MOHEST & KNBS 1

UNESCO-EAST AFRICA REGIONAL SCIENCE, TECHOLOGY AND INNOVATION POLICY REVIEW WORKSHOP

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION INDICATORS SURVEY IN KENYA

30TH MARCH - 3RD APRIL,2009

MOMBASA, KENYA

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OverviewMajor activities◦ Work plan/budget◦ Questionnaire Design◦ Sampling◦ Pre-testing

Survey detailsPrincipal FindingsChallenges

Way Forward

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OverviewFeaturesPurposeScope

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FeaturesStatistical Units are:

Higher Education (Public and Private Universities)Government Research InstitutesBusiness Enterprises/FirmsPrivate Non-Profit organizations

Selective units are representative in their Sector

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Purpose and Scope

◦ Purpose:Measure R&D ExpenditureEstimate R&D Human Resources

◦ Scope:Complete count of all research institutions, selected business enterprises, and Private Non-Profit organizationsPeriod 2007/08

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1. Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D (GERD), by source and Sector of performance: Highereducation, Government, Business, Non-Profitorganizations, Abroad

2. R&D Personnel by level of formal qualification andoccupation, gender (headcount (HC) & Full TimeEquivalent (FTE)): Higher education, Government, Business, Non-Profit organizations

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3. Researchers by gender and field of study/research

4. Expenditures in development areas identified by theAU/NEPAD Consolidated Plan

5. Outputs: Publications, patents (not core but to becollected

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Project ImplementersMinistry of Higher Education Science and Technology◦ Focal point that coordinates all activities related

to ASTII.

Kenya National Bureau of Statistics.◦ National Statistical Office (NSO) in charge of

official statistics◦ Operates under Statistics Act

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Major ActivitiesWork planBudgetDevelopment of the questionnaire Pre-testing

Survey detailsPrincipal FindingsChallenges

Publicity and Awareness

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The Frascati Manual developed by (OECD) provided the framework for the design.The questionnaire was based on the one used by the Centre for Science Technology and Innovation Indicators (CeSTII) of the Republic of South Africa . Other references included : a) an R&D questionnaire formerly used by the

Directorate of Research Development in the Ministry of Higher Education Science and Technology.

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Topics covered include:General information of the institutions In-house R&D personnel (HC&FTE) qualificationsPublications R& D expenditure (capital, labour, current)

Sources of R&D fundsCategories for in-house R&D expenditure (%)Multi-disciplinary R&D (Biotechnology & Nanotechnology)National R&D Priority areas Outsourcing/contracted out R&D activities

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Sampling FrameSampling was done based on the four sectors

namely:◦ Higher Education◦ Business◦ Not for Profit◦ Foreign (Abroad)

For Higher Education, the sampling frame was inclusive of all institutions.

The sample frame consisted of 704 research institutions (both public and private universities and public research institutions).

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Selected Institutions : Higher Education(19)Business Enterprises (4)Not for profit (1) Abroad (1).

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SectorDegree of Coverage

Completely covered

Partially covered

Not Covered

Response Rate

Higher Education 11 - 8 58

Government - - - -

Not for Profit 0 - 1 0

Business enterprise 2 - 2 50

Abroad 1 - - 100

Total 14 - 11 56

Response Rates by sector

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288

738

560 17

889

20 62 50 11 43

2129

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R&D Personnel by Occupation and Qualification

Doctorates Masters/Bachelors Diplomas/others

Number of R&D personnel by occupation and qualification

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739

343

659

247

79 53

1357

826

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1200

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Headcount of R&D Personnel by Occupation and Gender

Male Female

Headcount of R&D personnel by qualification and gender

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23485

560288

2028

1096

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500

1000

1500

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Doctorates Masters/Bachelors Diplomas/others

Qualif ication

Headcount of R&D Personnel by Qualification and Gender

Male Female

Headcount of R&D personnel by qualification and gender

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Field of Study QualificationPhD Masters/Bachelors Diploma and othersMale Female Male Female Male Female Total

Natural Sciences - - - - - - -Engineering and Technology

- - - - - - -

Medical and Health Sciences

- - - - - - -

Agricultural Sciences

3 1 13 - 1 - 18

Social Sciences 2 - - - 1 - 3Humanities - - - - 1 - 1Total 5 1 13 - 3 - 22

Researchers by Field of Research, Qualification and Gender

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Lack of national STI surveys experience The questionnaire required more than one person to provide information requested.

Some research institutions and most business enterprises were reluctant to give information required

STI Governance

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Refine the questionnaire for main survey

Undertake sensitization activities to build consensus and a common understanding concerning ST&I surveys in the country.

Accord the ST&I statistics the legal framework required to instill confidence among respondents

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MOHEST & KNBS 235/18/2009

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