under the earth. introduction why underground? reserve is deep, uneconomical to remove the...
TRANSCRIPT
Under The Earth
Introduction
Why Underground? Reserve is deep, uneconomical to remove the overburdenUnderground: All kinds of design you can imagineTransport (people, waste rock and ore) through: Decline Shaft Decline and Shaft
Shaft and Decline
www.geocities.com/cannon_mine/
Development
Create accesses and other openings (water sump, power station, shop etc.) in waste rock.
Cycle/Round– Drilling– Blasting– Mucking– Ground Support
Basic Terminology– Rib- Side Wall– Sill- Floor– Back- Roof Overhead– Face – Active Working/Advancing Surface
Drilling
http://news.thomasnet.com/images/large/456/456652.jpg
Blasting
Load drill holes with explosives and……
….BOOM!!
http://www.cgempire.com/tutorials/pstuts/explosion/ExplosionExample.jpg
Mucking
http://www.golden-phoenix.com/images/MuckingMaryMine.jpghttp://wells.entirety.ca/images/wp627m.jpg
Ground Support: Bolts & Mesh
Ground Support: Bolts
Prevent wedge failure
Hold mesh (wire)
http://www.rocscience.com/images/products/unwedge/uw_support5.gif
Patterns
Several types of bolts used ranging 5 to 12 feet in length
Spacing and bolting pattern dependent upon ground conditions and life span of drift
®
®
we ell xS®
w e el l xS
Different Patterns For 100% Coverage
Ground Support: Shotcrete
Form a support arch Fill in voids between rocks and bond them
together Stop rock weathering
Ground Support: Shotcrete
http://www.scsmining.ca/site/Portals/0/Shotcreter%20in%20tunnel.jpg
Thank you!!
Questions?