Final ReportBy the PEP Consultants (Abduvaliev A.K., Prudskikh.D. and Mamadov D.)

Outlining the work on the 19 DDPs in 2015.

In accordance with the terms of reference the consultants developed methodology on how the work should be organized to integrate the PEP issues in the 19 DDPs located in Khatlon (10 districts), the Sugd (3 districts) provinces and 6 districts of Republican Subordination (RRS). All the work was divided into three stages:

1. Undertaking the review of the current situation, including an assessment of development vision and key environmental issues in each district, in order to determine the starting points for the promotion of PEP aspects. Develop a set of social, environmental objectives and objectives associated with the development of each target district. Identifying gaps at the district level in the potential promotion of PEP issues. Improvement of the training modules for the working groups on the district development planning that aimed to integrate PEP issues in the DDP. Development of the project "Guidelines for taking into consideration PEP issues when developing DDP."

2. Rendering support in establishment of the environmental sub-groups as part of the working groups on district development planning. Implementation of capacity building activities of the working groups for district development planning on the issues of gradual integration of PEP issues in the DDP (conducting trainings). Provision of technical and methodological support to the targeted district working groups and environmental sub-groups in the drafting of DDP sectoral sections in view of integrating the PEP issues in them.

3. Screening Environmental Protection section in the district DPs and sections of the DDP for including the PEP principles taking into consideration district characteristics. The basis of the screening is the developed sections of sub-working groups "Environment Protection" to the DDP. The inclusion of PEP indicators in the monitoring and evaluation framework of each DDP. Provision of support for the selection of projects, taking into account issues of environmental assessment, compliance with environmental legislation of RT and following the PEP priorities that were identified during the review of DDP implementation.

1. Overview of the current situation, including an assessment of development vision

and key environmental issues in each district, in order to determine the starting points for the promotion of the PEP aspects when developing DDP.

Analysis of materials that were collected by the consultants from various sources showed that all 19 districts can be divided both in terms of their economic development, and geographical location.By economic development features districts are divided:

Agroindustrial (Istravshan, Aini, Penjikent); Agricultural, with some industrial production (Khatlon region districts and DRS: Faizabad,

Rogun, Varzob); Agricultural (Jirgatal, Tojikobod, Rasht).

Geographically, these districts are divided:

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UNDP-UNEP Poverty Environment InitiativeПРООН-ЮНЕП Инициатива Бедность –

Окружающая Среда

Mountain (Aini, Penjikent, Jirgital, Rasht, Tojikobod, Varzob); Intermountain, plain (districts of Khatlon region).

Strategic planning of a district is not possible without taking into account its economic development in the present period and the peculiarities of its geographical location, climatic conditions and availability of natural resources.

Sugd region (Istravshan, Aini, Penjikent). Industrial development of Istravshan district is the predominance of the construction industry, particularly the production of construction materials. There are about 20 brick plants in the district with their quarries. Their work (in a season) is associated with discharge to the atmosphere of significant amounts of dust and gases (including greenhouse). In order to reduce their emissions and the negative impact, it is necessary to use modern technological devices and low-waste technologies.

Given the characteristics of the districts location, climate, topography and natural wealth, it should be noted that in Penjikent and Aini districts the mining industry got the most dynamic development. Extraction and processing of natural resources is associated with a significant human impact on the environment and human health. Zeravshan Mountains – is a treasure trove of priceless natural resources. In various parts of Penjikent there are large deposits of gold, silver, mercury, antimony, tungsten, fluorite, phosphate rock, coal, marble, in a complex number of natural deposits is 328 units.

Industry in Ayni district takes an important place in its economic development. The share of industry in total district gross domestic product is 39.2%. The volume of industrial production in the last three years has a tendency to growth. The main environmental polluters are the enterprises of mining sector. The operations of these enterprises associated cause the formation of the bulk of industrial waste, which is placed in dumps and tailings, water use and waste water, air emissions of harmful substances, a violation of the land topography.

On the one hand the development of this sector leads to the formation of the new jobs, to improvement of local community living standards, on the other hand can lead to significant negative consequences for the environment and the poverty rate of the population in these districts.

In order to preserve and restore juniper forests on the territory of Aini district, since 1972 a nursery "Soyvota" is operational and it is located on the northern slope of the Zeravshan Range on the territory of 4 million hectares. However, to date there is only a natural recovery of juniper that exists. There is still no any conifers’ nursery - juniper, cade, pine, etc., which would promote reforestation. Today, the pace of reforestation lagging behind its log and degradation. The problem of district electricity provision also contributes to it.

Another protected area is a nature reserve "Iskanderkul", which was organized in 1969 on the territory of 30 thousand hectares. The reserve is located around the lake Iskanderkul. The main objective of the reserve - is the protection, preservation and promotion of the unique flora and fauna of high mountains and midlands of Pamir-Alai plateau, considering the development of ecological tourism.The fauna and flora of the reserve is characterized by its richness, originality and uniqueness. For example, a unique mountain sheep, or as it is called Severeev sheep harbours there.

There are trees that grow on the banks of Iskandarkul and many relict samples of the ice age. But in recent years, there is more impact of the anthropogenic influence. One of the sources of funding is the tourism industry, including ecotourism. The lack of the necessary appropriate infrastructure, sector development strategy contributes to the development of unauthorized "wild" tourism, which causes a negative impact on the environment.

Target districts of Khatlon region, especially districts, due to their geographical location (bordering the Republic of Afghanistan) and the development features, have the same socio -

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economic and environmental problems that directly affect the living standards of the population. With the exception of some features, all the districts have the same goals and objectives to improve living standards and reduce poverty through sustainable and careful use of their natural resources, especially in the agricultural sector. As in other Central Asian countries, agriculture plays a more important role in the economy of Tajikistan than in a more developed market economies. An estimated 24% of GDP, 66% of employment, 26% of exports and 39% of tax revenues make agriculture the main component of the economy of Tajikistan. Agriculture is a source of income for 64% of the population. However, there is a widespread opinion that this development is not sustainable in the long term. A particular feature of these districts is the presence of large areas under cultivation of cotton, which determines the high cost of water resources, and land degradation.

Agricultural districts DRS (Jirgatal, Tojikobod, Rasht) are characterized by almost complete lack of industrial facilities. The basis for the development of these districts is gardening, horticulture and animal husbandry. In the other three districts, there are a small number of industrial facilities that are engaged in processing of agricultural products.

All the project districts, in spite of their differences, have a common problem, one way or another related to the PEP issues and hinder their sustainable development:

- Unsustainable use of natural resources (land, water, forests, pastures, etc.);- Lack of access to clean drinking water;- Lack of uninterrupted power supply;- High vulnerability to natural disasters and climate change

Land degradation is a particular problem for Tajikistan. It is the result of deforestation, desertification, land degradation and erosion of land degradation that adversely impact the ability of farmers to generate income and avoid poverty. While only 7% of the country is suitable for economic land use, agriculture is the main source of income for about two-thirds of Tajikistan's population living in rural areas. The rural population is 70% and the poverty rate mainly covers this part of the population, so it is easy to conclude that the land condition has a direct impact on living standards.

Given the fact that Tajikistan has only 3% of the land occupied by forests, which is below the desired level of 10% (Tajikistan Forestry Department), afforestation is a key to reducing soil erosion. Existing forest areas are reduced each year.

In nearly all districts there is a shortage of irrigation water. This is due to the large losses of water in the supply to the customer (they account for up to 20-25%), use of the old irrigation technologies, deterioration of irrigation systems, etc.

Other key issues of poverty and the environment are the lack of uninterrupted power supply and the use of alternative energy sources, high vulnerability to natural disasters and climate change, as well as water and food insecurity.

Climate change is seen as a growing threat to the environment in Tajikistan. The main threat considered is the increase in temperature, which poses a serious threat to glaciers and water resources. Surface air temperatures are rising in the most districts at high altitudes. Highest temperature rise was noted in Dangara (1.2°C) and Dushanbe (1.0°C) for 65-year observation period. In mountainous districts, temperature rise 1.0-1.2°C was noted in Khovaling, Faizabad and Ishkashim. Also it increased the number of days with maximum temperatures reaching 40 °C, and more. In the high parts of the district in recent years there has been intensive melting of glaciers. The overall decrease in the glacier was more than 30%, and the melting is continuing more intensively. Experts predict that in Tajikistan by mid-21st century the level of ice can fall to 450 cubic. km., and it is now 567cub.km. (RT glaciers. Ministry of Nature Protection 2003).

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Considering that in the summer nourishment of rivers of Tajikistan is 70% dependent on the melting of glaciers, this process threatens the country with the emergence of severe droughts and reduced water availability from 10% to 30%, increasing numbers of droughts, floods and landslides. It is predicted that with temperature increasing, these events will become more frequent and severe and will have a particular impact on the most vulnerable groups - women, children and the rural population. Besides the negative impact on livelihoods and infrastructure, climate change will also have an impact on energy security and ecosystems.

The main environmental problems of the districts. The quality of the environment directly or indirectly affects the economic development and employment of the population. Based on the collected materials, and the environmental, social and economic data from the districts, the analysis and synthesis were made. It can be concluded that, in general terms, the main sectors, which are affected by the environment are: agriculture, energy, forestry, animal husbandry. The successful operation of each of these sectors dependent on natural resources, natural ecosystems, natural resources stocks, biodiversity and natural beauty. When the quality of the environment is deteriorating, there is a direct correlation between environmental damage and a reduction in income. Similarly, the key economic sectors, listed above, can get a lot of benefits if their activities would include poverty and the environment issues; one of the key benefits is the potential employment growth.

The main environmental problems of these districts that directly affect the living standards of the population and are a potential for promotion of PEP, refer to the following areas:

- The state of land resources (agro-ecosystems);- Reducing the forests areas and pasture degradation;- Lack of drinking and irrigation water;- The problem of municipal solid waste (MSW), industrial and hazardous waste;- Depletion in numbers of fauna and flora;- An increase in the anthropogenic impact of industrial enterprises;- Lack of environmental awareness;- High risk of emergency situation (ES) and climate change.Under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors the ecosystem area, for the

past 20 years, has changed much. Currently, many natural ecosystems are under anthropogenic influence, and some of them are threatened with degradation. Land degradation is particularly noticeable in the pilot districts of Khatlon region. The deterioration of land reclamation is due to the rise in the groundwater level, which leads to increased mineralization of water and salinization. The main cause of rising groundwater levels are:

- Unsatisfactory operation of efflux pumps reclamation of wells;- Not carrying the full cleaning of drainage networks, especially the intrafarm;- Significant deterioration of irrigation systems and high water loss, irrational irrigation

technology.Due to the land reclamation the area of lowland and middle natural ecosystems has

reduced. In recent years, the area of agro-ecosystems, which are located in all natural high-altitude zones, has expanded through the reclamation of new land and permanent pastures. Together with the grazing land now up to 33% of the country was transformed into man-made ecosystems.

The second reason for the deterioration of the land can be a decrease in the area of the zone of the machine (pump) irrigation, which currently makes up to 40 percent of the irrigated land of Tajikistan. Reduction of the area of such land is caused by the failure of the pumping stations and the lack of funds for their rehabilitation, the increase in electricity prices, which can make such irrigation unprofitable.

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Agro landscapes located in higher areas are exposed to other threats - land degradation and soil erosion, which is linked to an infringement of technology of land processing with steep slopes and irrigation. Mid and high altitude territories, is mainly the area of summer pastures, eroded because of the felling of forest plantations, which are already scarce, as also due to the irregular grazing.

Pastures still do not have a clear status of their use, and this may lead to a breach of "extreme possibilities" in bio-productivity of pastures, to irreversible degradation and loss.

To improve the condition of pastures it is necessary to:- Regulate grazing land management,- To prevent overgrazing, observe the rules of grazing pastures, set turnover and prevent

their degradation,- Put efforts to improve communication and infrastructure of livestock, for the rational

use of distant grazing lands,- Implement measures to improve the productivity of pastures and hayfields, by irrigation

(grassing) and planting annual and perennial grasses with the preservation of natural grass.Lack of drinking and irrigation water. So far, the region's population has limited access to

clean drinking water. The existing water supply system is worn out, water treatment (sludge, chlorination, feed, etc..) does not meet sanitary standards. Irrigation water supply system (irrigation) requires repair and rehabilitation. In this regard, the supply of drinking water to the population ranges from 8.5% to 80%.

The problem of solid waste and hazardous waste (medical, mercury-containing lamps and veterinary waste). In districts communal service are often located only in the district centers. In Jamoats such services are completely absent, resulting in numerous unauthorized landfills, littering the land, the banks of the water constructions and increasing the risk of infectious diseases.

Other sources of hazardous waste formation are district health structures and veterinary service. Health facilities should be provided by a burner for incineration of the hazardous waste, and for the animals died of diseases the Becker pits are needed. Currently, such environmental protection devices are not available in the districts. All this may lead to an increase in diseases amongst population, an increase in their expenses for treatment, reducing the standard of living and increasing poverty.

Along with the solid waste problem in a number of project districts there are industrial waste disposal facilities. There is a polygon for radioactive waste disposal in Faizabad district, Vakhsh district has a repository for toxic chemicals, in Varzob, Aini and Penjikent districts there is are special storage facilities for industrial waste. All of these sites pose a potential threat to the environment and the population in these districts and require systematic environmental monitoring of their condition.

In the districts the processes of degradation of wood - shrub and herbaceous vegetation are enhanced (deforestation, uprooting Eurotia, overgrazing, collection of medicinal plants). Felling of natural trees and shrubs in districts occurs in mountain forests and riparian forests due to the failure to supply the fuels to population. Especially the local population and herders extensively use juniper in their summer pastures. Afforestation of mountain slopes increases erosion, and also has a negative impact on water conservation processes. The risk of landslides and avalanches increases accordingly. Generally, due to the deforestation, many animals lose their ecological niches.

The process of uprooting Eurotia (Ceratoides) has intensified in the highlands of the Rasht Valley. This factor has a strong negative impact on the high mountain ecosystem, since for Eurotia very slow process of renewal is indicative, and the land free of Eurotia bushes is quickly exposed

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to wind and water erosion. These factors cause rapid desertification, deterioration of the high-desert ecosystems and directly have a negative impact on the populations of graminivore mammals. Eurotia community for the wild fauna of these territories is not only important forage value, but also provides shelter from enemies and bad weather for many species of animals and birds.

Reduction in the number of faunal forms is largely due to poaching and uncontrolled hunting. The local population is generally very poor and this situation forces to poaching. Argali and ibex are preferred ungulates for hunting. In relatively large settlements the population is also engaged in hunting, moving into more affordable hunting areas. During the hunting season, some residents are specially engaged in the preparation of wild ungulates’ meat for sale.

Poaching can be divided - local and cross-border. Local poaching is about illegal hunting of wildlife by the local residents, employees of law enforcement agencies, border guards, shooting by hunting firms over the issued limit, etc. Illegal hunting of ungulates is carried out for meat and profit from its sale. Poaching is particularly enhanced in the autumn and winter, when the animals go down into the valleys.

Cross-border poaching is about illegal hunting by the citizens of bordering countries to Tajikistan, and citizens of other foreign countries in the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan, as well as the export of poaching products abroad.

The main reasons for the presence of cross-border poaching is the complicated geographical structure and the inaccessibility of the region, the absence of settlements, the inability to establish full control by the state agencies responsible for environmental protection and their field offices, the lack of control at the state border, due to the absence or lack of the necessary infrastructures, logistics and financing.

In the industrial districts, mining and processing of natural resources is associated with a significant human impact on the environment and human health. Their work results in significant emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere, water resources use, the formation of large amounts of waste, changes in the landscape of territory. To minimize these risks it is necessary to conduct the environmental impact assessment (EIA) of these enterprises on the pre- project design stage. Undertaking environmental expertise is one of the important factors in reducing the negative impact of business on the living standards of the population and the environment.

For existing enterprises, there should be a strict implementation of the EPAP (Environment Protection Action Plan) and environmental monitoring. As part of the environmental legislation of the RT such enterprises are obliged to develop an enterprise ecological passport, which is one of the stages of transition to international environmental standards ISO- 14000.

The population of the project districts relies heavily on fragile land and water resources for their living. Vulnerable river basins are also a major source of hydroelectric power and drinking water. These river basins are at high risk of climate change due to the retreat of glaciers, and the combination of drought and increase in the volume and intensity of flash floods. Among the risk factors – it is the possible reduction of irrigation rates with the deficit of water resources, increased soil salinity, increased duration of unfavorable meteorological factors, the expansion of areas of distribution of plant diseases, weeds and pests, reducing pasture productivity, increased thermal load on animals, crop losses both in irrigated zone as well as for rain-fed farming. With increasing climate aridity trend towards a decrease in surface water resources will prevail. Accordingly, because of the fall, due to the reduction of the amount of water resources, water levels in rivers and irrigation systems, water horizons would lower in their front water intake, diversion chamber and pump stations’ head pomp. This, in turn, will limit the size of control areas, where the gravity irrigation is possible and the growth of energy consumption for the pump irrigation. Furthermore, the river will serve as manifolds and water quality would worsen. Thus,

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climate change may lead to serious consequences, both in ecological as well as economic and social life of these districts.

Assessment of capacity gaps in promoting PEP issues. The main areas of potential both in promoting PEP issues, as well as in addressing these issues on the conservation and sustainable use of DDP natural resources are:

– Houses insulation. The idea is to preserve the heat in their homes by isolating parts of the house (windows, doors, floors, walls, ceilings) by using special technology. The result - saving energy and financial resources, saving up to 60% of heat and comfort in the house.

- Joint forest management (JFM). The key idea is that the forestry alone, physically and financially is unable to restore woodlands, and this can be only achieved through joint efforts with the local communities. Local residents can rent forest land and a contract is made between the tenant and the forestry, about joint forestry management which defines the rights and responsibilities of forestry and forest users in the framework of laws of the Republic of Tajikistan.

- Conservation of wild mountain ungulates. The idea is to preserve, study, and sustainable use of the most valuable, rare and endangered species of wild ungulates, for example the Marco Polo sheep, ibex, urial(red sheep) and markhoor, with the involvement of local communities in the district resources management through the establishment of community hunting establishments. The creation of the hunting firms should aim to attract local population to employment, and solving the employment and poverty reduction problems in the mountainous areas.

Promoting population environmental awareness in the region is of great importance in PEP program implementation. A clear awareness of the population about the direct link between sustainable use of natural resources and their protection would impact their living standard, and the use of ecological knowledge in their activities would enhance the impact from the district development programs that are under development.

High risks of Emergency Situation (ES). Each year in this region numerous natural disasters take place that cause significant damage affecting both the region's economy as well as population. The main reasons that depend on people are:

- Not carrying timely and complete bank protection works;- Improper slopes development;- Non-compliance with the irrigation rules in view of the terrain;- Clearing of existing vegetation.Given the limited land resources and the significant damage caused by the natural

disasters, the issues of agricultural crops protection in the agricultural sector from the floods, mudflows and landslides, through the construction of appropriate protective constructions (such as BPW, mudflow flume, drainage networks) and reinforcement of landslide hazardous slopes are the priorities that require immediate solutions.

2. Integration of PEP in the DDP.In order to provide guidance and practical assistance to the DDP development working

groups, consultants organized the following preparatory activities:- Improvement of training modules for the working groups on district development

planning, taking into account the integration of PEP into the DDP;- Development of the draft "Guidelines for the integration of PEP when developing DDP";

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Advanced training modules for the working groups on the district development planning, would include the following issues:

- Mainstreaming PEP issues into the DDP; - Development of new project proposals in accordance with the principles and objectives of PEP; - Environmental projects’ selection criteria for the DDP;

- Using green economy principles and indicators to achieve the poverty reduction objectives;

- Monitoring of DDP indicators and projects, as well as reporting.All modules are combined into a single training guide and each module has corresponding

presentation and handouts.The basis of the diagram block of "Guide on considering PEP issues when developing DDP"

was an existing manual on integration of PEP issues into the DDP. It was revised to include the experience gained from the DDP implementation, the results of the M&E on the DDP implementation and projects conducted earlier. The guide includes the definitions of the main principles of green economy and its relationship with the issues of PEP, sustainable development, gender and others.

PEP consultants organized business trips to visit all 19 districts with MEDT team. During the visits, meetings were organized with the members of the working groups on DDP development, all necessary materials collected as well as the relevant analysis conducted.

An analysis of the current situation was carried out based on the data obtained from various sources (government, NGOs, international organizations’ reports, data on the key district environmental issues). The analysis is focused on the most common, key environmental issues of this district with the main problems highlighted. The main goals are identified and objectives developed for implementation. Technical support rendered to the targeted working groups and environmental sub-groups on mainstreaming environmental when developing DDP.

Based on the data analysis the following was compiled:- Situation analysis report - Report with a set of social and environmental goals as well as development goals that are identified for each district - Evaluation report on capacity gaps in promoting PEP issuesDuring the DDP development, in all districts, ecology working groups were established

that studied and thoroughly analyzed the situation on the ground, and suggested concrete proposals on the integration of PEP in the District Development Programs sectors. The sectoral groups which consisted of 6-9 people included representatives of various institutions - agriculture sector employees, land management, forestry, statistics, SES, CHS, activists representing Jamoats, Mahalla Committees, women, managers and employees of non-governmental organizations, businessmen. By the latest version of DDP received from the MEDT planning team we can conclude that the PEP issues are successfully integrated into the DDP, they attract the attention of the general public, and the government institutions businessmen, entrepreneurs, and agriculture workers treat the environmental issues positively. The population understands today that careful treatment of natural resources - is the main of economic growth of Mahalla, Jamoat, and district.

According to the approved work plan, consultants jointly with the MEDT team prepared and organized a trip to the DDP targeted districts for conducting the trainings on the integration of PEP issues into the DDP for the representatives of the Environmental Working Group and respective district officials.

During the trip 19 training sessions on two topics were conducted:

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1. Integrating of PEP component into the DDP.2. Monitoring of DDP indicators.The training program included both theoretical as well as individual practical part. The

training was attended by 367 participants, of which 115 women.Training participants represented departments of economic development, environmental

protection, SES, land committee, forestry, communal services, water resources management, the districts agriculture department, health, representatives of Jamoat.

Presentations were made on the importance of inclusion of PEP issues for the sustainable development of countries, especially for Tajikistan. Other issues touched in the presentation, was the information about main stages of the integration of PEP issues into the DDP:

1. General analysis of the districts’ ecological condition. Drawing SWOT- analysis, internal and external development factors of environmental condition in the district.

2. Review and analysis of the districts’ environmental problems, identification of the key environmental issues and the ways for their possible solutions.

3. Diagnosis of the problematic situation. Application of the "problem tree" approach.4. Development of goals. Using the "problem tree" method, in identifying the objectives,

priorities and expected results.Further on the trainers presented the importance and necessity of the integration of PEP

issues into the planning activities at the district and provincial levels based on the example how this initiative is implemented in Sugd, Khatlon and GBAO regions. The importance of involving civil society organizations in collecting the required information on the environmental condition in the district was highlighted. Then SWOT analysis presentations, development of the problem tree and objectives as well as the identification of DDP environmental sector priorities were made.

The main attention was paid to the issue of developing the problem tree and SWOT analysis for the DDP of the district. Work has been done in small groups in which participants themselves pointed out the environmental problems of their districts, and what consequences they may cause. Based on the joint discussions the key environmental problems of the districts were selected, the SWOT- analysis compiled, the internal and external factors of ecological development identified, and key environmental problems tree developed. This material will be used for the preparation of Environmental Protection section in the development plans of these districts and the respective project log frame developed.

Particular attention was paid to the development of projects for the DDP implementation. More than 10 PEP projects were presented, which were developed by the working groups in several districts of Sugd region in 2012. The trainers explained in details how the projects oriented to goals and objectives of DDP should be developed. The trainers provided examples of screened projects and other DDP sectors on the subject of integrating PEP issues and environmental assessment. Particular attention was paid to obtaining the environmental permits for the implementation of various projects, since obtaining permits takes time and requires material expenses, which should be taken into consideration in the projects.

In the final part a presentation was made, in which the common concept of "green economy" and its relationship to sustainable development and the principles of PEP was outlined. It was stressed that the "green economy" considers maintaining sustainable development and using the natural resource base, which is the main condition for achieving the Millennium Development Goals, the Millennium Development Goals, in particular poverty eradication, since the livelihoods of the poor are largely dependent on these natural resource base.

The main thesis was that the concept of "green economy" is designed to ensure a more harmonious co-ordination between these three components - social, natural, and economic,

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which would be acceptable to all groups of countries - developed, developing and countries in transition.

Information about the main directions of green economy development was presented, and then we moved to outlining how we will measure the progress of implementation of the "green" economy elements, including the impact of this process on all aspects of development: economy, environment, social development. For this purpose, there is a system for monitoring and evaluation of the implementation process of the selected indicators.

Together with the participants the characteristic of the district ecological condition was made, a number of main environmental problems were indicated, which directly affect the population living standards, and the necessary measures planned to address them. Participants provided the necessary ideas and work directions, activities for the implementation of the DDP environmental sector. It was agreed with the districts officials that these problems and their solutions have to be included into the DDP environmental section. Together with consultants the environmental assessment would be carried out not only for the environmental section, but also for other DDP components to reflect the PEP principles in them.

At the end of the training, the participants noted the importance of the gained knowledge and skills and the importance of its use and distribution in the practical work. Speaking of environmental indicators, they emphasized their originality for themselves and relevance for use in the future monitoring system. In all the training participants expressed interest in the issues discussed and actively participated in the practical sessions.

Analysis of the evaluation forms completed by participants indicated that the major challenge is the preparation of a SWOT analysis for the district DDP, highlighting external and internal factors, stressing out the cause-effect relationships while indicating the key district problems, which directly affect the population's living standards.

At the end of the training evaluation sheets and visual aids, handouts, prepared for the participants in advance were distributed.

3. Monitoring and evaluation of DDP implementation.Particular attention of PEP consultants was paid to the monitoring and evaluation of the

developed DDPs. During the meetings with the groups on DDP monitoring and evaluation it was discovered that in average 5 to 7 persons, of which 30% -40% are women, are involved in monitoring of DDP implementation process. The head of the Environmental Working Group, - Head of the district Department of Environmental Protection in the district is responsible for the integration of PEP issues in direct coordination with the head of the district economic development department. For the preparation of reports on the implementation of the DDPs the state, private, public and international organizations submit reports to the district economic development department and district of investment attraction department. The district economic development department collects and analyzes data from the reports submitted and provides the necessary data to the district statistics department.

During the meetings the issues of the DDP monitoring indicators were discussed with the aim to remind and to improve the capacity of local experts in monitoring and evaluation for the District Development Programs. During the training, participants were introduced to the basic concepts of monitoring and evaluation, the indicators, the main tasks working groups are facing in the course of monitoring the implementation of development projects in these districts.

Particular attention was given to strengthening the capacity of local experts in environmental monitoring, as well as special attention was paid to the selection of environmental indicators. The clarifications where given, about where, from whom and in what time frame one

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should receive and require the submission of the necessary data (indicators) for undertaking the monitoring of the DDP implementation.

General idea was presented about the monitoring and evaluation of development projects being the main tool for assessing the DDP implementation. Regarding the selection and incorporation of the necessary indicators for the DDP environmental sector, a presentation was made for the participants about the types of indicators and their compliance with the relevant DDP implementation time frame. Participants received the PEP environmental indicators table that was previously coordinated with Tajikistan statistical agencies.

Attention of the local experts was drawn to identification of the sources of information for monitoring and evaluation and for tracking indicators, on the choice of the data collection method, development and database use, distribution of responsibility for data collection. During the development and selection of indicators in cooperation with local experts it was discussed in details the types of indicators, attention was focused on the fact that not always the environmental indicators can be quantitative and actual, and often qualitative, replacing and combined. Part of the time was devoted to the identification of the required human, time and financial resources for monitoring, as well as indication of the frequency and schedule of data collection, transmission channels of monitoring results to decision makers and the designation of distribution methods and the use of monitoring and evaluation results. Using the concrete examples, the indicators and their use for the main district environmental problems were discussed, namely: issues of waste management - especially in Jamoat areas, land degradation, degradation of the drainage systems, and pollution of the environment from sewage, the problem of water pollution, vegetation clearance and low environmental awareness amongst population. Particular attention was paid to the issue of compatibility of the monitoring and evaluation system of the developed DDP with the monitoring and evaluation system of the Living Standards Improvement Strategy of Tajikistan for 2013−2015. The information was provided about the key environmental indicators that are listed in the aforementioned strategy.

4. Development of new project proposals in accordance with the principles and goals of PEP.

Project development is an important step to identify opportunities for environmental conservation, considering alternative strategies and results, and mitigating the negative impacts on the environment. Screening of the impact on the environment will reveal whether to conduct or not the environmental impact assessment procedure for this project.

The main requirements for the DDP project are:- The project should consider the three components: economic sustainability,

environmental protection issues and consideration of social issues. Thus, percentage vise, the priority is given to economic component and makes 60%, 20% and 20% respectively.

- It is necessary to emphasize that economic stability is an essential condition for the projects implementation, but at the same time for the environmental projects - this ratio may reach 20%, 20% and 60%.

- The project implementation must conform to the goals and objectives that were presented in the DDP to address the major problems of the district, including environmental.

- The project must meet the basic principles of PEP; i.e.it must be aimed at improving the environment and reducing poverty.

The project should have a social component, which includes the issues of organization of new jobs and raising living standards, gender and so on, that contribute to poverty reduction.

- The project implementation should be carried out with the financial participation of local authorities and communities (the population).

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- There are two stages of the integration of poverty and environment issues when developing projects:

In order to identify the most important potential environmental problems at the projects selection for funding stage, they are classified according to the degree of environmental impact. As a result, the project is referred to one of three categories depending on the nature, scope and extent of the significance of its impact on the environment:1. Category A – Full EA is required, since the impacts on the environment can be extremely varied, and the impact itself very serious;2. Category B – It is enough to carry out the environmental analysis in a narrow framework, since the types of impact may be of local nature;3. Category C – There is no specific need for an environmental analysis, since the project impact on the environment is unlikely to be significant. When carrying out environmental assessment it is necessary to take into account that while implementing the project there might be a need to obtain the following permit documents:1. A positive conclusion of the state ecological expertise2. Permit on the discharge of harmful substances into the atmosphere3. Permit for special water use (for water intake for own needs from groundwater or surface water by technical means)4. Limit for the formation and placement of industrial and domestic waste5. License for waste management (if the economic activity is associated with the collection, processing and disposal of waste)

The permit documents are issued by environmental authorities, in accordance with the division of their authorities by levels (district, province, center). The period for issuing permits - from one to five years on 2-5 points, and the conclusion of the state examination lasts as long as there will be no significant changes in the technological process, reconstruction, expansion, etc.

5. Using the green economy principles and indicators to achieve the objectives of poverty reduction when developing DDP projects.

In order to track progress and monitor the achievement of medium-term goals and objectives, it is important to define a set of effective indexes (or indicators) that allow to judge if the situation has improved in this area. By using the indicators one can assess whether the goals that were set in accordance to the program are met or not, and whether the conditions for their implementation are created.

In the process of indicators development it is necessary to remember that a well-formulated indicators meet the following criteria (from Eng. SMART), such as:• Specific (from Eng. Specific), i.e. clearly articulated, otherwise ultimately a result can be achieved that is different from the planned;• Measurable (from Eng. Measurable), i.e. that can be practically measured. If the goal is not to be any measurable parameter, it is impossible to determine whether the result is achieved or not;• Achievable and realistic (from Eng. Achievable), i.e. that is possible to achieve;

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Carrying out the procedure of the

state

Screening the impact of

sectoral projects

• result-oriented (from Eng. Result-oriented), i.e. goals should be characterized based on the result, and not the work done; • correlated with a specific period (from Eng. Timed), i.e. feasible in a certain time period.

Indicators can be: binary quantitative and qualitative, indirect, process, final.

Indicators can be divided by groups: economic social ecological or green indicators

One example of the green indicator is an indicator of environmental quality. The quality of water, air, soil, basic definitions are already no longer a secret to anybody that one of the most important factors in determining the quality of life is the quality of the environment. If you put the question more precisely, it is a question first of all of conformity or deviations of the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of the air, water, and soil from some of the values that define the norm.

Green indicators are usually characterized, by a set of quantitative (rarely - qualitative) indicators that reflect the status and dynamics of the individual sectors. Qualitative estimates can be a good addition to the quantitative ones, but they require the use of more sophisticated methods of their definition (e.g. research).

Thus, after setting objectives for each strategic goal, it is necessary to identify several indicators that will assess the achievement of this goal. For each indicator its target value is determined, i.e. the value that must be reached by the end of the program in the case of its successful implementation and achievement of goals.

The working group (WG) is engaged in the development of indicators involving specialized professionals and representatives of the Statistics Agency. Typically, each target gets approved 3-5 indicators. Selection of the indicators for monitoring of the program implementation - is an important process, because from how the indicators are defined depends the objectivity of the assessment and the final conclusions about the effectiveness of reforms to be implemented in accordance with the development program.While selecting indicators, it is necessary to answer the following questions:

• How can we determine that the expected results are achieved?• What kind of information can demonstrate a positive change?• What activities can be actually controlled with the available resources and the limited

opportunities?• Will the information be available in a timely manner for various monitoring activities?• What will be the data collection system and who will bear the responsibility for it?

It is recommended to choose those indicators whose values are determined by state statistics agencies and are annually updated in the district database.

The development program as a minimum indicates (a) initial (baseline) value of each indicator at the start of the program, and (b) the target (planned) value of each indicator of the end of the program.

It is recommended that while developing the annual plans considers the possibility of indicating the intermediate values of indicators at the end of each year. This will more accurately

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track the progress of the program and take timely corrective management decisions in case of rejection of the current values of the indicators from the plan. Indicator values are measured once a year.

Thus indicators - is something that we can rely on in monitoring and evaluation of the project implementation. Specific indicators are defined on the basis of specific projects and the assessment of its impact on the environment.

6. Screening of submitted DDP and its projects.In the final part of their work consultants screened the DPP environmental protection

section and also screened other DPP sections in order to include the PEP principles taking into account the characteristics of the districts. The basis of the screening is the sections on "Environment Protection» to the DDP, developed by the sub-working groups. There can be two options for incorporation of PEP issues into the DDP:

1. Key PEP issues are included in the DDP section on environment protection.2. Some of the PEP issues included in other DDP sections (economy, infrastructure,

agriculture, social sector).At this stage of work, it becomes especially important to have close cooperation with the

experts from the ministry, who worked on developing the DDP.The main difficulty is about the timely introduction of certain amendments to the text of

the DDP, coordination of our positions with the MEDT group and control over the introduction of the agreed changes. It should be noted that earlier MEDT developed a coordinated with PEP, a normative document on the content (structural sections) of the DDP for the district economic departments of Tajikistan. However, this document has not yet passed the approval in the Government and did not receive a legal status, which complicates the work of the groups developing the DDP at the local level.

In three districts (Rasht, Jirgatal and Tojikobod) since the deadline for the old DDP is ending in 2016, the new DDP is not yet completed that does not allow tracking how the MEDT integrated the PEP issues in these programs.

Consultants reviewed all the projects that have been included in the DDP implementation. Of all the sections for the screening the projects were selected that are environmental, i.e. their implementation directly impacts improving the ecological condition of the district, the living standards of its population and its security. It should be noted that the basis for undertaking an environmental assessment and obtaining respective permits is the environmental legislation of the RT.The following laws are relevant:

-About expertise-About Air Protection- Water Code of the Republic of Tajikistan-Forestry Code of the Republic of Tajikistan- On licensing of certain activities of the Republic of Tajikistan- On Production Waste and Consumption. When carrying out environmental assessment one must take into account that the

implementation of the project may need to obtain the following permits:1. Positive conclusion of the state ecological expertise.2. Permit on the discharge of harmful substances into the air.3. Permit for special water use (for water intake for own needs from groundwater or

surface water by technical means).4. Limit on the production and disposal of industrial and domestic waste.

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5. License for waste management (if the economic activity associated with the collection, processing and disposal of waste).

Approvals are issued by the environmental authorities, in accordance with the division of their authorities by levels (district, province, and center). The period for issuing permits - from one to five years to 2-5 points and the conclusion of state expertise lasts as long as there will be no significant changes in the technological process, reconstruction, expansion, etc.

Environmental assessment is divided into three groups according to the degree of environmental impact:

1. Category A – full environmental assessment is required, because the types of impact on the environment can be extremely varied, and the impact is very serious. In this case, a draft "Environmental Impact Assessment" (EIA);

2. Category B – it is enough to carry out the environmental analysis in a narrow framework, as types of impact may be of local nature. In this case, the section "Environmental Protection" (EP) is developed;

3. Category C – there is no specific need for an environmental analysis, as the impact of the project on the environment is unlikely to be significant. In this case, a plan of action is developed for the environmental protection (EP).

It should be noted that the DDP projects on the mining projects, hydropower projects, chemical, biological and other industries always require the examination of the EIA - environmental impact assessment of the proposed project.

Moreover, given the particular nature - climatic conditions of districts of republican subordination (DRS), a well-preserved ecological environment, especially the mentality of its people, it is necessary to conduct public hearings, and (if necessary) conduct public environmental assessment, as foreseen in the laws "On Environmental Impact Assessment "and" On Environmental Protection ".DDP project analysis showed that all projects can be grouped into several groups:

- Construction of small hydropower plants;- Reclamative;-Construction of roads, bridges and etc.;- Irrigation;- Construction of new businesses;- Development of land, gardens, establishing farms.For each group of projects, there are environmental regulatory requirements.

On the construction of small hydropower plants:The construction project should include a section "Environmental Protection" or "EIA"

project, which must pass the state environmental expertise and get positive conclusion. The expertise is conducted only at the republican level.

On the construction of bridges, roads, new businesses:The project should include a section "Environmental Protection", which must pass the

state environmental expertise and get positive conclusion. All questions on the composition of the section and passing procedures for the expertise must be received in the district environment department. The expertise is carried out only at the regional and republican level.

On irrigation projects:The project involves the use of water both for irrigation as well as drinking purposes. In

this regard, one must meet the following environmental requirements:1. Creation of a well or a spring around the sanitary protection zone, through its fence

with the size of at least 2,5x2,5m.2. Obtaining permits for special water use from the environmental authorities.

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3. Definitions of well and the spring production to determine the maximum possible value of water supply area.

4. Installation of water meters to record water consumption.5. Carry out chemical and bacteriological water analysis to meet the requirements of the

All Union State Standard Drinking water.6. Foresee water chlorination before supplying it to the consumer7. For land irrigation depending on the terrain, it is necessary, to apply the methods of

irrigation that will not lead to water erosion, or land loss (washout) of topsoil.On the reclamative projects, land development projects, gardens, etc. – it is enough to develop an action plan for the protection of the environment and coordinate it in the local environmental authority. On the projects related to waste management, medicinal herbs and others (according to the law "On licensing of certain activities of the RT") is necessary to obtain a license.

7. Challenges and lessons learned in integrating PEP into the DDP.

An analysis of the work carried out by consultants under the PEP project implementation revealed a number of challenges in the integration of environmental issues in the district development projects, preparation, selection, and implementation of projects for the implementation of the DDP. The following are the main challenges faced by consultants at their work on this project.

While analyzing the prepared DDP a number of gaps were identified on the integration of environmental issues into the district development program, development, selection, implementation of projects for DDP realization. The analysis shows that all the admitted gaps are mainly related to the use of one approach, i.e. the district level experts are using same template. Moreover, there is a maximum use of the DDP adopted until 2015. In particular, it may be noted that the DDP was not a subject to a strong adjustment in those places where it shows the poor preparation of separate sections, or use a common approach instead of unfolding the concrete steps.

The positive side of the DDP development is the organization of the initiative groups in districts where the main experts of the districts were gathered.

Sectoral Groups on Environment after a thorough studying and analyzing in detail the situation on the ground have made concrete proposals for the integration of PEP issues into the District Development Programs, which after passing the public hearings were reviewed and approved at sessions of district Majlis (assemblies). The negative aspect is the fact that there are no experienced experts available in all districts, who correctly understand the issue of poverty and the environment. In particular, the representatives of these groups link this problem with staff turnover.

At the same time during the public hearings on the DDP there was a too short notice. It was necessary to arrange for its publication for public commenting and add to it (based on its results) the respective amendments.

Organization and conducting trainings by the consultants, allowed a little to fill these gaps and allowed to pass the basic skills of the collection process, information processing for the DDP allowed to teach the methodology and the basic requirements for the content and structure of the DDP drafting.

In the framework of the previous activities a system for monitoring and evaluating the implementation of district development plans and projects was developed, but as practice shows, this initiative has not been presented appropriately to the experts at district level, which

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complicates the future monitoring process. Moreover, it was discovered that the initiative on introducing an automated monitoring system, also remains at a low level, which is due to technical constraints and staff turnover at the district level.

As part of regular trainings conducted for the employees of local governments at district level, the indicators to control the DDP and projects implementation are identified and approved. Appropriate monitoring tables on each project are compiled. It is important to note that non-governmental organizations were not actively involved in the process of monitoring and evaluation of the DDP, particularly women's organizations. PEP consultants made recommendations for the inclusion of employees of non-governmental organizations in the group on monitoring and evaluation of the DDP implementation.

The analysis showed that in the Khatlon region and DRS the PEP issues were almost not integrated into the old DDP either fully or partially included. It should be noted that the new DDP projects scheduled for implementation under the different DDP sectors in the context of the integration of PEP issues, have been included in the DDP. This factor leads to the conclusion that many of the current projects and activities are not included in the DDP in 2012 - 2013, but were only included now during the planning of the DDP. There is every indication of the increased staff professionalism – members of the initiative groups in the districts. Corresponding tables for monitoring of each TF project.

At the same time, there are a number of challenges and uncertainties, which may complicate the control of the implementation of the DDP and its projects:

- System of collection, analysis and evaluation of indicators is not tested;- List of responsible parties is not identified, those that would be engaged in data collection, undertake assessment of their compliance with intermediate performance indicators of the DDP;- Mechanism of adjustment in the course of DDP implementation in cases of backlog of intermediate values is not identified;- There is no mechanism to involve the public to monitor the implementation of the DDP;- Lack of the needed and trained experts who can analyze the developed DDP at the district

level;- There is a discrepancy between the data during DDP development.

It should be noted that the monitoring and evaluation group for the DDP implementation does not operate on a daily basis but on a quarterly basis. Also, it is important to emphasize that there is no Terms of References developed for this groups. Thus, this factor directly affects the quality of the work of these groups that were established in the districts. Currently, the group on monitoring and evaluation of DDP only collects information about the activities of various government, public, commercial and international organizations, as well as on projects implemented under the DDP and outside DDP in the context of PEP. In this regard, during the implementation of the M&E on the DDP implementation it is necessary to foresee an individual based in the district economic department of local government, who would be responsible for gathering baseline information and conducting assessment of the DDP implementation in comparison with the intermediate indicators on a full time.

It should be noted that, in many districts during the development and adoption of the programs took place an evolutionary process from the perception of environmental issues as a minor - to the understanding that sustainable development of the district is determined by an integrated approach and a combination of social, economic and environmental factors.

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8. Proposals for the further integration of PEP issues.Based on the experience gained, the consultants offer a number of areas for further

integration of PEP issues:

Integration of PEP issues in the activities of business organizations

Goal: Transition to the principles of the green economy, development and implementation of environmental policies of the enterprises.

Tasks:1. Development and implementation of an environmental management system at the enterprise2. Introduction at the operational SME measures aimed at reducing the environmental burden on the environment from their activities.3. Preparation of the enterprise for certification according to the international standards ISO 14000.

To achieve these tasks, it is necessary:1. To carry out, on a competitive basis, selection of 10-15 companies business organizations -

small and medium-sized enterprises, for one-, two-day training covering the issues of "green" economy, the basic principles of sustainable development of society, including businesses, about the series of international standards ISO 14000 and so on.

2. At the end of the training, on the basis of a preliminary assessment of the environmental performance of the enterprise and the principle of voluntarism, select 1-2 companies, for which the development and introduction of the environmental management system and preparation of the company for certification would be carried out.

3. Development and introduction of an environmental management system in the enterprise/s based on a special program.

4. Dissemination of the experience gained in the activities of business organizations of Tajikistan.

Short description:Country economic development depends on the degree of development of small and

medium businesses, for which there are high expectations. Regardless of the type and nature of any production company it is associated with the surrounding natural environment. At all stages of the economic activities there is an exchange of substance, energy and information with the environment. The enterprise acts as the first and most important element in the human activities affecting the pollution and degradation of the environment. To minimize this negative effect a transition to green economy is required. Such a transition requires, first of all, the development and introduction of environmental policy in the activities of business organizations. An integral part of this policy is the environmental management system of the enterprise.

The introduction of an environmental management system increases the investment attractiveness of companies allows to reduce insurance costs and the cost of loans. Environmental management systems can help reduce costs, improve the quality of not only products and services but also the company as a whole, and sequentially reduce the negative impact of products on the environment and human health throughout its life cycle, thereby increasing the competitive capabilities of the organization.

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The contribution of the environmental management system to the formation of an organization's success is determined by the fact that it allows a systematic approach to the prevention and solution of environmental problems in all aspects of business. In the transition to a market economy, reduction of costs that were caused by the irrational use of resources and materials, losses, and etc., it stands as one of the most significant benefits of introducing an environmental management system for small and medium-sized businesses.

The experience of developed countries shows that the organization of environmental activities at the level of economic entities is impossible only due to technical measures, tougher regulations and regulations on environmental impact. It became apparent that the total control over the sources of environmental impact, is impossible not only technically but also economically, but it does not provide the desired result, and often has a negative impact on many aspects of the business entities. Practically the only acceptable way out of this situation is the all-round promotion of voluntary environmental activities of businesses, increasing their responsibility for all aspects of environmental activities, creation of market mechanisms of environmental management at the enterprise level.

Organization of pilot area of communal forest and pasture – use based on the PEP principles in the foothill areas of the Republic of Tajikistan.

Goal: To gain practical experience on the transition to the principles of the green economy in forestry and agriculture of Tajikistan. The development of environmental policy on forest conservation and improvement of pasturesTasks:1. Development and implementation of the system of communal pasture tenure.2. Development and implementation of common pasture use.3. Implementation of measures aimed at reducing the ecological burden on the environment.4. Develop a system for monitoring and evaluation over the project implementation 5. Dissemination of the experience gained into the activities of business organizations.

Short description:Justification of the problem:Since more than two-thirds of the population lives in rural areas, forests are the main

economic, social and environmental factors that of great importance for the life and well-being of rural people. Destruction of forest cover leads to a different manifestations of erosion, which often entail increasing risks of emergencies. The plight of forest resources need to find new approaches to forest management. One of the most promising areas is the implementation of community-based forest management.

Project activities:The main essence of the creation of communal land tenure is to involve the rural

population in the management of forest resources, allowing for their access to firewood, forest resources (nuts and seeds, berries, mushrooms, oils, foliage, medicinal plants, etc.) on the one hand, and their involvement in the environment protection efforts on the other hand.

There is a need for the projects at the local level in this area, which may include the establishment of small demonstration forest plots of a single-family, village, Jamoat to demonstrate that the production of fuel wood for these farms can be organized with the help of these small landings. Each section can steadily promote the production of the required amount of wood per year, provided that the annual felling will not exceed the annual growth. Forest areas should be fenced from grazing cattle. Forest areas should be fenced from the grazing cattle.

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Create landing for wood fuel (energy) at suitable sites in the vicinity of villages will also reduce the negative impact of wind and water erosion and to protect the remaining natural forests. Grass mowing and its further drying for hay can also provide a regular income. Similarly, such actions may be implemented with regard to the rational use of pastures adjacent to the residence of the community.

One of the main conditions for the implementation of such projects is the desire of the residents, which requires the preparatory, explanatory work with the population and state structures (Hukumat, Jamoat, Environment, Forestry, and Ministry of Agriculture).

This project combines three areas: 1. Forests conservation. 2. Increase in rural population incomes. 3. Reduction of disaster risks.

Ideas for the sustainable natural resources management "Improving the condition of pastures"

Problem justification:The studies carried out and the conclusions of the relevant departments show that nearly

70% of pasture lands in the republic today are not suitable for production. The main reasons are primarily anthropogenic factors indiscriminate use of pasture land, and the spread of insect pests. As a result of non-compliance with the order of placement of livestock, continuous grazing for a long time in one place led to a decrease in pasture productivity almost by three times. Grazing livestock for a long time in one place causes a gradual decrease in the ability of water seepage through the upper soil layers. In such cases, usually the growth of weeds and thorn bushes leads to unsuitable pastures.

Project activities:Given the fact that 70% of the population lives in rural areas, and livestock production is

one of the main sources, which determine the living standards of farmers, thus it is necessary to foresee the development of projects focused on the conservation of pastures.

The most promising areas are:- Transition to communal pasture, especially in the foothill, mountain and highland

districts.- Development of regional programs on effective use of pastures- Creation of pilot, demonstration plots of communal pasturePast experience:There is experience in the implementation of such project in GBAO (GTZ project).

Unfortunately, in the Sugd region there are no positive examples of rational pastures use and community forest management, as this line of work is new and quite promising.

Public consultations on the practical integration of PEP issues in the activities of Dehqan, farming and family farms.

Goal: Strengthening theoretical and practical knowledge of managing subjects on sustainable development of the agricultural sector, taking into account PEP issues.

Tasks: 1. Prepare thematic information and educational materials, taking into account the

districts development priorities taking into account PEP issues.

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2. Organize and conduct public consultation meetings with interested farmers, dehqan and family farms.

3. Undertake monitoring and provide additional consultation on the practical integration of PEP issues in the activities of economic entities.

4. Spread the successful lessons learned of the open advisory activities to the wider public through the media.

Short description:As part of the planned one-day public consultation for stakeholders in each target district.

In particular, farmers, dehqan and family farms that are engaged in agriculture activities of the targeted districts. To ensure greater participation of stakeholders, community residents will be informed through the electronic and print media in the field.

Consultations will be focused on the economic and environmental aspects of provision of the agriculture sustainable development or other kind of activities, where natural resources are the main objects. Professional experts would be providing consultations on economic and environmental development. Moreover, if necessary thematic information materials for the participants would be provided.

To nail down the achieved results and to ensure practical application of gained knowledge and advice monitoring of several livelihoods would be organized. The farms will be selected by the type of activity and taking into account the districts development priorities.

All the lessons learned will be disseminated through print and electronic media means.Topics:• Environmental policy;• Conformity of the technical and technological capacity of agriculture to the new

economic and industrial requirements;• Development of innovative processes in agriculture;• Greenhouse;• The development of beekeeping;• Processing of agricultural products;• Ways to reduce land degradation and modern technology to improve its fertility;• Sources of Energy "Renewable and non-renewable";• Organic agriculture;• Zero-tillage system;• Composting;• Mulching;• «green credits" - the advantages and disadvantages;• Expansion by attracting investments;• Efficient financial management;

Enhancing the capacity and effectiveness of the MLO in the introduction of the Green Credit and Green Economy issues

1. Complex of training sessions for the staff of the MLF (head office and field offices) on the issues of sustainable use of natural resources for the implementation and introduction of MLF environmental policies.

Weekly trainings for employees of MLF on the themes:a) Main principles of rational environmental management:- The main types of environmental pollution;- Environmental monitoring;- Recycling. Principles of creation of low-waste production;

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- Optimization of the environmental management processes;- Legal basis of ecology;b) The rational and efficient use of water resources:- Water resources in Sugd region;- Rational use of water resources in agriculture;- Sanitary protection of water resources;- The practice of rational use of water resources in Sugd.c) Rational use of land resources:- The basic definitions of land degradation and land resources condition in Sugd region;- The fertilizers’ system and its use;- Soil salinization control methods and calculations;- Increasing the soil productivity and use of natural fertilizers;- Composting and mulching;- Running greenhouse facility and its benefits;- Practices of introducing methods of rational land resources use.d) Use of energy-efficient technologies:- Energy efficiency;- Wind technology;- Solar technology:- The practice of using energy efficient technologies in Tajikistan.2. Practical part:On-site visit by the MLF employees for the introduction of environmental managementa) Establishment of HCS, sorting and recycling of waste.b) Meeting with representatives of the Committee on Environment.c) Introduction of drip irrigation.d) Improving soil fertility.e) Greenhouse.f) Implementation of solar technology.3. Publications on the themes studied for distribution amongst MLF customers.4. Consultation of MLF Employees during the acceptance and support for projects on

environmental management.

Ideas for PEP Regional Cooperation in Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan:

- Implementation of the regional competitions on environmental journalism on the PEP issues in the context of selective environmental problems affecting the socio economic development of the border areas,

- Organization of exchange visits / Study Tours for the representatives of media, NGOs and government organizations to study the best practices on the integration of the PEP issues at the local level,

- Support for print and electronic media in the creation of columns on the themes of integrating poverty and environment issues in local development process (for example PEP and agriculture, PEP and water resources use, PEP and biodiversity, etc.).

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Agriculture, Water and

Energy

Climate change and

disasters

Biodiversity and protection

of water intakes

Environment Pollution

Possible activities of Poverty and Environment Program (PEP) in the DDP sectors

Consultations Cooperation Development Informing

Promote the analysis of environmental and

socio-economic impacts of

infrastructure projects with the participation of

stakeholders

Dialogue on the distribution of costs and

benefits to water and energy issues

An integrated approach to energy, water

resources and land use policy

Integrated water resources management at the local level and in a transboundary context

Joint research and monitoring over water quality and quantity with the participation of all stakeholders

Improving the use of drainage water

Involvement of Afghanistan to the exchange of information and consultation in transboundary river

basins in the context of the PEP integration

Promoting DDP sectors in greening the economic activity

Dissemination and promotion of

results of the evaluation of the environmental impact among

districts.

Distribution and promotion of practices on

sustainable land management,

water and energy conservation among the districts.

Spreadof

environmentally sound

energy supply at the local level

Strengthening the network of

Aarhusenvironmental

information centers and

Green Patrols in the regions of Republic of

Tajikistan and increase the

availability and quality of

environmentalinformation at the local level

Using principles of

rational land use

Rationaluse of

ecosystems

Development of water,food,

energy and environmental security

scenariosand recommendations for decision-making in

relation to climate change.

Mappingthe possible

consequences ofclimate change and

actions on adaptation and reduction ofgreenhouse gas

emissions at the local level.

Improvement ofinformation exchange on

disaster risk and preparedness, and

cooperation measures

Improving collection ofhydrometeorological

information and interaction with district level users

Demonstration of the possibilities and

introduction of energy saving measures and

technologies inhouseholds and

settlements

.Introduction of cost

efficient energy solutions in the centers of environmental stress

Adapting to climate change and mitigation

of extreme weather events (droughts).

Integration of pilot and technical projects onintegration of PEP in the water resources management and

agriculture

Improving and reforming forestry in order to protect the mountain, coastal and desert ecosystems

Rational use of pastures and key watersheds.Strengthening cooperation and management of

protected areas

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Local monitoring in the centers ofenvironmental stress

Joint analysis and action plans for areas with significant cross-border and local pollution

Pollution as a result of past economic activities (pesticides’ dump, mining industry

waste, etc.).

Note: The selection of specific activities will depend on the interests of each district and the availability of funds. All the proposed activities are designed to complement the ongoing or planned activities in the framework of the DDP.

Exemplary activities towards the integration of PEP issues as part of the DDP by sectors:

Economic Development SectorAgriculture Small Business Development Industry

Construction of energy-efficient glasshouses and greenhouses

Introduction of drip irrigation Production and use of organic, biological and mineral fertilizers.

Transition to the cultivation of environmentally friendly agricultural products.

Development of beekeeping (use adapted measures to artificially rearing of bees).

Development of fishery (private fish farms)

Conduct regular public consultations for dehkan farms on the rational environment conservancy in the aspect of economic development of the agricultural sector

Cleaning IDS (interceptor drainage systems) and the rehabilitation of land reclamation efflux pumps wells.

Use energy-saving and energy-efficient technologies in operations of industrial enterprises

The introduction and development of green lending (loans at low interest rates for the development of clean production, eco-tourism, etc.).

Implementation of the environmental component of the small businesses in adapting the economy of Tajikistan in connection with membership in the World Trade Organization.

Introduction of low-waste technology and use of modern dust and gas trapping equipment.

Introduction of an environmental management system at industrial enterprises, meeting the requirements of ISO-14000.

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Social SectorEducation Health Tourism

Development of additional environmental education in schools (creation of green patrols, electives for the teaching staff of the Environmental Management and Green Economy, tutorials)

Installation of filters for water purification in medical and social institutions

Installation of ovens for the incineration of hazardous medical waste

Support projects and activities for the development of ecotourism at the district level.

Development and implementation of the system of financial interest of the local community in the protection and rational use of natural resources.

Infrastructure SectorТransport HCS(housing and communal

services)Energy

Planting the dust-collecting tree seedlings along reconstructed or newly constructed roads at the district level.

Development and implementation of control system for exhaust gas emissions from motor vehicles.

Support projects and activities for the collection, sorting and recycling of solid waste

Creation of authorized landfills (storage space for solid waste) at the Districts’ Jamoat level

Support measures for the collection, storage and disposal of defective energy-saving lamps containing mercury.

Create enterprises on disposal of mercury-containing lamps.

Development of the construction of mini and small hydro power plants, as well as the use of solar collectors at the district level

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