd we;s mqoa.,hd u.ska tu wdik
mqrmamdvqj msrùu iudkqmd;sl Pkao l%uh hgf;a ksrdhdifhka u isÿ
fõ' tneúka w;=re ue;sjrK meje;aùfï wjYH;dj mdk fkdk.S'
flfia jqjo" nyq;aj $ nyq;r ue;sjrK l%u hgf;a mqrmamdvq jk
wdikj,g w;=re ue;sjrKhla yryd uka;S%ka m;a lsÍu i|yd wjYH
úêúOdk we;=<;a lr ;sfí'
idudkH ksfhdað;hska f;dard m;a lr.kakd wjia:dfõ§u"
wdfoaYslhska f;dard .ekSu u.ska w;=re ue;sjrK fkdmj;ajd mqrmamdvq
msßúh yelshs' iuyr wjia:dj, yqfola ,ehsia;=jla u.ska mqrmamdvq
mqrjkjdg jvd w;=re ue;sjrKhla u.ska foaYmd,k jYfhka jvd;a
mq¿,a n,mEula isÿ l< yels h' tfiau th n,fha isák rcfha ld¾h
idOkh uekSfï iqÿiq ñKqï oKavla o jkq we;' ;jo" md¾,sfïka;=fõ
n, ld,h ;=< msrùug ;sfnk mqrmamdvq ixLHdj úYd, fõ kï tu.ska
jHjia:dodhlfha ixhq;sh fjkia ùug bv we;=jd fukau rcfha Yla;sh
wvq fyda jeä ùug o fya;= fõ'
ráka msg Pkaoh
fuh ráka iaÓrj fyda ;djld,slj neyerj isák mqoa.,hskag ;u
Pkaoh m%ldY lsÍu i|yd i,id we;s hdka;%Khhs' Pkaoh §u i|yd
kshñ; ia:dkfhka msg fjk;a ia:dkhl fyda fjk;a Èkhl fuf,i
úfYaIfhka kj l%u y÷kajd §fï §
ue;sjrK lghq;= Ndr ks,OdÍkag
wjYH mqyqKqj ,nd§u i|yd
ksrka;rfhka ld,h jeh lsÍu
wjYH h'
24
Pkaoh §u i|yd wjYh lghq;= i,ikq ,efí' flfkl=g Pkaoh
;emEf,ka túh yels w;r ;ud úiska n,h mjrk ,o tacka;jrhl=g
;u Pkaoh m%ldY l< yels h'
mlaIhla i|yd tlu ,ehsia;=jla iys; mq¿,a cd;sl iudkqmd;sl
Pkao l%uhla hgf;a fuu ráka msg Pkao m%ldY lsÍfï l%uh jvd myiq
jqjo" ;ks ksfhdað;fhl= iys; Èia;s%la l%uhla hgf;a th ls%hd;aul
lsÍu b;d ixlS¾K fõ' flfia jqjo" wjidkfha § Tjqkaf.a Pkao
jHjia:dodhlhdg ksfhdað;hska f;dard m;alr heùfï ls%hdj,shg odhl
jkq we;'
ue;sjrK l%u iy foaYmd,k mlaI
Èia;s%lal mokï lr.;a úuOH.; l%u fuka fkdj ixjD; ,ehsia;=
uq,a fldg.;a iudkqmd;sl ksfhdack l%uh úiska fhdod .kq ,nk úYd,
jYfhka uOH.; jQ foaYmd,k l%uhkag m%n, mlaI ixúOdk Èßu;a
lsÍfï jeä yelshdjla we;'
rdcH fyda fm!oa.,sl wruqo,aj,g m%fõY ùfï m%jk;dj ue;sjrK
l%u ie,iqï lsÍu flfrys fnfyúka n,mdhs' tfiau th kj foaYmd,k
mlaIj,g ysi Tijd isàug bv fkdfok úYd,;u ndOlh o
fõ'
ue;sjrK l%u f;dard .ekSfï § th foaYmd,k mlaI l%ufha
j¾Okhg n,mdkakdfia u ls%hd;aulj mj;akd foaYmd,k mlaI l%uh
ue;sjrK l%uhla f;dard .ekSu flfrys n,mdkq we;' ;jo m%n,
foaYmd,k wjYH;djla wef;d;a ñi" ;ukag nrm;, wjdis f.k fok
fjkialï iy foaYmd,k mlaI l%uhg msúiSu i|yd kj úreoaOjd§
mlaIj,g u. fy<s lrfok fjkialï i|yd ±kg ls%hd;aulj ;sfnk
mlaI fj;ska iyfhda.h fkd,efnkq we;' tneúka ue;sjrK l%uh
fjkia lsÍu i|yd jQ úl,am ls%hd;aul lsÍu fnfyúka iSud fõ'
idudkHfhka nyq;aj $nyq;r jeks flaj, uka;S% Pkao fldÜGdY
m%fhdackhg .kq ,nk ue;sjrK l%u úiska flaj, uka;S% fldÜGdY
ksfhdackh lrk wfmalaIlhska tu fldÜGdYj, ´kE tmdlï fidhd
n,d bgq lrk msßila f,i is;Sug fmd<Ujkq ,nk nj fmfka' tfy;a
thg b÷rdu fjkia whqßka fndfyda ÿrg iudkqmd;sl Pkao l%uh jeks
úYd, nyq uka;S% Èia;s%lal fhdod .kakd ue;sjrK l%u úiska cd;sl
m%Yakj, § ;u mlaIfha m%;sm;a;s flfrys mlaImd;S;ajh olajk
ksfhdað;hska ìys lsÍfï jeä m%jK;djla fmkajkq ,efí' fï m%fõY
folu i;= we;eï idOkSh ,laIK fj;a' ta ksidh" m%dfoaYSh iy cd;sl
uÜgfï ksfhdað;hska hk fof.d,a,kaf.ka u iukaú; ñY% ue;sjrK
l%u fnfyúka ckms%h ù we;af;a' úfYaIfhka f;aÍ m;a jQ flaj,
Èia;s%lal mokï lr.;a úuOH.;
l%u fuka fkdj ixjD; ,ehsia;= uq,a
fldg.;a iudkqmd;sl ksfhdack l%uh
úiska fhdod .kq ,nk úYd, jYfhka
uOH.; jQ foaYmd,k l%uhkag m%n,
mlaI ixúOdk Èßu;a lsÍfï jeä
yelshdjla we;'
25
ksfhdað;hskag wod<j foaYmd,k mlaI iy ue;sjrK l%u ms<sn| jQ
idlÉPdj, § j.lSï Ndrh mejÍfï m%Yakh u;= fõ'
Pkao odhlhska" f;aÍ m;a jQ ksfhdað;hska iy foaYmd,k mlaI
w;r mj;akd ióm iïnkaO;d flfrys ue;sjrK l%uh muKla fkdj"
n,fha isák ks,ld,h" mlaI iy f;aÍ m;a jQ ksfhdað;hska jYfhka
lghq;= lrk tajdfha idudðlhska w;r mj;akd iïnkaO;d yiqrjkq
,nk úêúOdk fyda jHjia:dodhlfhka b,a,d wia fkdù f;aÍ m;a jQ
ksfhdað;hska mlaI udre lsÍu j<lajk úê úOdk jeks foaYmd,k
jHjia:dodhlh i;= wfkla úêúOdk úiska úúO n,mEï isÿ lrkq
,efí'
foaYmd,k mlaI w;=ßka fuka fkdj" Pkao odhlhskag wfmalaIlhska
w;=ßka ;uka leu;s wfmalaIlhd f;dard .ekSfï ksoyi j.lSï Ndrh
ixfla;j;a lrkq ,nk ;j;a wjia:djls' kso¾Ykhla jYfhka"
iudkqmd;sl Pkao l%uj, wvx.= újD; ,hsia;= l%u y÷kajd §u u.ska
miq.sh ld,j,§ fndfyda rgj, ue;sjrK l%u ;=< wfmalaIlhd flakaø
fldg .;a Pkaoh §fï l%u /ila ls%hd;aul lrk ,§'
miqjok ( úúO úl,am iy uQ,O¾u
ue;sjrK l%u wOHhkh lsÍfï § úl,am l%u i|yd mrdih iy
tys Wmfhda.S;dj b;d jeo.;a lreKq folla fia ie,lsh yels h'
f,dalfha rgj,a mqrd ls%hd;aul fjñka mj;sk ue;sjrK l%u fj;ska
fï jk úg Pkao odhlhska ,ndf.k we;af;a ;=<kd;aul w;a±lSï
rdYshls' ks;ru mdfya wdKavq l%u jHjia:d" foaYmd,k iy ue;sjrK
jHqyhka ie,iqï lrk yd flgqïm;a lrkq ,nk msßia úiska f;dard
.kq ,en we;af;a Tjqka uekúka okakd" w÷kk l%uhka h' kj
m%cd;ka;%jd§ rdcHhka ;=< ieuúg u mdfya" tu rdcHhka hg;aj isá
wêrdcHjd§kaf.a n, m%foaY ;=< m%p,s;j ;snQ l%u Ndú;hg .kq ,eìKs'
wdOdr imhk rgj,a Tjqka i;= kj ue;sjrK l%u wdOdr,dNS rgj,g
odho fldg ÿka wjia:d o fj;s' fï fldhsu wjia:djl § fyda úl,am
l%u ms<sn| mQ¾K jYfhka lreKq yeoEÍula isÿ fkdúKs'
m%Odk uQ,O¾u lSmhla fuys my; ,>q fldg olajd ;sfí'
th iuia; wdh;ksl jHqyhl tla fldgila muKla nju;l ;nd.kak
ue;sjrK l%uh ks;r u mdfya wdKavq l%u jHjia:d iy foaYmd,k
jHqyh iu. b;d iómj ne£ isák nj;a" fjkia wdh;ksl miqìula
;=< fjkia wdldrfhka ls%hdlrk nj;a mejish fkdyels h'
ue;sjrK l%uh f;dard .ekSfï § úúO wdh;ksl rgd wdo¾Yhg
.ekSu fnfyúka WmldÍ jkq we;'
m%n, foaYmd,k wjYH;djla wef;d;a
ñi" ;ukag nrm;, wjdis f.k fok
fjkialï iy foaYmd,k mCI l%uhg
msúiSu i|yd kj úreoaOjd§ mCIj,g
u. fy<slr fok fjkialï i|yd ±kg
ls%hd;aul j ;sfnk mCI iyfhda.h
fkdfokq we;'
26
th ir, iy meyeÈ,s whqßka mj;ajd.ekSu jà
id¾:l yd ;sridr whqßka ie,iqï flfrk ue;sjrK l%u Pkao
odhlhdg fuka u foaYmd,lhdg o myiqfjka wjfndaO lr.; yels
h' ́ kdjg jvd ixlS¾K ùu yeu w;skau wys;lr fõ' m%;sM, flfrys
Pkao odhlhd ;=< mj;akd úYajdih ì£ hdug o bv we;=jd fuka u
wkfmaCIs; ;;a;ajhkag uqyqK §ug o isÿ fõ'
úúO ue;sjrK l%u fyd¢ka y÷kdf.k wjia:dfjdaÑ;j lghq;=
lsÍfï Pkao odhlhd i;= yelshdj wj;lafiarejg ,la lsÍu ta yd
iudkj u wjodkï iys; h' wjidkfha § iajlSh Pkaoh b;d nqoaêu;a
whqßka mdúÉÑ lsÍfï iqúfYaI yelshdj Pkaoodhlhd i;=j ;sfnk
nj meyeÈ,s h'
kj l%u .fõIKh lsÍug miqng fkdjkak
wo f,dalfha Ndú;hg .efkñka ;sfnk fndfyda id¾:l yd
ld¾hCIu ue;sjrK l%u ksYaÑ; .eg¨j,g m,odhS whqßka uqyqK §
we;s w;r ;jÿrg;a m%dfhda.slj ls%hd;aul ùfï yelshdj ;yjqre lr
;sfí' wfkla whf.a" tkï wi,ajeis rgj,a iy fnfyúka fjkia l%u
u.ska ,;a w;a±lSïj,ska fndfyda foa W.; yels h'
jHjia:dodhlh ;=< ksfhdackh úh hq;= jeo.;a lreKq
fn§ .sh rgla fyda iucd;sl rgla fyda fõjd tys Ôj;ajk ish¨
ck fldgiaj, wkkH;djka jHjia:dodhlh ;=< ksfhdackh ùu
ue;sjrK l%uhlska wfmaCId lrkq ,efí'
iq¿ ck fldgia u;jd§" j¾.jd§" NdIduh" l,dmSh iy wd.ñl
wkkH;djka u; mokï ù we;;a" ta ta ck fldgiaj,g wdfõKsl
úúO u;jdo iy wNs,dIhka jHjia:dodhlh ;=< ksfhdackh ùug bv
fkd,eîfuka" úfYaIfhka ixj¾Okh lrd msúfik rgj, .egqïldÍ
;;a;ajhka we;sùug fya;= jQ nj fkdryils'
iqÿiq ue;sjrKhla f;dard .ekSfï § ie,ls,su;a úh hq;=lreKq
hï úfYaI ue;sjrK l%uhla f;dard.kq ,nk wdldrh tu l%ufha
iuia; iqcd;Ndjh ;yjqre lr,Sfï ,d fnfyúka jeo.;a fõ' yqfola
tla lKavdhulg ,eìh yels jdis .ek muKla ys;d t<ô ;SrKhlg
jvd" wjidkfha § ue;sjrK fldÜGdYh o tl;= lr.ksñka ish¨u
lKavdhï fyda Tjqkaf.ka jeäu ixLHdjla iïnkaO jk ls%hdj,shla
id¾:l ùug bv we;s w;r iqÿiq ue;sjrK l%uhla f;dard .ekSfï §
úúO mCI.%dyS woyia we;sùu fkdje<elaúh yels jqj o" hï wdh;khla
ksis whqßka ms<s.ekSu iy tys ;sridr meje;au iy;sl lrkq jia
foaYmd,k mCI iy ck;djf.a iyfhda.h wjYH fõ'
27
ue;sjrK l%ufha iqcd;Ndjh flfrys m%Odkmd¾Yajlrejka ;=< úYajdih f.dvk.kak
m%cd;ka;%jd§ ls%hdoduhg iïnkaO ish¨ md¾Yajhka ;=< fhdað;
ue;sjrK l%ufha iqcd;Ndjh ms<sn| úYajdih f.dvke.Su wjYH jk
w;r fNaohlska f;drj ieu fokdgu fmdÿfõ m%;sM, N=la;s ú£ug
wjia:dj ie,iS we;s njg o Tjqka ;=< úYajdih cks; úh hq;=hs'
ue;sjrKfhka mrdo jQ m,shgu ue;sjrK l%uh wid¾:l njg
fy<d ±lSu fkdjà' ta jdf.au ue;sjrK l%uh fodaI o¾Ykhg ,la
lsÍu u.ska m%cd;ka;%jd§ foayh wl%sh lsÍug ls%hd fkdl< hq;=hs'
Pkaoodhlhska i;= n,mEï lsÍfï yelshdj Yla;su;a l<hq;=hs
ue;srjKhla yryd rch yd rcfha m%;sm;a;sh iïnkaOfhka ;uka
i;=j hï hï n,mEï lsÍfï Yla;shla we;ehs Pkaoodhlhkag wjfndaO
úh hq;=hs' ue;sjrKhl § úúO mCI w;f¾ fyda fjkia mCIj,g
wh;a wfmaCIlhska w;f¾ fyda tlu mCIfha wfmaCIlhska w;f¾ fyda
iqÿiafil= f;dard m;alr .ekSug Pkaoodhlhskag bv ;sfí' tfiau
ckdêm;sjrKh" we;=¿ WNh uka;%S uKav,h" my< uka;%S uKav,h"
l,dmSh iy wfkl=;a m<d;a md,k wdh;kj, ue;sjrKj, § Tjqkag
fjk;a l%uhla hgf;a Pkaoh m%ldY lsÍug yels fõ' yqfola
jHjia:dodhlfha ixhq;sh ;SrKh lsÍfï § muKla fkdj rchla
msysgqùfï § o ;u Pkaofha n,fhka ;ukag fldf;la ÿrg n,mEï isÿ
l< yels±hs Pkao odhlhka ;=< úYajdih cks; ùu jeo.;a h'
Yla;su;a foaYmd,k mCI ;sridr m%cd;ka;%jdohgrel=,ls
Pkao m;s%ldfõ foaYmd,k mCI fyda wdik ixLHdj jeäj;au
ck;djf.a Pkaofhka ia:dmkh l< yelafla Yla;su;a yd m%n,
jHjia:dodhlhla fkdj wixúOdkh jQ" fldgiaj,g ì£.sh tlla neúka
lsisjl=g fyda wfmaCIs; m%;sM, w;alr .ekSug fkdyels fõ' mq¿,a
mokula u; ia:dmkh jQ Yla;su;a foaYmd,k mCI ;sridr
m%cd;ka;%jdohg uy;a rel=f,ls'
§¾> ld,Sk ia:dhs;dj iy fláld,Sk jdis ks;ru tlsfkl yd
fkd.e<fma
foaYmd,k rx. mSGfha kshe,s mqoa.,hska kj ue;sjrK l%uhla
ms<sn|j idlÉPd lsÍfï § bÈß ue;sjrKfha § ;u mCIfha ch.%yKhg
jdisjk wkaofï fhdackd bÈßm;a lsÍu isß;hs'
tl mCIhl flá ld,Sk ch.%yKh fyda wdêm;Hh §¾> ld,Sk
foaYmd,k ì|jeàulg fukau iudch ;=< wiykldÍ ;;a;ajhla
28
we;sùug fya;=jk neúka fuh ks;ru mdfya kqjKg yqre ke;s ls%hdjla
úh fkdyelshs' tf,iu fjkiajk foaYmd,ksl ;;a;ajhkag iy kj
foaYmd,k jHdmdrhkaf.a j¾Okhg ue;sjrK l%u fj;ska m%udKj;a
m%;spdr ±laùu wjYH fõ'
m%cd;ka;%jdoh uekúka ia:djr jQ rgj, mjd m%Odk foaYmd,k
mCI i|yd ,efnk ck;d iyfhda.h wLKavj iaÓr uÜgul fkdmj;S'
tfy;a kj m%cd;ka;%jd§ rgj, foaYmd,kh yeu l,ays w;sYh m%n,
iajrEmhla ork w;r mj;akd ue;sjrK l%uh hgf;a tla ue;sjrKhl
§ ch.%yKh lrkq ,nk mCIhla B<Õ ue;sjrKfha § wjYHfhka u
ch.%yKh lsÍug wfmdfydi;a jkq we;'
wvqmdvq miqj imqrd,sh yels hhs fkdis;kak
ish¨ ue;sjrK l%u hgf;a ch.%dylhska fukau mrdch ,enqfjda o
fj;s' hï ue;sjrK l%uhla rgl ls%hd;aul fjñka mj;sk úg th
trg foaYmd,k jgmsgdfõ fldgila njg m;a fõ' ue;sjrK l%uh
úu¾IKhg ,la lsÍug wfmaCId lrkafka kï" th ffk;sl wdlD;shl
iajrEmfhka t<s ±laùu kqjkg yqre h'
iudc w¾nqo flfrys ´kEu ue;sjrK l%uhlska we;súhyels n,mEu ;lafiare lrkak
ue;sjrK l%u iqÿiq jHjia:dodhlhka iy ckdêm;sjreka f;dard
.ekSu i|yd muKla Wmfhda.S lr.kakd hdka;%Khla muKla fkdj"
th iudch ;=< mj;akd w¾nqo l<ukdrlKh lsÍfï fuj,ula f,i
o ols; yels h' we;eï lreKq hgf;a iuyr ue;sjrK l%u úiska
foaYmd,k mCIj,g ;u m%Odk n,uq¨fjka msg wdOdr me;Su i|yd
wkqn, fokq ,nhs' wfkla w;g kqiqÿiq ue;sjrK l%u Wmfhda.S lr
.ekSfï § mj;akd RKd;aul m%jk;djka ;jÿrg;a W;aikak ùu isÿ
fõ' ´kEu foaYmd,k wdh;khla ie,iqï lsÍfï § th iudch ;=<
mj;akd fkdikaiqkaldÍ ;;a;ajhka wvq lsÍug WmldÍ fkdjqj;a"
wvq;rñka mj;akd ;;a;ajh W.% w;g fkdyerùug j.n,d.; hq;=hs'
mek ke.sh yels widudkH yd wkfmaCIs; wjia:d .ekl,amkdldÍ jkak
ue;sjrK l%u ie,iqï lsÍfï § uq,a wjia:dfõ § u my; i|yka
m%Yak iïnkaOfhka ie,ls,su;a ùu fnfyúka m%Óm, iys; úh yels
h' wjidk m%;sM,h l=ula úh yels±hs ;Skaÿ lsÍug yelsjkq msKsi
fhdað; ue;sjrK l%uh m%udKj;a whqßka meyeÈ,s lr fkd;sfí o"
ke;fyd;a wjYH úia;r imhd fkd;sfío@ tl mCIhlg ish¨u wdik
ch.%yKh l< yelso@ jHjia:dodhlfha ;sfnk wdik m%udKhg jvd
jeä ixLHdjla ,nd§ug isÿjqjfyd;a ;;a;ajh l=ula fõo@ wfmaCIlhska
iudk Pkao ixLHdjla ,nd.;fyd;a .;hq;= ls%hdud¾.h l=ulao@
29
iuyr Èia;s%lalj, mCI wdOdrlrejl= úiska ;ukaf.a jeä ukdmh
;sfnk mCIhg fyda wfmaCIlhdg Pkaoh §fuka je<flS isàu jvd;a
uekejehs lshd ue;sjrK l%uh woyia lrkafkao@
f;dard.;a ue;sjrK l%uh ;sridrj mj;ajdf.k hdhq;=hs
f;dard.kq ,enQ ue;sjrK l%uh" mßYS,kh lsÍfï § ñksia n,h
iy cd;sl whjeh f,aLkfhka iemefhk uQ,H iïm;a w;HdjYH fõ'
fuu wjYH;dj wLKavj imqrd,sh yelso@ tfiakï th hqla;s iy.;o@
30
ue;sjrK l%u ie,iqï lsÍfï § mÍCIdjg ,laúh hq;=m%Odk lreKq
ue;sjrK l%uh meyeÈ,so@ wjfndaO lr.; yelso@
wkd.; m%;sixialrK i|yd jQ hdka;%K ixlS¾K fkdjkafkao@
Pkaoodhlhska wj;lafiarejg ,la lsÍug ue;sjrK l%ufhka bv
fkd,efnkafkao@
ue;sjrK l%uh yels;dla ÿrg mß.%dyS ù ;sfío@
ue;sjrK l%u ie,iqï lsÍfï ls%hdj,sh idOdrK njg yefÕkafkao@
ue;sjrK m%;sM, idOdrK nj fmfkao@
widudkH wkfmaCIs; wjia:d ie,ls,a,g Ndckh ù ;sfío@
ue;sjrK l%uh mßmd,kuh iy uQ,Huh jYfhka ;sridr mokul
msysgd ;sfío@
Pkaoodhlhskag ;uka n,j;a hhs yefÕkafkao@
;r.ldÍ mCI l%uhlg wkqn, ,efío@
iuia;hla jYfhka wdKavql%u jHjia:d rduqjg ue;sjrK l%uh fyd¢ka
wkqrEm jkafkao@
w¾nqo W.% lsÍu fjkqjg" th neyer lr,Sug ue;sjrK l%uh WmldÍ
jkafkao@
31
.egmo újrKh
Pkao m;s%ldfõ jHqyh
ue;sjrKhl § Pkao odhlhdf.a ukdmh Pkao m;s%ldfõ m%ldY
fjk wdlrh ñka ksrEmkh fõ' fuys § Pkao m;s%ldj wfmalaIlhd fyda
mlaIh uQ,sl fldg f.k ;sfí o hkak úfYaI fõ'
ue;sjrK fldÜGdY udhsï ks¾Kh lsÍu
rgla" m%dfoaYSh n,uKav, m%foaYhla fyda cd;sl iSud blau jQ
wdh;khla ue;sjrK fldÜGdYj,g lvd fjka lrk wdldrh ñka
woyia fõ'
wfmalaIl uQ,sl Pkao m;s%ldj
mlaI fyda foaYmd,k lKavdhï fjkqjg ck;dj úiska ue;sjrKh
i|yd bÈßm;a ù isák wfmalaIlhska f;dard .ekSu i|yd fhdod .efka'
ixjD; ,ehsia;=j
mlaI wfmalaIl ,ehsia;=j ;=< wfmalaIlfhl= i|yd ukdmh
±laùug bv fkdi,id" yqfola mlaIhlg fyda foaYmd,k lKavdhulg
muKla Pkaoh §u iSud lrk iudkqmd;sl ue;sjrK l%uhls'
ydksmQrl wdik
idudkHfhka nyq;aj $ nyq;r l%u m%ldr iudkqmd;sl ñY% ksfhdað;
l%ufha m<uq fldgi hgf;a mj;ajk ,o ue;sjrKfha m%;sM,j, i|yka
mlaI fyda lKavdhïj, ksfhdackh ;=< isÿ ù we;s wiudkqmd;sl;ajh
ksjerÈ lsÍu i|yd iudkqmd;sl ksfhdack l%uh u.ska iemfhk wdik"
ydksmQrl wdik jYfhka .efka'
wiudkqmd;sl;ajh
ue;sjrKhlg iyNd.s jQ mlaI iy foaYmd,k lKavdhï i|yd
wdik fjkalr § fï § iudkqmd;sl;ajhg msgq md hk iSudj
Èia;s%lalh
ñka ue;sjrK Èia;s%lalh woyia flf¾'
Èia;s%lalfha úYd,;ajh
ue;sjrK Èia;s%lalhla i|yd f;dard .kq ,nk ksfhdað;hskaf.a
ixLHdj fuhska lshefõ'
32
ue;sjrK Èia;s%lalh
ue;sjrK lghq;= wrNhd rgla" m%dfoaYSh wêldßhla fyda cd;sl
iSud blaujkq ,nk wdh;khla fnod fjka lrkq ,nk N+f.da,Sh
m%foaYhkaf.ka tlls' ue;sjrK Èia;s%lalhla úiska uka;%K iNdjla
i|yd ksfhdað;hska tll= fyda jeä fofkl= f;dard .kq ,efí' flaj,
uka;S% Èia;s%lal iy nyq uka;S% Èia;s%lal n,kak'
wdik ixLHdj .Kka ne,Sfï l%uh
Pkaoodhlhska úiska ue;sjrKhl § m%ldY lrkq ,nk Pkao uka;S%
wdik njg m;a lsÍfï l%uhhs'
ue;sjrK kS;sh
foaYmd,k wdh;k f;dardm;a lr.ekSfï iuia; ls%hdj,sh wdjrKh
jk whqßka rgl wdKavql%u jHjia:djg fyda wdh;ksl jHqyhg we;=,a
lr we;s jHjia:dj ue;sjrK kS;shhs'
ue;sjrK l<ukdlrK wdh;kh
ue;sjrK mj;ajdf.k hdfï j.lSu mejÍ we;s ixúOdkh jYfhka
fuh ye¢kaúh yels h' fnfyda rgj, fuh iajdëk ue;sjrK
fldñiula fyda rcfha fjku fomd¾;fïka;= YdLdjla jYfhka ls%hd
lrhs'
ue;sjrK l%uh
hï uka;%K iNdjlg mlaI iy wfmalaIlhska f;aÍ m;aùu ks.ukh
lrkq ,nk ue;sjrK kS;sfha iy fr.=,disj, tla wxYhla jYfhka
fuh ye¢kaúh yelshs'
wdik ixLHdj .Kka ne,Su" Pkao m;s%ldfõ jHqyh iy ue;sjrK
Èia;s%lalh i|yd f;dard m;a l< hq;= ksfhdað; ixLHdj hk fïjd
ue;sjrK l%ufha jeo.;a wxYfhda fj;s'
ue;sjrK fldÜGdYh
fuhg f;areï folska tlla we;'
^w& ue;sjrK Èia;s%lalh ;=< Pkaoh m%ldY lsÍu i|yd ,shdmÈxÑ
ù we;s uq¿ Pkaoodhlhskaf.a ixLHdj
^wd& úYd, jYfhka bx.%Sis NdIdj l:d lrk iuyr rgj, mdúÉÑ
flfrk zue;sjrK Èia;s%lalhZ fjkqjg fhdod.kakd mohls zue;sjrK
fldÜGdYhZ
33
ráka neyerj isák Pkaoodhlhskaf.a Pkaoh §fï l%uh
;djld,slj fyda iaÓr jYfhka ráka neyerj isák mqoa.,hkag
iajlSh Pkaoh m%ldY lsÍu i|yd fhdod we;s hdka;%Khhs'
flaj, uka;%S fldÜGdY Èia;s%lal l%uh
fuhg nyq;aj $ nyq;r ue;sjrK l%ufha ±lafjk b;d u ir,
l%uhls' fuys § flaj, uka;%S fldÜGdY Èia;s%lal iy wfmaCIlhd i|yd
Pkaoh §u fuys m%Odk wx.hhs' wfkl=;a ish¨ wfmaCIlhska wNsnjd
Pkaoh ,nd.;a wfmaCIlhd ch.%dylhd jYfhka ;Skaÿ fõ' flfia jqj
o" j,x.= Pkaoj,ska ,nd we;s ksh; ch.%yKhla f,i th ie,lsh
fkdyels h'
fm!oa.,sl jdis ;ld Pkao fldÜGdY udhsï fjkia lsÍu
lsishï foaYmd,k mCIhla úiska jdis fyda wjdis wruqKq fldgf.k
ue;sjrK Èia;s%lalj, udhsï fjkia lsÍu ñka weÕ fõ'
iudkqmd;sl Pkao l%uh
fï l%uh hgf;a iEu mCIhla fyda lKavdhula ue;sjrK
fldÜGdYhla fjkqfjka wfmaCIl lKavdhul ,ehsia;=jla bÈßm;a
lrhs' Pkao odhlfhda mCIhla i|yd ish Pkaoh m%ldY lr;s' ta wkqj
,nd we;s Pkao ixLHd fõ' ;ukg ysñ m%;sY;hg iudkqmd;sl j
mCIj,g wdik ysñ fõ' ,ehsia;=j u.ska ch.%dyl wfmaCIlhska f;dard
m;a flf¾'
my< uka;%S uKav,h
fuh jHjia:dodhlfha uka;%K iNd foflka tlls'
fuh zzck;d ksfhdað;hskaf.kaZZ iukaú; jkjd muKla fkdj jvd
m%n, uka;%K iNdj o fõ'
nyq;rjd§
fuh ksh; nyq;rhla ,nd.ekSu i|yd ie,iqï lr ;sfí' ^Pkao
ixLHdfjka 50] ¬ 1&
iudkqmd;sl ñY% ksfhdað; l%uh
fuh ñY% l%uhls' ish¨u Pkaoodhlhska m%:u ue;sjrK l%uh
m%fhdackhg .ksñka f;aÍ m;a jQ uka;%K iNdjla i|yd ksfhdað;hska
iuyrla f;dardm;alr .ks;s' B<Õg fojk ue;sjrK l%uh" tkï
34
iudkqmd;sl l%uh hgf;a b;sß wdik mCI iy lKavdhïj,g fjka
lsÍu u.ska m%:u ue;sjrK l%ufha m%;sM,j,ska isÿ jQ wiudkqmd;sl;ajh
i|yd ydksmQrKh lrkq ,efí'
ñY% l%uh
fï l%uh u.ska Pkaoodhlhska úiska m%ldY lrk ,o Pkao Wmfhda.S
lrf.k iudkqmd;sl ksfhdack l%uh iy nyq;aj $ nyq;r hk l%u
fol hgf;a ksfhdað;hska f;dardm;alr.kq ,efí' ñY% l%uh j¾. folls'
tkï" iudka;r l%u iy iudkqmd;sl ksfhdack l%u fõ'
nyq uka;%S Èia;s%lal
jHjia:dodhlhg fyda uka;%K iNdjlg ksfhdað;hska tllg jeä
ixLHdjla f;dard m;aflfrk Èia;s%lalhls' flaj, uka;%S Èia;s%lal
n,kak'
újD; ,ehsia;=j
iudkqmd;sl Pkao l%uhls' fuys § Pkaoodhlhskag mCIhla iy
lKavdhula hk fol i|yd u iy mCIh fyda lKavdhu ;=< tll=
fyda iuyr úg Bg jeä wfmaCIl ixLHdjlg ;u ukdmh m%ldY l<
yels h'
iudka;r l%uh
ñY% l%uhls' Pkaoodhlhskaf.a m%ldYs; Pkao u.ska tlsfklg fjkia
l%u folla yryd ksfhdað;hska f;dard .efka' tla l%uhla nyq;aj $
nyq;r l%uhhs'
wfkl iudkqmd;sl ksfhdack l%uhhs' tfy;a fuys § fojk l%ufha
m%;sM, .Kka lsÍfï § m%:u l%uh hgf;a fjka lrk ,o wdik ms<sn|j
ie,ls,a,la fkd±lafõ' iudkqmd;sl ñY% ksfhdað; l%uh n,kak'
mCI uQ,sl Pkao m;s%ldj
fuu Pkao m;s%ldj u.ska Pkaoodhlhska úiska ;ks wfmaCIlhska
f;dard.ekSu fjkqjg lKavdhï fyda mCI w;r f;aÍï isÿ lrkq ,efí'
nyq;aj $ nyq;r l%u
wka ljr fyda wfmaCIlhl= fkd,enQ ;rï jeä Pkao ixLHdjla
fyda 50] ¬ 1 ksh; nyq;rhla ,nd.;a wfmaCIlhl= $ wfmaCIlhska
mCIhla fyda mCI ch.%dylhska jYfhka m%ldYhg m;a flfrk
uQ,O¾uh nyq;aj $ nyq;r l%uhg mokï ù ;sfí'
35
iudkqmd;sl Pkao l%uh
mCIhla fyda lKavdhula ,nd.;a uq¿ Pkao ixLHdjg iudkqmd;sl
j wdik ixLHdjla ,nd§fï uQ,O¾uh u; fuu l%uh msysgd ;sfí'
Pkao ixLHdfjka 30] ,nd.;a mCIhlg" o< jYfhka 30] l wdik
m%udKhla ysñ fõ' ish¨ iudkqmd;sl ue;sjrK l%u i|yd nyq uka;%S
Èia;s%lal wjYH fõ'
fldagd l%uh
fï i|yd my; i|yka folska tlla w¾:j;a fõ'
w' iudkqmd;sl ksfhd ack l%uh hgf;a lsishï ue;sjrK
fldÜGdihla ;=< mCIhlg fyda wfmaCIlhl=g wdikhla
Èkd.ekSu iy;sl lsÍfï l%uhhs'
wd' f;aÍ m;a jQ uka;%K iNdfõ hï wdik ixLHdjla fyda mCIhla
$ lKavdhula úiska iudkqmd;slj kï lrk ,o wfmaCIlhska
m%udKhla ^fudjqka ish¨ fokd tla;rd iqúfYaIS lKavdhula
w;=ßka msrúh hq;= hhs kS;shla olajd ;sfí' Wod( ldka;djka o
fldagdj jYfhka ie,fla'&
flaj, ksfhdað; Èia;s%lal
jHjia:dodhl fyda f;aÍ m;a jQ uka;%K iNdjla i|yd tl
ksfhdað;fhla muKla f;dard m;alrkq ,nk ue;sjrK Èia;s%lalhhs'
nyq uka;%S fldÜGdih o n,kak'
ksfhdackh i|yd wjYH wju Pkao ixLHdj
hï mCIhlg jHjia:dodhlhg f;aÍ m;a ùu i|yd wjYH wju
Pkao ixLHdj ñka woyia flf¾' fuh fohdldÍhs'
tla l%uhla hgf;a wjYH Pkao ixLHdj" tkï m%ldY lrk ,o
j,x.= Pkao ixLHdfjka ,eìh hq;= m%;sY;h wdKavq l%u jHjia:dfõ
fyda kS;sh u.ska i|yka lr ;sfí'
ls%hd;aulj mj;akd ue;sjrK l%uh hgf;a .Ks;uh jYfhka
;SrKh lrkq ,nk m%udKh wfkla l%uhhs'
oaú;aj jg l%uh
fuh o nyq;aj $ nyq;r l%uhls' m%:u jgfha § lsisu wfmaCIlhl=
wjYH m%udKhg Pkao ,nd .ekSug wfmdfydi;a jqjfyd;a" tkï nyq,
36
jYfhka 50] ¬ 1 ksh; nyq;rhla ,nd.ekSug fkdyels jqjfyd;a fojk
ue;sjrKhla mj;ajkq ,efí'
oaú;aj jg l%uh hgf;a fojk jgfha § wfmaCIlhska fofokl=g
jeä ixLHdjlg ;r. l< yels h' tys § jeä u Pkao ixLHdjla
,nd.;a wfmaCIlhd ch.%dylhd jYfhka m%ldYhg m;a flf¾' ksh;
nyq;rhla ,nd.;af;a o" keoao hkak fuys § m%Yakhla fkdjkq we;'
úl,am jYfhka oaú;aj jg l%uh hgf;a m%:u jgfha § by<ska u
Pkao ,nd.;a wfmaCIlhska fofokd fojk jghg ;r. lrkq we;'
WNh uka;%S uKav,h
oaúuxv, jHjia:dodhlfha tla uka;%S uKav,hls' fndfyda úg fuh
l,dmSh $ fmvr,a m%dka; ksfhdað;hska f.ka iukaú; fõ' ke;fyd;a
fuh wK mk;a" m%;sm;a;s" ;SrK hkdÈh úu¾IKhg ,la flfrk
uka;%K iNdjla jYfhka lghq;= lrkq we;' ksfhdað; uka;%S uKav,h
yuqfõ fuh n,;, wvq uÜgulska mj;S'
krla jQ Pkao m;s%ld
fïjd j,x.= Pkao jqj o" wfmaCIlhl= fyda mCIhla f;aÍ m;alsÍfï
§ ie,ls,a,g .kq ,nk Pkaoj,g wh;a fkdfõ'