understanding grid integration issues at wind farms and solutions using voltage source converter...

7/22/2019 Understanding Grid Integration Issues at Wind Farms and Solutions Using Voltage Source Converter FACTS Technol…

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/understanding-grid-integration-issues-at-wind-farms-and-solutions-using-voltage 1/7

Qhàrstjh`lhd drl` lhtadrjtlkh lssuas jt wlh`

gjrbs jh` skcutlkhs uslhd vkctjda skurma

mkhvartar GJMP] tamfhkckdy

J. Oafrcl, Babnar , LAAA, B. ^kss, Babnar , LAAA

Jnsgrumt-Pyplmjccy wlh` gjrb s jra ckmjta` lh rabkta jrajs,`rlvah ny wlh` jh` wajtfar pjttar hs wltf clttca jhjcysls dlvah tktfa axlstlhd trjhsblsslkh hatwk ro lh j dlvah ckmjtlkh. Pfasackmjtlkhs tah` tk fa wajoar pkrtlkhs k g tfa drl`, wflmf bajhstfay jra jcsk bumf bkra sahsltlva tk gcumtujtlkhs lh rajmtlvapkwar àbjh`. @rlvah ny avar-lhmrajslhd prkglt jh` bjrdlhprassuras, wlh` àvackpars qulta kgtah utlclza ckw mkst lhùmtlkhbjmflhas gkr tfalr wlh` daharjtkrs. Pfa prkncab ls tfjt tfasa

bjmflhas tah` tk `rjlh cjrda jbkuhts k g WJ^s grkb tfa drl`,pktahtljccy mjuslhd ckw vkctjda jh`/k r vkctjda stjnlclty prkncabsgkr tfa trjhsblsslkh kwhar. L h j``ltlkh, tk`jy“s wlh` d aharjtkrsjra sahsltlva tk vkctjda trjhslahts j h` graquahtcy trlp kgg clha uatk tfasa avahts. Pfls pjpar axjb lhas tfa usa kg W]M tamfhkckdytk j` `rass tfasa lssuas.

Lhàx Parbs-Lhùmtlkh daha rjtkr , rajmtlva mkbp ahsjtlkh,vkctjda skurma mkhvartars...

L. LHP^K@QMPLKH

FL] `kmubaht axjblhas tfa mfjccahdas kg lhtadrjtlhd

typa kg wlh` turnlha utlclza`, wlh` gjrbs mjh pktahtljccy mjusa

staj`y-stjta vkctjda raducjtlkh `lgglmuctlas kr, uhàrmkhtlhdahmy sltujtlkhs, vkctjda mkccjpsa kg tfa ckmjc

trjhsblsslkh hatwkro? lh j``ltlkh tk j vjrlaty k g pkwar qujclty

prkncabs. Qsa kg `yhjblm rajmtlva mkbpahsjtlkh ls kgtah

usa` tk bltldjta tfasa prkncabs. Pyplmjc àvlmas usa` tk

prkvlà tfls mkbpahsjtlkh jra js gkcckws5

P. .lh` gjrb s lhtk tfa trjhsblsslkh drl`. @apah`lhd kh tfa

: ]fuht mkhhamta` B]M“s (bamfjhlmjccy swltmfa`

>. ] W M (stjtlm W J ^ mkbpahsjtkr)

=.

mjpjmltkr fjhos)

]PJPMKB (stjtlm mkbpahsjtkr) uslhd W]M (vkctjda

skurma mkhvartars) jh` slb lcjr àvlmas

Ktfar skcutlkhs jra jcsk pksslnca lhmcu`lhd tfa usa kgskpflstlmjta` pkwar acamtrkhlms nulct lhtk tfa wlh` turnlhas

tfabsacvas. Lh j``ltlkh, skba turnlha bjhugjmturars lhmcuà

swltmfa` mjpjmltkrs nulct lhtk tfa wlh` daharjtkrs tk prkvlà

hamassjry rajmtlva mkbpahsjtlkh.

J Omfrcl ls wltf Jbarlmjh ]uparmkhùmtkr, Bl``catkh, TL Q]J (a-bjlc5

B. ^kss ls wlcf Jbarlmjh ]uparmkhùmtkr, Bl``catkh, TL Q ] J (a-bjlc5

noafrclIjbsupar.mkb).

b rk s s Ib upar . mk b )

J typlmjc wlh`gjrb mjh mkhslst cass tfjh tk savarjc fuh`ra`

wlh` turnlhas acamtrlmjccy mkhhamta` tk j mkbbkh nus,

skbatlbas ragarra` tk js j –mkccamtkr nus‒. Tlh` daharjtkrs

daharjta pkwar jt ckw vkctjdas, typlmjccy 069 kr 779W jh` usa

mkhvahtlkhjc pj` bkuhta` trjhsgkrbars lhstjcca` wltf ajmf

daharjtkr tk stap up tfalr kutput tk j `lstrlnutlkh vkctjda,

kgtah =0.1oW. Gldura : nackw lccustrjtas j mkhvahtlkhjc wlh`

gjrb `lstrlnutlkh systab.

Gld Pyplmjc wlh`gjrb

Js sumf, bkst wlh` g jrbs jra rj`ljccy mkhhamta` tk tfa hajrast

trjhsblsslkh nus.

::. WK C P JD A Y^K NC AB ] K H T L H@ GJ^B]

Pfa bjekr vkctjda racjta` wlh` gjrb lssuas typlmjccy gjcc lhtk

tfraa drkups5

Prjhslaht vkctjda avahts mrajta` kh tfa pkwar drl` tfjt

jggamt tfa pargkrbjhma kg tfa w lh`gjrb.

Prjhslaht vkctjda avahts mjusa` ny tfa wlh` gjrb tfjtaggamt tfa pargkrbjhma k g tfa pkwar drl`.

Ckmjc staj`y stjta vkctjda raducjtlkh prkncabs mjusa` ny

tfa wlh` gjrb.

9-469=-4<6<-7/9=/ :4.999>99= LAAA :6>>



:::. AVPA^HJC\]PAB AWAHP]GGAMPLHD TTK PQ^NLHA

YA^GK^BJHMA

Pfa glrst mcjss kg prkncab mjh kmmur namjusa bjhy wlh`

turnlha daharjtkrs tah` tk na vary sahsltlva tk vkctjda

trjhslahts, kgtah trlpplhd kgg clha kr sustjlhlhd `jbjda ùa tk

tfasa avahts. Tflca tfa cavac kg sahsltlvlty vjrlas grkb

bjhugjmturar tk bjhugjmturar jh` bkàc tk bkàc, jcc turnlhasjra susmaptlnca tk trlpplhd ùa tk tabpkrjry ckss kr raùmtlkh

kg tarblhjc vkctjda.

Pfls prkncab mjh na j bjekr mkhmarh grkb j systab stjnlclty

pklht kg vlaw js tfa su`àh ckss kg daharjtlkh mjh na j stap lh

j bjekr mjsmj`lhd avaht. Gkr lhstjhma, j trjhsblsslkh systab

gjuct tfjt rasucts lh tfa ckss kg jh lbpkrtjht pkwar clha mkuc`

jcsk mjusa j vkctjda `lp tfjt ls sugglmlaht tk trlp kgg j

sldhlglmjht pkrtlkh kg j pkwar prkùmlhd wlh` gjrb. Pfa ckss

kg tfa daharjtlkh skurma lh j``ltlkh tk tfa ckss kg tfa

trjhsblsslkh mlrmult mkuc` mkbpkuh` tfa savahty kg tfa avaht.

Lh j``ltlkh, rapatltlva trlpplhd kg wlh` turnlhas mkuc` mjusa j

raùmtlkh lh tfa clga spjh kg tfa turnlhas jh` raùma tfa j nlcltykg tfa wlh` gjrb tk daharjta ravahua.

]bjccar vkctjda trjhslahts, sumf js mjpjmltkr swltmflhd, mjh

jcsk j`varsacy jggamt wlh` turnlhas. Lh pjrtlmucjr, sbjcc stap

mfjhdas lh vkctjda tah` tk mjusa stap mfjhdas lh tfa jppcla`

tkrqua wltflh tfa turnlha s dajrnkxas. Kvar tlba, tfasa avahts

j`` tk tfa hjturjc wajr jh` tajr kh tfa dajrnkx mkbpkhahts,

sfkrtahlhd tfalr clga spjh jh` j``lhd tk bjlhtahjhma mksts.

Gldura > ls j mfjrt tfjt àsmrlnas jcc tfa mjusas kg wlh` turnlha

`kwhtlba lh j Darbjh wlh` gjrb lh :<<<. Hkta tfjt

mkbpkhaht gjlcura, wflmf lhmcuàs dajrnkx gjlcura, jmmkuhts

gkr 0> kg jcc wlh` gjrb `kwh tlba.

:y1:ab

>:%

Gld. >. Bjlh Mjusas kg@kwhtlba lh N Darbjh Tlh` Gjrb

Gldura = ls j slblcjr mfjrt àtjlclhd tfa mjusas kg `kwh tlba

gkr wlh` prkeamts lh Glhcjh` grkb :<<<7-:<<<. Hkta tfjt tfa

dajrnkx gj lcura ls raspkhslnca gkr =9 kg jcc gjlcuras.

Gld. =. Bjlh Mjusasjg@kwhtlba lh j Glhlsf Tlh` Gjrb

Lt ls mcajr tfjt dajrnkx lssuas jra j sldhlglmjht mjusa kg wlh`

turnlha `kwhtlba.

LW. YKTA ZQJCLP\]]QA]

Pfa samkh` mcjss kg wlh` gjrb vkctjda prkncabs àjcs wltftfa tahàhmy gkr skba wlh` turnlhas tk mjusa systab vkctjda

`lps. Pfa prkncab ls typlmjccy jsskmljta` wltf tfa stjrtup kg

lh`lvlùjc turnlhas. Bkst turnlh as fjva tfa jnlclty tk bajsura

wlh` vackmlty jh` `k hkt nadlh daharjtlhd pkwar uhtlc tfa

wlh` rajmfas j martjlh spaa` gkr j martjlh ùrjtlkh. Qpkh

làhtlgylhd tfa jpprkprljta mkh`ltlkhs gkr stjrtup, tfa wlh`

turnlha mjh `rjw j strkhd rajmtlv a murraht tfjt ls slblcjr tk tfa

stjrtlhd murraht kg bkst jhy lhùmtlkh bjmflha. Pfls stjrtlhd

murraht mjh na js drajt js > tk = tlbas tfa bjmflha rjtlhd jh`

mjh cjst js ckhd js tah samkh`s.

Pfls su`àh murraht `rjw mjh mjusa j sldhlglmjht vkctjda `lp

kh tfa trjhsblsslkh systab. Pf a savarlty kg tfa `lp ls drajtcyàpahàht kh tfa slza kg tfa turnlha jh` tfa strahdtf kg tfa

surrkuh`lhd pkwar systab, js wacc js tfa bjoa jh` bkàc kg

tfa turnlha. Bkst utlcltlas fjva lhtarmkhhamtlkh raqulrabahts

tfjt pcjma clblts tfa àptf, ùrjtlkh, jh` graquahmy kg vkctjda

`lps jcckwa` jt tfa pklht kg mkbbkh mkupclhd natwaah tfa

utlclty s systab jh` tfa kggah`lh d wlh` gjrb. Lg tfa wlh` gjrb

mjusas vkctjda `lps lh axmass kg tfa lhtarmkhhamtlkh

raqulrabahts (typlmjccy `lps mjh na hk àapar tfjh > = ),

tfa utlclty bjy àbjh` tfjt tfa wlh` gjrb na à-ahardlza`

uhtlc tfa prkncab ls mkrramta`.

W. ]PAJ@\ PJPAWKCPJDA ADQCJPLKH]]QA]

Qhmkbpahsjta`, j typlmjc wlh` gjrb bjy mjusa uhàslrjnca

gcumtujtlkh lh tfa vkctjda kh tfa `lstrlnutlkh jh` trjhsblsslkh

systab. Wkctjda vjrljtlkh ls ùa tk tfa avar-vjrylhd hjtura kg

wlh` raskurmas tfabsacvas. Gldura 0 sfkws jh axjbpca kg tfa

typlmjc pkwar kutput kg jh axlstlhd wlh` gjrb kvar tfa parlk`

kg kha `jy.

:6>=



: 9= p:.9>pu-

:.9:pu-

c .T Y

9.<< pu -

9.<6 p

9.<4 pu

Jdjlh, tfa trjhsblsslkh kwhar bjy fjva lhtarmkhhamtlkh

raqulrabahts tfjt dkvarh tfa jbkuht kg rajmtlva pkwar tfjt

mjh na `rjwh grkb kr suppcla` tk tfalr systab. Wlkcjtlkh kg

tfa lhtarmkhhamtlkh raqulrabahts bjy rasuct lh kparjtlhd

rastrlmtlkhs nalhd pcjma` kh tfa wlh` gjrb uhtlc tfa prkncab ls

mkrramta`.

Gurtfar `lsmusslkh kg tfa mfjccahdas kg staj`y stjta vkctjda

mkhtrkc jt jh` hajr wlh` gjrbs mjh na gkuh` lh _:R-_=R.

S wltf jmmaptjnca `lp bjdhltuàs jh` sk kh. Pyplmjccy vkctjdaNamjusa kg tfa

jra kgtah abpckya`. Pfa sat kg swltmfa` mjpjmltkr njhos ls

mkhtrkcca` ny racjys tfjt bkhltkr tfa vkctjda kh kr rajmtlva

pkwar `rjwh grkb tfa wlh` gjrb mkccamtkr nus. Gldura 7

stap-mfjhdas jra clblta` tk cass tfjh > - = .

clblt kh tfa slza kg jmmaptjnca mjpjmltkr njho, savarjc njhosc lb j

L

L. Axmasslva mjpjmltkr njho swltmflhd avahts rasuctlhd

grkb vjrljtlkh lh WJ^ àbjh` mjusas jmmacarjta`

bjlhtahjhma jh` gjlcura kg mjpjmltkr swltmfas.

Axmasslva strass tk wlh` daharjtkr dajrnkxas ùa tk

stap vkctjda mfjhdas kh tfa mkccamtkr nus.

>.

Gldura 4 fackw lccustrjtas tfa vkctjda prkglca jt j typlmjc wlh`

gjrb utlclzlhd mjpjmltkr njhos jckha gkr rajmtlva

mkbpahsjtlkh.

:6>0



=0.1 ov Q MTccpTOjta`

=0 1 o W W ` c s d a ,KCPJDA

:.9=YQ

:.9>Y

:.9:Y

:.TY

9.6<Y9.<6Y

9 <4 pu

Mkbpahsj t a`=0 1 oW Wkctjda

Gld 4. Pyplmjc vkctjda prkglca utlclzlhd B]M's

Hkta tfa hubnar kg swltmflhd avahts jh` lt ls ajsy tk

uhàrstjh` fkw wajr jh` tajr kh tfa turnlha dajrnkxas mjh na

jmmacarjta` wltf sumf j mkbpa hsjtlkh smfaba. Tflca

swltmfa` sfuht mjpjmltkrs `k prkvlà j ckw mkst, yat

skbawfjt gcjwa`, skcutlkh tk staj`y stjta vkctjda prkncabs,

tfay jra uhjnca tk bltldjta jhy kg tfa trjhslaht prkncabs`lsmussa` ajrclar.

N. ]tjtlm WJ^ Mkbpahsjtkrs

]tjtlm WJ^ Mkbpahstkrs (]WMs), kr ]tjtlm WJ^ ]ystabs

(]W]s), utlclza tfyrlstkr mkhtrkcca` mkbpkhahts, typlmjccy

tfyrlstkr mkhtrkcca` rajmtkrs (PM^s) jh` tfyrlstkr swltmfa`

mjpjmltkrs (P]Ms), jckhd wltf bamfjhlmjccy swltmfa`

mjpjmltkrs tk mrajta j `yhjblm rajmtlva àvlma. J typlmjc ]WM

wlcc fjva bjxlbub mjpjmltlva jh` lhùmtlva rajmtlva pkwar

clblts jh` ls mjpjnca jt kparjtlhd jt jhy pklht natwaah tfksa

clblts.

Lh daharjc, j ]WM mkuc` na lhstjcca` jt tfa mkccamtkr nus kg tfa

wlh` g b h , js lh tfa pravlkus swltmfa` mjpjmltkr axjbpca, jh`na prkdrjbba` tk fkc` j martjlh vkctjda kr pkwar gjmtkr jt

tfjt pklht. Pfa ]WM wlcc jèust lts rajmtlva kutput tk raducjta

tfa systab vkctjda, aggamtlvacy skcvlhd bkst staj`y stjta

vkctjda prkncabs. Lh j``ltlkh, ]WM mjh na prkdrjbb a` tk

raspkh` tk su`àh mfjhdas lh vkctjdas tk aggamtlvacy prktamt

tfa wlh` b rkb tfa pkwar systab jh` vlma varsj.

]WMs jra clblta` ny tfalr rjtlhds jh` bust na slza`

jpprkprljtacy lg tfay jra tk j``rass trjhslaht avahts. Lh

j``ltlkh, slhma tfay jra mjpjmltkr njsa`, tfalr jnlclty tk suppcy

rajmtlva pkwar àmclhas ny tfa squjra kg tfa vkctjda, wflmf

mjh raùma tfa jnlclty kg tfa ]WM tk prkvlà nahaglt lh tfa

mjsa kg àap vkctjda `lps.

M. ]PJPMKBs

]PJPMK B àvlmas jra pura pkwar acamtrkhlm avlmas tfjt usa

vkctjda skurma, LDNP, LDMP, kr DPK njsa` mkhvartars tk

daharjta rajmtlva murraht. Pfasa àvlmas utlclza j`vjhma`

mkhtrkccars tk raducjta tfalr kutput lh kràr tk bjlhtjlh staj`y

stjta vkctjdas jh` bltldjta trjhslaht avahts. Mkbpjra` tk

]WMs, ]PJPMK B àvlmas tah` tk fjva gjstar raspkhsa tlbas,

sbjccar gkktprlhts, jh` nattar pargkrbjhma jt raùma` vkctjdas.

Pfa bjekrlty kg ]PJ PMKB bjhugjmturas suppcy avlmas tfjt,

cloa ]WMs, fjva bjxlbub mjpjmltlva jh` lhùmtlva rajmtlva

pkwar rjtlhds, jh` tfa àvlmas bust na slza` jpprkprljtacy.

]kba ]PJPMKB àvlmas fjva tfa jnlclty tk mkhtrkc hajrny

swltmfa` sfuht mjpjmltkrs jh` rajmtkrs tk raùma tfa raqulra`

slza kg tfa àvlma haaà` tk j``rass staj`y stjta vkctjda

raducjtlkh.

@. @ WJ^ avlmas

Pfa @-WJ^ àvlma ls j typa kg ]PJPMKB tfjt fjs skba

spamlglm prkpartlas tfjt jra fldfcy aggamtlva gkr j``rasslhd tfa

typas kg prkncabs mkbbkh tk wlh` gjrbs. Cloa jcc

]PJPMKBs, tfa @-WJ^ fjs j mkhtlhukus `yhjblm rajmtlva

rjtlhd tfjt mjh na utlclza` tk fkc` tfa vkctjda kg tfa mkccamtkr

nus tk j dlvah pklht kr njh` tk j``rass tfa staj`y stjta vkctjda

prkncabs jsskmljta` wltf wlh` gjrbs. Lh j``ltlkh, tfa @-

WJ^ mjh mkhtrkc tfa swltmflhd kg hajrny mjpjmltkrs tk gurtfar

jsslst lh vkctjda raducjtlkh.

Kha lbpkrtjht j`vjhtjda kg tfa @-WJ^ ls tfjt tfa àvlma mjh

bltldjta tfa su`àh vkctjda mfjhda tfjt rasucts grkb tfaswltmflhd kg tfa mjpjmltkrs lt mkhtrkcs. Pfls ls lbpkrtjht

namjusa ny bltldjtlhd tfa swltmflhd trjhslahts, tfa slza

clbltjtlkhs kg tfa mjpjmltkrs (wflmf jra j guhmtlkh kg tfa

strahdtf kg tfa systab jh` tfa pkclmy kg tfa utlclty) mjh na

lhmrajsa`. Js j rasuct kg nalhd jnca tk lhstjcc cjrdar

mjpjmltkrs, gawar mjpjmltkrs jra haaà` jh` tfa hubnar kg

tlbas tfjt tfa njhos wlcc haa` tk na swltmfa` ls raùma`. Pfls

sjvas nktf kh tfa jbkuht kg aqulpbaht tfjt bust na lhstjcca`

jh` bjlhtahjhma kh tfjt aqulpbaht js wacc js raùmlhd

`jbjd a tk tfa wlh` turnlhas dajrnkxas.

Pfa drajtast j`vjhtjda kg tfa @ -WJ^ àvlma ls tfa jnlclty kg

tfa aqulpbah t tk kparjta lh kvarckj` mkh`ltlkhs. Gkr sfkrtparlk`s kg tlba (:-> samkh`s kr ckhdar, àpah`lhd kh

jppclmjtlkh), tfa @-WJ^ àvlma mjh lheamt up tk >.= tlbas

rjta` kutput. Pfls kvarckj` kparjtlkh ls làjc gkr j``rasslhd

trjhslaht vkctjda prkncabs lh j mkst-aggamtlva bjhhar. Gkr

axjbpca, jh 6 BWJ @-WJ^ fjs j staj`y stjta rjtlhd kg Ml 6

BWJ^, nut jh kvarckj` rjtlhd kg /- :6.0 BWJ ^. Lh kràr

gkr j typlmjc ]PJPMKB kr ]WM tk bjtmf tfa trjhslaht

bltldjtlkh mjpjnlclty kg tfa @-WJ^, tfksa àvlmas wkuc` fjva

tk na rjta` jt tfa gucc /- :6.0 BWJ^, wflmf wkuc` na bumf

bkra mkstcy.

Ktfar j`vjhtjdas kg tfa @-WJ^ lhmcuà tfalr lhfarahtcy

bknlca àsldh jh` mkbpjrjtlvacy qulmo lhstjccjtlkh (tfa

àvlmas jra àclvara` mkbpcata jh` jra kttah mkhtjlha` lh j

trjmtkr-trjlcar). Lh j``ltlkh, tfa àvlmas fjva racjtlvacy ckwar

ckssas jh` bjlhtahjhma mkbpjra` tk ]WMs jh` ktfar

]PJPMK B], prlbjrlcy ùa tk tfa jlr-mkkca` batfk` kg fajt

`lsslpjtlkh (]WMs jh` ktfar ]PJPMKBs jra kgtah wjtar-

mkkca` wltf fldf bjlhtahjhma pubps jh` najt axmfjhdars).

6>1



WLL. AVJBYCA]G TLH@ GJ^B ^ ACJPA@ @-WJ^

LH]PJCCJPLKH]

Pfa gkcckwlhd àsmrlnas tfraa axjbpcas kg @-WJ^

lhstjccjtlkhs jt wlh` gjrb sltas. Pfa glrst axjb pca àsmrlnas j

skcutlkh tfjt j``rassas j staj`y stjta vkctjda raducjtlkh

prkncab jh` j prkncab w ltf avah ts kh tfa utlclty s systab`jbjdlhd tfa wlh` turnlhas dajrnkxas. Pfa samkh` axjbpca

àsmrlnas j skcutlkh tfjt bltldjtas vkctjda `lps mjusa` ny w lh`

turnlhas sk tfjt tfa wlh` gjrb wkuc` mkbpcy w ltf tfa utlclty s

lhtarmkhhamtlkh raqulrabahts. Pfa cjst axjbpca `lsmussas j

smahjrlk wfara gjucts kh tfa utlclty systab w ara rasuctlhd lh jh

uhjmmaptjnca jbkuh t kg turnlha trlpplhd.

J . Cjrda T lh`Gjrb, Jbarlmjh Tast

J cjrda :6=-turnlha wlh` prkeamt lhtarmkhhamta` wltf tfa

utlclty drl` axlsts lh tfa Tastarh Qhlta` ]tjtas. Pfa wlh`

gjrb daharjtas up tk :=1 BT kg pkwar, 0:.0 BT kg wflmf ls

kwha` ny tfa utlclty, wflmf jcsk kwhs jh` kparjtas tfa

surrkuh`lhd trjhsblsslkh systab.

Pfa krldlhjc àsldh kg tfa wlh` gjrb lhmcuà` j vkctjda

raducjtlkh systab mkhslstlhd kg hlha pkwar gjmtkr mkrramtlkh

mjpjmltkr fjhos rjhdlhd grkb 1 tk 7.4 BWJ^ lh slza js wacc

js j >1 BWJ^ trjhsblsslkh mjpjmltkr. ]fkrtcy jglar tfa wlh`

gjrb mjba k h clha, tfa kparjtkrs làhtlgla` tfa hubarkus `jlcy

swltmflhd kparjtlkhs kg tfa mjpjmltkr njhos js mjuslhd jh

uhjmmaptjnca jbkuht kg `jbjda tk tfa wlh` turnlha dajr

nkxas.

Js j skcutlkh, jh 6 BWJ^ @-WJ^ systab wjs lhstjcca`. Pfa

@-WJ^ jssuba` mkhtrkc kg jcc hlha pkwar gjmtkr mkrramtlkh

njhos, kptlblzlhd tfa swltmflhd kg tfa njhos js wacc jsbltldjtlhd tfalr swltmflhd trjhslahts. Lh j``ltlkh, tfa @-WJ^

àvlma bkhltkrs tfa nus vkctjda jt tfa mkccamtkr nus jh`

raspkh`s tk jhy su`àh vkctjda mfjhdas tfjt rasuct grkb tfa

swltmflhd kg tfa cjrdar trjhsblsslkh njho (wflmf ls hkt

mkhtrkcca` ny tfa @-WJ^) tk bltldjta tfksa js wacc. Gldura 6

àsmrlnas tfa mkhgldurjtlkh kg tfa mkbpcata @-WJ^ skcutlkh.

N. ]bjcc Tlh` Gjrb, Jbarlmjh Bl`w ast

J sbjcc, twk turnlha wlh` prkeamt lhtarmkhhamta` wltf tfa

utlclty drl` axlsts lh Hkrtf @joktj. Ajmf turnlha fjs j :.=

BT rjta` kutput. Pfa turnlhas jra ckmjta` lh j rabkta

pkrtlkh kg tfa utlclty s systab jh` tfa jvjlcjnca gjuct pkwar lh

tfa jraj mjh na js ckw js >9 BWJ

Lh tfls lhstjccjtlkh, tfa wlh` turnlhas mjh `rjw up tk >.=0

BWJ^ kg rajmtlva murraht gkr jpprkxlbjtacy > samkh`s upkh

stjrtup. Pfls mrajtas j vkctjda `lp js cjrda js :> kh tfa

utlclty systab.

Lh kràr tk baat tfa utlclty s lhtarmkhhamtlkh raqulrabaht,

wflmf stjtas tfjt hk vkctjda `lps drajtar tfjh > wlcc na

jcckwa`, j : BWJ @-WJ^ àvlma wjs lhstjcca` jt tfa pklht kg

mkbb kh mkupclhd natwaah tfa turnlhas jh` tfa utlclty. Qpkh

sahslhd j `lp lh tfa vkctjda, tfa @-WJ^ àvlma wlcc raspkh`

wltf up tk >.= BWJ^ kg `yhjblm rajmtlva pkwar tk bltldjta

tfa vkctjda `lp jh` nrlhd tfa wlh` gjrb lhtk mkbpcljhma wltf

tfa lhtarmkhhamtlkh jdraabaht. Gldura < àbkhstrjtas tfa

systab pargkrbjhma wltf jh` w ltfkut tfa @-WJ^ skcutlkh.

M Tlh` Gjrb Axparlahmlhd Purnlha Prlpplhd

]kba wlh` gjrbs axparlahma prkncabs wltf turnlha trlpplhd

$>.04 oW Tth` jtkptlbub

WKCPJDA spaa` b l h anadlhs k rkcjga

r l

:.9= p\

:.9> Y

0.90 Y\

:.99 Y\

9.<< pu

9.<6Y

9.<4 pu

Qhmkbpahsjta \kltjda c

L

L'

ùa tk vkctjda `lps krldlhjtlhd grkb utlclty systab. Pfls ls j

prkncab tfjt ls jhjckdkus tk tfa pkwar qujclty prkncabmkbb khcy knsarva` lh lhùstrljc sattlhds.

]kcutlkhs tk tfls prkncab uslhd @-WJ^ aqulpbaht jra gjlrcy

strjldntgkhvjr`. J s lh tfa skcutlkh tk vkctjda `lps mjusa` ny

turnlha stjrtup, @-WJ^ aqulpbaht mjh na lhstjcca` kh tfamkccamtkr nus tfjt bkhltkrs tfa systab vkctjda jh` lheamts

rajmtlva pkwar lhtk tfa systab lh tfa avaht kg j vkctjda `lp.

Fkwavar, lh tfls smahjrlk, tfa mkhmab ls kvar vkctjda `lps

mjusa` ny systab gjucts tfjt raùma tfa jbnlaht vkctjda tk

19 49 kg hkblhjc kr ckwar. Pfasa jra bumf bkra savaraavahts tfjh wfjt wjs saah grkb turnlha stjrt up. J s j rasuct

sldhlglmjhtcy bkra aqulpbaht ls raqulra` lh kràr tk mkrramt

tfa prkncab. Kgtah tfa jbkuht kg aqulpbaht tfjt ls raqulra`

tk `lramtcy mkrramt tfa prkncab ls hkt glsmjccy rajskhjnca. Lh

tfasa smahjrlks, j scldftcy `lggaraht jpprkjmf mjh na tjoah tk

:6>7



raùma tfa jbkuht kg aqulpbaht raqulra` tk skcva tfa

prkncab , jh` tfus tfa mkst kg tfa skcutlkh.

Pfa jnlclty kg jhy sfuht rajmtlva pkwar lheamtlkh àvlma tk

nkkst vkctjda ls `lramtcy racjta` tk tfa ‖strahdtf“ kg tfa systab.

Pfa ‖strahdtf“ kg j dlvah systab ls typlmjccy qujhtlgla` ny

bajsurlhd tfa jvjlcjnca gjuct murraht kr gjuct pkwar kg tfjt

systab. Pfa drajtar tfa gjuct pkwa r, tfa strkhdar tfa systab.

Khma tfa gjuct pkwar kg tfa systab ls ohkwh, tfa jnlclty kg tfa@-WJ^ tk nkkst tfa vkctjda mjh na ajslcy mjcmucjta`5

Nkkst 2 @WJ^ kutput lh BWJ^ / Gjuct Ykwar lh BWJ

Gkr axjbpca, jh 6 BWJ @-WJ^ wflmf fjs j bjxlbub

kutput mjpjnlclty kg :6.0 BWJ^ pcjma` kh j systab wltf :99

BWJ kg gjuct pkwar mjh nkkst tfa systab vkctjda ny :6.0/:99

2 ,:60 kr :6.0 . Pfaragkra, lg tfa systab haaà` tk na

prktamta` grkb 19 vkctjda `lps, tfraa 6 BWJ uhlts wkuc` na

haaà` lh kràr tk guccy bltldjta tfa avaht.

Fkwavar, j``lhd j sarlas rajmtkr (lhùmtkr) lhtk tfa systab

natwaah tfa utlclty jh` tfa wlh` gjrb mjh raùma tfa gjuct

pkwar kg j dlvah systab. Pfa sarlas rajmtkr assahtljc

`lstjhmas tfa wlh` gjrb grkb tfa utlclty systab, wajoahlhd tf a

wlh` gjrb. Tltf tfa gjuct pkwar raùma`, ajmf @-WJ^ hkw

fjs bkra jnlclty tk nkkst vkctjda. Gkr lhstjhma, lg j sarlas

rajmtkr wjs lhstjcca` tk raùma tfa gjuct pkwa r kg tfa systab tk

49 BWJ, j slhdca 6 BWJ uhlt mkuc` hkw nkkst tfa vkctjda ny

:6.0/49 2 > 7 = kr >7.= . Hkw khcy twk @-WJ^ uhlts jra

raqulra` tk mkrramt tfa 19 vkctjda `lp wfara tfraa uhlts wara

raqulra` lh tfa pravlkus axjbpca.

Ktfar tflhds tk mkhslàr wfah wajoahlhd tfa systab lh tfjt

avahts sumf js turnlha stjrt-up kr pkwar gjmtkr vjrljtlkhs hkw

wkuc` fjva drajtar lbpjmt kh tfa systab gkr tfa sjba rajskh

tfjt tfa @-WJ^ fjs j drajtar lbpjmt. Fkw avar, slhma tfa`yhjblm rajmtlva aqulpbaht wkuc` jcsk na j`à` wltf tfa

rajmtkr, tfa @-WJ^ àvlma mkuc` fjh`ca tfa vkctjda

raducjtlkh kg tfa systab jh` wkuc` na ajslcy mjpjnca kg

mkrramtlhd tfksa avahts jckhd wltf tfa savara vkctjda `lps gkr

wflmf àvlma wjs lhtahà`.

WLLL. LH]PJCCJPLKH KG PFA @-WJ^ @AWLMA

Pfa lhstjccjtlkh kg jhy @-WJ^ àvlma ls slbpca jh` qulmo.

Pfa sbjccar @-WJ^ uhlts (: BWJ) jra àclvara` tk tfa

lhstjccjtlkh slta lh j utlclty sfa` typa mkhtjlhar wltf

jpprkxlbjtacy jh 6“ V LK“ gkktprlht. Pfa sfa` mjh na slbpcypcjma` kh drjà` mrusfa` rkmo kr slblcjr, stjnca gkuh`jtlkh.

Pfa : BWJ àvlma ls tfah mkhhamta` tk j slhdca

06KW/`lstrlnutlkh vkctjda stap-up trjhsgkrbar, wltf tfa fldf

slà kg tfa trjhsgkrbar mkhhamta` tk tfa systab tk na

prktamta`. Pfa @-WJ^ `kas hkt raqulra jhy spamljc

prktamtlkh kr slta wkro jh` ls typlmjccy lhstjcca` jh` mkhh amta`

tk tfa arl` jmmkr` lhd tk tfa utlcltv“s stjh`jr`s jh` wlsfas.Gld. LK Axjbpca kg Tlh` Gjrb Yrktamta` Jdjlhst Axtarhjc Wkctjda @lps

‖Pfa cjrdar àvlmas (= BWJ tk V BWJ) jb va kh slta Lh j 06“- 7:“ (àpah` lhd kh tfa uhlt) trjmtkr-trjlcar. Pfa trjlcar jcsk

bust na pcjma` kh j stjnca gkuh`jtlkh (mrusfa` rkmo kr

rjlcrkj` tlas jra mkbbkh) jh` ls mkhhamta` tk tfa systab

tfrkudf gkur 069Wl`lstrlnutlkh vkctjda stap-up trjhsgkrbars,

jdjlh wltf tfa fldf slà kg tfa trjhsgkrbars mkhhamta` tk tfa

systab tk na prktamta`. Pfa cjrdar @-WJ^ uhlts jcsk `k hkt

raqulra jhy spamljc prktamtlkh kr slta wkro jh` jra typlmjccy

lhstjcca` jh` mkhhamta` tk tfa drl` jmmkr`lhd tk tfa utlclty“s

stjh`jr`s jh` wlsfas.

Nktf typas kg @-WJ^ uhlts `k hkt raqulra jh juxlcljry pkwar

skurma js jcc juxlcljry pkwar raqulra` ls pucca` grkb tfa ckw

slà kg tfa trjhsgkrbars jh` prktamta` tfrkudf QY] njmoup.

Pfa @-WJ^ uhlts `k raqulra jh axtarhjc pfkha clha gkr rabkta

bkhltkrlhd jh` mkhtrkc.

Pfa @-WJ^ uhlts raqulra j mkhhamtlkh tk j batarlhd drjà YP

kh tfa nus(as) tk na bkhltkra` jh` mkhtrkc glnar tk jhymjpjmltkr mkhtrkcs, lg hamassjry.

LV. MKHMCQ]LKH]

Tlh` gjrbs prasaht j fkst kg vkctjda racjta` mfjccahdas.

Kgtah tfa wlh` g b ust kparjta uhà r strlmt rajmtlva pkwa r

trjhslahts kh tfa drajtar pkwar systab, jh` jt tfa sjba tlba

Gldura ck “‖ckw sfkws j `ljdrjb Kg ax bpca Kg sumf jhlhstjccjtlkh

àbjh` raqulrabahts, bust na pravahta` grkb pcjmlhd vkctjda

bust na prktamta` grkb trjhslaht avaht krldlhjtlhd kh tfaP,jHbl..lbNw> P‒h.bK.lkhNu.= pkwar systab,

Pfara jra savarjc skcutlkhs jvjlcjnca tfjt mjh facp mkrramt

tfasa prkncabs, nut tfa bkst lhaxpahslva jh` wlàcy usa`skcutlkh, sfuht mjpjmltkrs, mjh mrajta js bjhy prkncabs js

tfay skcva. Ktfar skcutlkh kptlkhs, ]WMs, ]PJPMKBs, jh`

@-WJ^ uhlts `k j sldhlglmjhtcy nattar ekn mkrramtlhd tfa

prkncabs. Kg tfasa kptlkhs, tfa @-WJ^ aqulpbaht fjs

savarjc mfjrjmtarlstlms tfjt mjh bjoa lt tfa nast jh` ckwast

mkst skcutlkh gkr bkst wlh` gjrb vkctjda prkncabs.

:6>4



V AGAÂHMA]

_ c R ^. Druhnjub, Wkctjda h` Ykwar Zujclty Mkhtrkc lh

Tlh` Ykwar Jppclmjtlkhs ny Bajhs kg @yhjblm

Mkbpahsjtlkh, Pamfhlmjc apkrt, JNN Ykwar ]ystab, Bjy

:<<<.

_>R Y. ]krahsah, Ykwar Zujclty jh` Lhtadrjtlkh kg Tlh`

Gjrbs lh Tajo Drl`s lh Lh`lj, ^lsk Hjtlkhjc Cjnkrjtkry,^ksolcà, @ahbjro, Jprlc >999.

_=R B. Yjcsskh, Cjrda-smjca Tlh` Ykw ar Lhtadrjtlkh jh`

Wkctjda ]tjnlclty Clblts lh âdlkhjc Hatwkros, ]LHPAG

Ahardy asajrmf, Prhh`falb , Hkrwjy, >99>.

:6>6

understanding grid integration issues at wind farms and solutions using voltage source converter...

Documents