Unidad 1 Etapa 2“Mis Buenos Amigos”

Spanish 1

Nouns

Spanish Nouns

Spanish NounsOne cannot predict the gender of a noun that stands

for a non-living thing. Try to predict whether the Spanish words for the following things are masculine or feminine:

Masculine or feminine?book

housemoneywindow

One cannot predict the gender of a noun, except in the case of living creatures. Do not try to analyze the nature of the object, looking for some inherent masculinity or femininity. It won't work!

Take a guess. Do you think the Spanish word for "dress" is masculine or feminine?

You might expect it to be feminine, since a dress is an article of clothing worn by females. Actually, the word for "dress" is a masculine word: el vestido

Nouns & NumberTo make a noun plural add “s” to vowels and

“es” to consonants. Amigo AmigosDoctor doctores

If a noun ends in -z, add -es and change the z to c.el lápiz: los lápices

Special Note:A feminine noun that starts with A or HA and

is stressed on the first syllable takes the masculine article in the singular form.For example, the singular form of water is: el

agua. When it is plural it becomes: las aguas.

Gender of NounsMasculine nouns, referring to people, that end

in a consonant often have a corresponding feminine form that ends in -a.el profesor, la profesora

Some nouns that refer to people use the same form for both masculine and feminine. These nouns indicate gender by the article (el or la).el estudiante, la estudiante

Nouns that end in -sión, -ción, -dad, -tad, -tud, -umbre are feminine.

Many nouns that end in -ma are masculine. el programa, el poema, el clima (exceptions: la

pluma, la cama) Some nouns end in -a and are masculine.

el dia, el mapa, el sofaA few nouns that end in -o are feminine.

la mano, la radio

Definite ArticlesDefinite articles speak of a particular item. “Give me THE

cookie.”In Spanish, the definite article (“the”) accompanies all

nouns.In English, the definite article is the word "the" regardless

of whether the noun it introduces is singular or plural.It will match a noun’s gender and number!

*Remember the masculine plural will be used if there is a mixed gender!

There are four types of definite articles:

Masc.

Fem.

Singular Plural

el

la

los

las

Definite Articles - Practice1. camisa2. vestidos3. computadoras4. literatura 5. burro6. cine *can you

guess?* 7. habitación8. idioma

1. la camisa 2. los vestidos3. las computadoras4. la literatura 5. el burro6. el cine 7. la habitación8. el idioma

Actividad 6 – Los Vecinos de Raúl1. _____ chicas son Ana y Luisa. 2. _____ señorita Madrigal es maestra.3. _____ muchacho es Juan.4. _____ hombres son doctores.5. _____ muchachos son estudiantes.6. _____mujer es la señora Ramos. 7. _____muchacha es estudiante.8. _____señoras son doctoras. 9. _____señor Robles es policía. 10. _____señores Suarez son maestros.

LasLaElLosLosLaLaLasElLos

Indefinite Articles Indefinite articles speak of any number of an item. “Give me A

cookie.”This is not specific, I could be talking about any old cookie.

In English, the indefinite articles are “a, an, or some”. A cookie, an apple, some bananas

It will match a noun’s gender and number!Note: Remember, the rule about mixed gender – masculine form takes

over. “Unos gatos" could be10 male cats, or it could refer to a group of 9

female cats and one male cat. There are four types of indefinite articles:

Masc.

Fem.

Singular Plural

un

una

unos

unas

Indefinite Articles - Practice1. camisa2. vestidos3. computadoras4. literatura 5. burro6. cine7. habitación8. idioma

1. una camisa 2. unos vestidos3. unas

computadoras4. una literatura 5. un burro6. un cine 7. una habitación8. un idioma

Using Adjectives to Describe Gender

Practice GenderLa Camisa

(morado)El zapato (azul)El sombrero (rojo)La chica (guapo)El papel (grande)La mujer

(simpático)La estudiante

(trabajador)

La Camisa morada

El zapato azulEl sombrero rojoLa chica guapaEl papel grandeLa mujer

simpáticaLa estudiante

trabajadora

Using Adjectives to Describe NumberAdjectives must also match the number of the

nouns they describe. To make an adjective plural, add –s if it ends

with a vowel, -es if it ends with a consonant. Los chicos guapos, divertidos y fenomenales.Las chicas guapas, divertidas y fenomenales.

When an adjective describes a group with both genders, the masculine form of the adjective is used.El chico y la chica son guapos.

PracticeLas Camisas

(morado)Los zapatos (azul)Los sombreros (rojo)Las chicas (guapo)Los papeles (grande)Las mujeres

(simpático)Las estudiantes

(trabajador)

Las Camisas moradas

Los zapatos azulesLos sombreros rojosLas chicas guapasLos papeles grandes Las mujeres

simpáticasLas estudiantes

trabajadoras

Actividad 10 – Los Amigos de Francisco

1. Graciela es una amiga [simpático(a)].2. Mónica es [malo(a)].3. Javier no es un chico muy [interesante]. 4. Rosalinda es una chica [bonito(a)]. 5. Felipe es un amigo [aburrido(a)]. 6. ¡Qué [cómico(a)] es Raúl! 7. Linda es [divertido(a)]. 8. Es un perro muy [inteligente]. 9. ¡Qué [fuerte] es Guillermo. 10. Alma es [bueno(a)].

simpática

malainteresante

bonitaaburrido

cómicodivertida

inteligente

fuerte

buena

Special AdjectivesThe words bueno or malo precede a masculine

singular noun, they are shortened to buen and mal. El buen chico, el mal hombre

When grande precedes any singular noun, it becomes gran and its meaning changes to great. Un gran estudiante

Sometimes, a descriptive adjective can precede the noun. If the adjective is descriptive, but speaks of a quality that is inherent and usually taken for granted, the adjective comes first.la blanca nieve

the white snow (snow is inherently white)los altos picos

the tall peaks (peaks are inherently tall)

Practice1. El gato (blanco)2. Las chicas (inteligente)3. Los calcetines (amarillo) 4. Las mujeres (serio)5. La camisa (feo)6. El sombrero y la bolsa

(negro)7. El hombre (bueno) 8. Las estudiantes

(moreno)9. La gata y la perra

(gordo) 10. Los pantalones (grande)

1. El gato blanco2. Las chicas inteligentes3. Los calcetines amarillos 4. Las mujeres serias5. La camisa fea6. El sombrero y la bolsa

negros7. El buen hombre 8. Las estudiantes

morenos9. La gata y la perra

gordas10. Los pantalones grandes