understanding information systems. information system (is) an is is a combination of people,...
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Understanding Information
Systems
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Information System (IS)
An IS is a combination of people, hardware, software, computer networks, and data that organizations use to manage daily and long-term operations.
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Computer-basedInformation Systems
Improved Speed
Quality Measurability
Computer-based information systems offer four key advantages over traditional (pre-computer) information systems:
Efficiency
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Information SystemsClassified by Function
Distribution Management
Office Information
Management Information
Decision Support
Executive Support
Factory Automation
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Information Systems
Office Information Systems (OIS)
Electronic Data Processing (EDP)
Management Information Systems (MIS)
Decision Support Systems (DSS)
Online Analytical Processing (OLAP)
Executive Support Systems (ESS)
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Factory Automation Systems
Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM)
Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM)
Statistical Quality Control (SQC)
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Information SystemsConsiderations
Upgrading or switching to a computer-based information system affects:
Technical Staff
Information Technology Costs
Profit Margins
Product Quality
Clerical Staff
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Upgrading or Switching to aComputer-Based Information System
Companies should realize that there will be disruptions.
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Research
Once the impact of a new system has been
studied and a decision to proceed has been made, a new system
must be purchased “off the shelf,” or developed and brought into service.
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Subcontracting
Means hiring a third party to handle a project.
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Systems House
Sometimes known as a systems integrator, a systems house is a company that specializes in installing and supporting information systems.
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Factors in Choosing ANew Information System
User Interface Design
Open vs. Closed System
Niche Information System
Turnkey Solutions
System Support
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Developing a NewInformation System
Because of their large size, information systems require the creation of a project team.
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Project Manager
Manager also functions as a systems analyst, responsible for completing the systems analysis and making design recommendations.
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Automate
CASE Tools
Software packages that
automate the design and
development of a project.
•Project Analysis •Graphic Specifications•Program Code•Testing & Debugging •Maintenance•Reports •Flowcharts•Graphs •Models
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Gantt Charts
Gantt charts are bar charts showing the stages of a project and the order in which they must be completed.
Gantt charts are bar charts showing the stages of a project and the order in which they must be completed.
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System Development LifeDevelopment
PLANDESIGN
IMPLEMENTSUPPORT
RETURN to STAGE 1
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Development Plan
The process is circular, meaning that once the last stage is reached the planners return to the beginning and repeat the process.
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Feasibility Study
A feasibility study is conducted, investigating how difficult the project might be to complete and how much it might cost.
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Request for Proposal (RFP)
If management decides to hire a systems house, a request for proposal (RFP) will be sent to one or more possible suppliers.
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Functional Specification
In most cases, the project team creates a functional specification, describing what the system must be able to do.
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Design Specifications
Detail the hardware and software necessary to execute the functions.
Operating System Data Model
Authorized Users
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A Prototype
Is a miniprogram that demonstrates the user
interface and functionality of the system.
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Development
Coding, debugging programs and compiling programs.
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Beta Testing
The system is rigorously tested before it is completely trusted to function as designed.
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User Training
Normally takes place at the same time as
beta testing.
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Emergency Patch
During debugging, testing, user
training, and implementation, the development team might be called
on to create an emergency patch, or correction, to the system.
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Approval
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Support Stage
A system goes into the support stage after it has been accepted and approved.
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A Support Contract
A support contract normally allows users to contact the systems house for technical support, training, and sometimes
on-site troubleshooting.
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Return to Stage One
System development is a process of continuous improvement.
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On the Horizon
Business IntelligenceSift through information warehouses to find the gold within. However, companies need help in making sense of the data, and this is a focus for information systems software vendors.
The Future Holds…SimplicityIncreasingly, customers demand simple, reliable interfaces for information systems as well as retail software.
Enterprise Integration SoftwareThese products link a multitude of different programs so that information can be shared and sent back and forth more easily. A similar approach gaining popularity is outsourcing data storage and purchasing applications and Web site servicing.