ultra fast acting electronic circuit breaker
TRANSCRIPT
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Ultra Fast Acting Electronic Circuit Breaker
http://www.edgefxkits.com/
Ultra Fast Acting Electronic Circuit Breaker
Abstract:
The outline of the project is to shut down the power supply when it is overloaded.
Electronic circuit breaker is based on the voltage drop across a series element typically a low value resistor or a CT(current Transformer).
The unit is extremely fast and overcomes the drawback of the thermal type.
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Ultra Fast Acting Electronic Circuit Breaker
Introduction:
The project is designed to shut down the power supply when it is overloaded.
Conventional circuit breaker like MCB based is on thermal bimetal lever trip mechanism.
This project senses the current passing through a series element and the corresponding voltage drop is compared against the preset voltage proportional to the current by a level comparator to generate an output for the load to trip.
http://www.edgefxkits.com/
Ultra Fast Acting Electronic Circuit Breaker
Electronic circuit breaker is based on the voltage drop across a series element proportional to the load current, typically a low value resistor.
This voltage is sensed and rectified to DC which is and then compared with a preset voltage by a level comparator to generate an output that drives a relay through a MOSFET to trip the load.
The unit is extremely fast and overcomes the drawback of the thermal type. It uses a microcontroller from 8051 family.
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Ultra Fast Acting Electronic Circuit Breaker
Block Diagram:
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Ultra Fast Acting Electronic Circuit Breaker
Circuit Explanation:
DC power supply-voltage VAC mains resigned to lower voltage step-down transformer and a bridge, that is, transforms into a pulsating direct current with the use of the bridge rectifier configuration. Is rectified DC voltage is filtered and is controlled by the regulator IC.
Current sensing resistor is connected to the Unit in the output circuit
between the AC source and the Earth feels the current through the output circuit, a burdens.
Management Unit of the comparator compares the input from the current sensing element with a reference voltage and, therefore, controls the relay switch, which in turn controls the power to the load.
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Ultra Fast Acting Electronic Circuit Breaker
Hard Ware Equipments:
POWER SUPPLY BLOCK
MICROCONTROLLER (AT89S52/AT89C51)
RELAY
LCD
MOSFET
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Ultra Fast Acting Electronic Circuit Breaker
Power Supply:
230 V AC 50 Hz
Bridge rectifier
Filter(470µf)
5v Regulator
5V DC
12V step down transformer
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Micro Controller:
8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash
Memory
4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range
Crystal Frequency 11.0592MHZ
Three-level Program Memory Lock
256 x 8-bit Internal RAM
32 Programmable I/O Lines
AT89S52
Ultra Fast Acting Electronic Circuit Breaker
http://www.edgefxkits.com/
Ultra Fast Acting Electronic Circuit Breaker
Relay:
It is a electro magnetic switch
Used to control the electrical devices
Copper core magnetic flux plays main role here
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Liquid Crystal Display (LCD):
Most common LCDs connected to the microcontrollers are 16x2 and 20x2 displays.
This means 16 characters per line by 2 lines and 20 characters per line by 2 lines, respectively.
The standard is referred to as HD44780U, which refers to the controller chip which receives data from an external source (and communicates directly with the LCD.
Ultra Fast Acting Electronic Circuit Breaker
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LCD:
Ultra Fast Acting Electronic Circuit Breaker
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IR LED:
An IR LED, also known as IR transmitter, is a special purpose LED that transmits infrared rays in the range of 760 nm wavelength.
Such LEDs are usually made of gallium arsenide or aluminum gallium arsenide. They, along with IR receivers, are commonly used as sensors.
The appearance is same as a common LED. Since the human eye cannot see the infrared radiations, it is not possible for a person to identify whether the IR LED is working or not, unlike a common LED.
Ultra Fast Acting Electronic Circuit Breaker
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MOSFET:
The metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET, MOS-FET, or MOS FET) is a device used for amplifying or switching electronic signals.
The basic principle of the device a voltage on the oxide-insulated gate electrode can induce a conducting channel between the two other contacts called source and drain.
It is by far the most common transistor in both digital and analog circuits, though the bipolar junction transistor was at one time much more common.
Ultra Fast Acting Electronic Circuit Breaker
http://www.edgefxkits.com/
Ultra Fast Acting Electronic Circuit Breaker
Working:
230v A.C power supply is given to transformer and its step-down voltage level to 12v A.C and then bridge rectifier converts 12v A.C to D.C.
Than the capacitor is connected which will filter dc supply and gives pure dc without harmonic and distortion and then the voltage regulating ic7805 is connected and regulated output will send to LED so the LED will glow when supply is enable.
Now this supply is given to microcontroller +12 to pin no 40 and ground to pin no 20, the 8051 has on chip oscillator.
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Ultra Fast Acting Electronic Circuit Breaker
Pins XTAL1 and XTAL2 are provided for connecting a resonant network to form an oscillator.
Crystal frequency ranges from 1MHz to 24 MHz, one crystal of 11.0592MHz and two capacitor is connected in this two pins 19 and 18 and its your clock circuit.
The 8051 has an active high reset pin, a reset input must go high for two machine cycles when power is first applied and then goes low.
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Ultra Fast Acting Electronic Circuit Breaker
Software Requirements:
Keil Compiler
Language: Embedded C or Assembly.
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Ultra Fast Acting Electronic Circuit Breaker
Conclusion: Using this device ultra fast acting electronic circuit breaking can be
achieved to save expensive equipment from possible damage.
Using this unique concept a prototype can be developed as a projects work for electrical engineering students
