umts - technology concepts, standards

UMTS - TechnologyConcepts, Standards & Implementation

H. Dobernig PSE MCS IC2 2

Program andSystem EngineeringPSE

UMTS - Technology: Agenda

UMTS Network ArchitectureNew FeaturesNew Entities Compare with 2G SystemsUMTS Standards

Architecture of UMSCDeviations from StandardHW-Architecture

Questions & Discussion



Evolution

•GSM/TDMA/CDMA: 9.6 – 28.8 kbps

2G: Low Speed Packet and Circuit Data

•GPRS/EDGE: 9.6 – 384 kbps

2.5G: High Speed Packet Data

•3GPP: 144 kbps – 2 Mbps

3G: Multimedia

•Future Standard

•2 – 20 Mbps

•Seamless Interconnection with 3G, WLAN‘s, fixed Networks

4G: Very High Speed Wireless Internet

2001

2000

1999



UMTS R‘99 - Features

Air Interface based on W-CDMA

High Speed Data ServicesCS domain: up to 384 kbpsPO domain: up to 2 Mbps

2 different Modes: FDD-mode, TDD-mode

ATM-based Interfaces

„Common Interface“ for CS and PO between Access NW and Core NW

Handover between RNC‘s in Access NW

Enhanced Security Functions



UMTS Standards / 1

W-CDMA Technology

Specification: 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project)

Japan (ARIB und TTC) Europe (ETSI) Korea (TTA) USA (T1) and China (CWTS)

Representatives: GSM Association UMTS Forum IPv6 Forum UWCC (Universal Wireless Communications

Consortium )



UMTS Standards / 2

Standardization body: 3GPP http://www.3gpp.org/

Specifications:3GPP TS 21.xxx - TS 34.xxx23-series: Technical realization stage 2

23.002: Network Architecture 23.060 GPRS (with 3G extensions)

24-series: Signaling Protocols CN 24.008 Core NW protocols stage 3

25-series: Radio Aspects 25.413 RANAP 25.414 Iu Data Transport and transport Signaling

25.415 Iu-User Plane



UMTS Network Architecture / 1

Radio NetworkControl

RNC


RNC

UMSCUMSC

Iub Interface Iu Interface


RNC


RNC

Iub Interface Iu Interface

Iur Interface

Node B

Node B

MS

MS

A N C N



UMTS Network Architecture / 2

UMTS network consists of an Access Network (AN) and a Core Network (CN). The AN is formed by Radio Network Controllers (RNC‘s), NodeB‘s and Mobile Stations.

The RNC‘s are interconnected using the Iur interface. This interconnection enables the RNS to keep „Handover“ within the Access Network (if it is between RNC‘s in one AN).



Time

Cod

e

UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Modes

Time

Channel bandwidth 5MHz

TDD mode FDD mode

Cod

e

15

Both with harmonized bandwidth and pulse shapeIMT-2000 Spectrum (1885 – 2025 MHz / 2110 – 2200 MHz)

2

1

Frequency FrequencyChannel bandwidth 5MHz

UL UL

DL

Guard Period

15

Duplex Separation



Advantages of W-CDMA

• Modulation: QPSK

• Connection establishment is easier

• No frequency planning / code planning only

• Low noise

• Automatically ciphering

• New access technology

• BUT: Near-Far Effect



Summary of the UTRA parameters

Duplex Mode FDD/TDD

Base Station – Synchronization

Asynchronous

Chip Rate 3.84 MCps/s

Frame Length 10 ms

Data Rate Up to 2 Mbit/s

Multi Rate Variable



1. Current TDD Principle

2. Asymmetrical Traffic in UTRA TDD mode

TX timeslots RX timeslots

Example:

Timeslot pairs for 2 duplex connections: Different timeslots in UL/DL

Switching PointsTX timeslots RX timeslots

Timeslot pairs for duplex connection

TDD structure like in 2G systems

UTRA-TDD Mode Asymmetrical Handling



TDD Channel Structure

Merge of benefits: • CDMA provides interference control and high system capacity• TDD provides Fast Power Control free operation • TDD provides asymmetrical data transfer

multipleTCH per

time slot

1 time slot

5 MHz 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Codes1-8

Power Density / Code

Time

Freq

uenc

yTDD

15



UMTS Cell Hierarchy

• Macro Cell (suburban/rural area) range:max. 15 km (for 144 kbps)high mobility (up to 500 km/h)up to 144 kbps

• Micro Cell (urban area) range:some 100 mmedium mobility up to 384 kbps

• Pico Cell (indoor/home environment) range:some 10 mlow mobilityup to 2 Mbps



Cell Breathing

1,6

1,4

1,2

1

0,8

0,6

0,4

0,2

010 20 30 40 50

Users

Cell

dia

mete

r (k

m)



Siemens UMSC / 1

MSC

3G-SGSN

Core Network

IWU

A*

internal GGSN

RNCIu

Gn

GMSCE

HLR

CGr

PSTN

ISDN

ISP

UMSCAccess Network



Siemens UMSC / 2

Siemens UMSC consists of 3 functional blocks:

CP based MSC part MP based IWU MP based 3G-SGSN

MSC: slight modifications mainly in Call Processing A*-Interface

3G-SGSN: 3G-SGSN is based on the 2.5G-SGSN (GPRS) IWU: SCCP endpoint, distribution of messages to CS and PO domain For CS it contains also following functions

Mapping of Iu-IF to A*-IF (Call Processing stays in the MSC) AAL2 Transport Signaling incl. AAL2 Call Processing Control of TSC (TRAU Server Card)



Comparison GSM-UMTS / 1

RNC

GMSC

3G-SGSN

3G-MSC

GGSN

E*

Iu po

Iu csGn Gi

BSC

GMSC

SGSN

MSC

GGSNGb

A

Gn

E

Gi

PSTN

ISDN

ISP

PSTN

ISDN

ISP



Comparison GSM-UMTS / 2

GSM/GPRS (2/2.5G)

2 different protocol stacks between CN and AN. For CS part BSSMAP is used for communication between the BSC and the MSC, for communication between the MSC and the MS DTAP (Direct Transfer Application Part) is used. The PO part (GPRS) uses a different stack: BSSGP, LLC, SM/GMM (Session Management, GPRS Mobility Management) and IP.

UMTS R’99 (3G)

First UMTS release is an evolution of GSM. The two different protocol stacks for the A and the Gb interface migrate to a common interface, the Iu-Interface. Communication between AN and CN is done with a CS and PO common protocol, the RANAP. The NAS (Non Access Stratum) signaling is done with different protocols for CS (CC, MM) and PO (SM, GMM).



Iu-Interface Protocol-Stack / 3

Protocol Stack on the Iu-Interface can be divided into 2 horizontal layers: Radio Network Layer and the Transport Network Layer

Vertical Planes

Control Plane: UMTS-specific control signaling (includes application protocol i.e. RANAP) and signaling bearer for the application protocol messages

User Plane: Data stream includes coded voice (CS) or packets (PO)

Transport Network Control Plane: Used for all control signaling within the transport layer and signaling bearer

Transport Network User Plane: Data bearer(s) in the user plane and signaling bearer(s) for the application protocol



Iu-Interface towards Core Network -CS / 1

to R

NC

to U

MS

C

Q.2150.1

Q.2630.1

RANAP Iu UP ProtocolLayer

TransportNetwork

Layer

Physical Layer

TransportUser

NetworkPlane

Control Plane User Plane

TransportUser

NetworkPlane

Transport NetworkControl Plane

RadioNetwork

Layer

ATM

SSCOP

AAL5

SSCOP

SSCF-NNI

AAL2AAL5

MTP3bMTP3b

SCCP

SSCF-NNI



Iu-Interface towards Core Network PO / 2

to R

NC

to U

MS

C

SSCF-NNI

SSCOP

AAL5

IP

SCTP

SCCP

SSCF-NNI

MTP3-B M3UA

RANAP Iu UP Protocol

Layer

Transport Network

Layer

Physical Layer

Transport User

Network Plane

Control Plane User Plane

Transport User

Network Plane

Transport Network Control Plane

Radio Network

Layer

ATM

AAL5

IP

UDP

GTP-U

Physical Layer

ATM



GPRS vs. UMTS (PO) Transport plane / 1

UMTS Protocol Stack

MS

UE

GTPL3CE

UDP

Application

IP

GTPSNDCP

BSSGPRLC

Iu Gi

GnGb

LLC

BSSGP

FR

L1

UDP

IP

L2

L1

Gi

MAC

L1

FR

L1

Um

GTP

Gn

UDP

IP

L2

L1

*

Uu

GTPGTP

UDP

IP

ATM(AAL5)

L1

UDP

IP

L2

L1

RLC IP

MAC ATM(AAL5)

L1 L1

Application

IP

SNDCP

LLC

RLC

MAC

L1

Application

IP

L3CE

RLC

MAC

L1

GTP

UDP

IP

L2

L1

* Internet *

Application

IP

Internet *

3GSGSNRNC

BSC SGSN GGSN

GGSN

GPRS Protocol Stack



GPRS vs. UMTS (PO) Transport plane / 2

In GPRS mobile specific protocols (BSSGP, LLC, SNDCP) are used. At SGSN the protocol stacks (Gb-IF) are implemented on the MP-Platform.

UMTS uses for PO data traffic an IP-based protocol stack.



Functionality: R‘99

RNC from Mobisphere (join venture between Siemens and NEC)

Intersystem Handover (3G->2G)

Voice via AAL2 using the Adaptive Multi-Rate Codec

64 kbps CS Service

384 kbps with „Best Effort“ QoS for PO Service

Supported L1 on the Iu-IF is STM-1 (155 Mbps)



UMSC HW-Configuration

Iu I/f

TSC

E1:LIC

LTG

MB

SN

SCP

HLR

INAP/CAP

ISUP

MAP

LTG

LTG

LTG

LTG

PSTN

MP:RANAP

MP:SLT ASN

IOC A

MP

CP

Gi I/f

LIC*

LIC:STM1

Gr, Gs, Gd I/f

LIC:STM1

LIC:STM1

LTG

E1:LIC

E1:LIC

LIC* SP:GTP

LIC*

MC

P

File Server

HUB

36140Gn I/f

Ethernet

SP:ISP

MP:ACC

MP:PD

MP:MM

MP:SM

MP:SA

SP:GTP

SC

36140

U T R A N

I S P

36190

O M C



UMTS - Network Architecture

RNS

RNC

RNS

RNC

CN

Node B Node B Node B Node B

IuCS IuPS

Iur

Iubis

USIM

ME

MS

Cu

Uu

MSCSGSN

Gs

GGSNGMSC

GnHLR

Gr

GcC

D

E

AuCH

EIR

F Gf

GiPSTN

IuCSIuPS

VLRB

Gp

VLRG

BSC

BTSBTS

Um

A

BSC

BTSBTS

Gb

Abis Abis

Um

BSSBSS

SIM

SIM-ME i/f or

MSC

B

PSTN

Iubis

PSTN



McCool – UMTS Mobile Station



UMTS-Abbreviations

UMSC ... UMTS-Mobile Switching Center 3G-MSC ... 3rd Generation MSC 3G-SGSN ... 3rd Generation SGSN RNC ... Radio Network Controller (3G BSC) controls one

or more NodeB‘s NodeB ... Node Broadband (3G BTS) serves one cell CS ... Circuit Switched PO ... Packet Oriented RANAP ... Radio Access Network Application part

(BSSMAP/GSM) Iu-IF ... Interface between UMSC and RNC Iur-IF ... Interface between RNC‘s Iub-IF ... Interface between RNC and NodeB



References

Books: Prased, Ramjee/Mohr, Werner/Konhäuser Walter: Third Generation Mobile

Communication Systems. Boston, London 2000 Holma, Harri/Toskala, Antti: WCDMA for UMTS. Chichester 2000 Walke, Bernhard/Fliege, Norbert: Mobilfunknetze und ihre Protokolle.

Stuttgart, 1998 others

Periodicals: Funkschau Mobilcom SMG News (ETSI) others

3G Internet Addresses:http://www.3gpp.org/http://www.etsi.org/http://www.umts-forum.org/http://www.gsmworld.com/



UMTS - Technology

Q u e s t i o n s &

D i s c u s s i o n

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umts - technology concepts, standards

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