unified modeling language (uml) - gujarat · session 3 - exception-handling java programming 2 tcs...

Session 3 - Exception-Handling Java Programming

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Unified Modeling Language (UML)


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UML - BriefUnified Modeling LanguageInvented by

Grady BoochJim RumbaughIvar Jacobson

Useful in OOADCurrent version is UML 2.0 (June-2003 )


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Ways of Using UMLUML as sketch

Gives Rough overall idea of a systemCan be done with pen and paper

UML as blueprint Gives complete idea of a systemTools are available in market like Rational Suite Tools

UML as programming languageUML diagram to code generation. ( Helps in speed up the development )Code to UML diagram(Help in understanding the system)


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Ways of Using UML

Software perspectiveThe elements of UML map directly

to elements in a software systemConceptual perspective

Helps in understanding the functionality of system


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UML DiagramsUse case DiagramActivity DiagramClass DiagramSequence DiagramState DiagramComponent DiagramDeployment Diagram


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System Views

Users’ View

Structural View

Behavioral View

Implementation View

Environmental View


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System Views

Users’ View

Structural View

Behavioral View

Implementation View

Environmental View

Defines the functionalities made available by system

to users


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System Views

Users’ View

Structural View

Behavioral View

Implementation View

Environmental View

Defines entities along with

relationships to understand working

of system


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System Views

Users’ View

Structural View

Behavioral View

Implementation View

Environmental View

Captures objects interaction to realize

the system behaviour


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System Views

Users’ View

Structural View

Behavioral View

Implementation View

Environmental View

Captures important components and

their dependencies



System Views

Users’ View

Structural View

Behavioral View

Implementation View

Environmental View

Models different components

implementation on hardware



UML – Users’ View

Use Case Diagram



Use CaseUse case is chunk of functionalitye.g. Customer registration, money transfer, purchase itemUseful for capturing functional and non-functional requirementsDescribes interactions between users and system



Use Case - ComponentsProcess : Functionality that system should provide

Actor : Someone that is external to the system. But that is going to interact with the system



Use Case - Relationships

GeneralizationIncludeExtends



GeneralizationChild use case(s) inherit the behavior and meaning of parent use case

Pay fee

through credit card

through cheque



Product purchase use case compulsorily and automatically includes behavior of the customer authentication use case

Customer authentication

Product Purchase

<< Include >>

Include



Use to show optional system behavior only under certain conditions

For international student, security check is required while enrolling

Extends

Perform security check

Enroll in university

Student

<< extends>>

International Student



Use Case Diagram – Example

Customer

Buy a Product

Browse catalog and select

items

<<include>>



Use Case Document templateIntroduction (Brief about functionality)Actors detailPre-conditionMain pathAlternative pathException / Error situationPost-conditionDetails of non-functional requirements like security/availability/performance etc



Use Case Packaging

Query balance

Print Balance sheet

Receive grant

Make payment

Accounts

Enroll student

Compute CGPA

Enter grade

Academics

Print grade card

Modify grade



UML – Structure View

Class Diagram



Class DiagramDescribes how the system is structured rather than how it behaves.

Describes various objects in the system and the relationships among them



ClassCore element of Class diagramUsed to represent entities in system, often relate to real-world object

-name: String-contactPerson: Client-employees: Client[]

Company

+getName: String

Name

Attribute

Operation



Class – Attribute & OperationAttribute is property of Class

E.g. address, city

Operation is function that class can perform

E.g. getAddress(), getCity()



Attribute & Operation ScopeAttribute / Operation of class has four scopes- Private+ Public# Protected~ default (within package)



Class Diagrams - RelationshipsAssociationCompositionAggregationGeneralizationRealizationDependency



Association

Describes connection between classes

Neither of the classes have ownership.

Library Member BookBorrowed by

1 *



Direct AssociationDescribes connection between class where in one class will have ownership.

Order OrderLine1 *

Item

1

1



CompositionRepresents whole-part relationships where the lifetime of the aggregated class is bound by the lifetime of this association's class.

Order is compose of OrderLine. On deletion of Order associated OrderLines will be deleted.

1Order OrderLine

*



AggregationRepresents whole-part relationships where lifetime of the aggregated class is independent of the lifetime of this association's class.

OrderLine is an aggregate of Item. Deletion of OrderLine will not delete Item associated to it.

1OrderLine Item

1



GeneralizationRelationship between a more specific element and a less specific element.Defines the inheritance structure in the model.Generalization relationships can be created between two Java classes or two Java interfaces .



Generalization

NamePhone NumberEmail Address

Person

SalaryStudent NumberAverage Mark

Student Professor

Is Eligible To EnrollGet seminars taken

Purchase Parking Pass



RealizationSpecify where a (concrete) modeled Java class is used to implement a modeled Java interfaceThis is generated as an implements keyword in the implementing Java class



RealizationA class that implements an interface can provide an implementation for some or all the abstract operations of the interface. If an interface's operations are only partially implemented by a class, that class is then defined as abstract



Realization

+sort():voidSortable

-id: int-products: Product[]

-name: String-contactPerson: Client-employees: Client[]

Company ProductGroup

+sort(): void+sort():void



Dependency

Shows that a change to independent class requires changes in dependent class.

e.g. Class invoke method of other class

Dependent Class

Independent Class



A Simple Class Diagram

Product

Order Linequantity: Integerprice: Money

OrderdateRec: Date [0..1]isPrePaid: Bool [1]Number: String [1]price: Money

dispatchclose

Customername [1]address [0..1]

getCreditRating(): String

Corporate Customer

contactNamecreditRatingcreditLimit

Personal Customer

creditCardNumber

Employee

*

*

*

*

1

1

1

0..1salesRep

{getCreditRating() == “poor”}

{if Order.customer.getCreditRating

is poor then Order,isPrePaidmust

be true}

lineItems



UML – Behavioral View

Sequence DiagramCollaboration DiagramActivity DiagramState-Chart Diagram



Sequence DiagramShow object interaction arranged in a time sequenceHelp us in determining the responsibility of the different classes e.g. What method should be supported by each class



Sequence Diagram

Obj2Obj1Object

participating in the

interactionObjects’life line

Message Time for which object is active

Return Message



Sequence Diagram – ScenarioWe want to calculate price of an OrderOrder contains more then one line itemsEach line item has product informationBased on the product price & required quantity base price is calculatedOrder then needs to compute overall discount (based on rules tied to customer)



Sequence Diagram – An Example



Sequence Diagram: Creating & Deleting ParticipantsaHandler

aQueryCommand

query db

new

new

results

resultsextract results

execute

aDatabaseStatement



Sequence Diagram: Loops & Conditionalsprocedure

foreach (lineitem)if (product.value > Rs.10k)

careful.dispatchelse

regular.dispatchend if

end forif (needsConfirmation)

messenger.confirmend procedure



Sequence Diagram: Loops & Conditionals:Order regular:

Distributor:Messengercareful:

Distributordispatch

altloop

opt

[for each line item]

[value > Rs.10000]

[else]

dispatch

dispatch

confirm[needsConfirmation]



Collaboration diagramShows both structural and behavioral aspects

Structural aspect: Objects and links between them

Behavioral aspect: message exchange between objects



Collaboration diagram

anOrder

anOrderLine aProduct

aCustomer

1: calcPrice

1.1: getProduct()1.2: getQuantity()

1.3: getPricingDetails

1.4: calcBasePrice()1.5: calcDiscount() 1.5.1: getDiscountInfo()



Activity DiagramNormally used to explain complex processesRepresent different activities and transition between themAn Activity is a state with an internal action and one or more outgoing transitionIt may or may not correspond with methods of classes

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18 If an activity has more than one outgoing transaction then these must be indentified through condition.152481, 11/15/2006



Activity Diagram ComponentsStart: Where the flow of control starts

Activity : Action state

Transition : Movement between activities

End: Where the flow of control ends



Fork: A single flow of control split into two or more concurrent flows of control

Allow parallel threads of activitiesOne input, 2 or more output

Activity Diagram Components



Activity Diagram (Fork)

Received Order

Verify ordered product are in

stock

Verify customer has available

credit



Join has two or more input transition and a single output transition.

Concurrent flow wait until all the incoming flow have reached to join2 or more input, One output

Activity Diagram Components



Activity Diagram (Join)

Accept Order

Verify ordered product are in

stock

Verify customer has available

credit



Activity Diagram - Registration Process

[Registration time period expired]

Create Curriculum

Close Registration

Open Registration

Mail catalog to Students

Place catalog in Bookstore

Select courses to teach

Create catalog



Activity DiagramSwim lane enables you to

group activities based on who is performing themEmphasize on who is going to

perform what



Registrar ProfessorCreate Curriculum

Close Registration

Open Registration

Mail catalog to Students

Place catalog in Bookstore

Select courses to teach

Create catalog



State Chart DiagramShows how the state of an object changes in its lifetime.Normally used for objects having lots of dynamic behaviore.g. Object like button having ON and OFF state doesn’t required State chart diagram.



State Chart Diagram ComponentsInitial state: represented as filled circleState : represented by a

rectangle with rounded cornerTransition :event [guard]/actionGuard : is a Boolean logical conditionFinal state: represented by a filled circle inside a larger circle.

[ ]

[guard] event



Unprocessed order

Accept order

Fulfilled order

Reject Order

Pending order

[reject] checked [accept] checked

[some items not available] processed

[all items available]processed/deliver

[all itemsavailable]new supply

State Chart Diagram



UML – Implementation View

Component Diagram



Component DiagramDescribes high-level reusable parts of a system that helps

Developer / Analyst in understanding the systemServes as input to deployment

diagram



Component DiagramIn a class diagram the implementation of the classes is source code. Component diagrams representsexecutable code



Component Diagram ComponentsProvided Interfaces : (lollipop notation )Required Interfaces : (Socket notation )Ports : Distinct interaction point

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Component Diagram

Provided Interface

Required Interface



UML - Environmental View

Deployment Diagram



Deployment DiagramHelps in visualizing which components are running on which processors



Deployment Diagram



Fitting the UML into SDLCRequirements Analysis (what users want the system to do)

Use Case (‘interaction between processes and external entities’)Class [Conceptual] (‘identification of the domain entities’)Activity (‘explanation of process flow’)

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110 Activity Daigram:Optional, For Coplex Business process it is used to get clear idea with graphical represantation along with the owner of the processes.152481, 11/15/2006



Fitting the UML into SDLCDesign (How system implements requirements)

Class [Software] (‘how classes interrelate’)Sequence (‘how objects

interacts)Component (‘grouping of related

components’)



Fitting the UML into SDLCState (for objects with complex

life cycle)e.g. Order states like unprocessed, accepted, pending, rejected, fulfilled.Deployment (‘physical layout of

the software’)



Fitting the UML into SDLC

DocumentationTo illustrate UML diagrams,

write additional documentatione.g. (“screen flow diagram”“decision table”)



Decision tableHelps us in putting complex if-else conditions in simple tabular mannerTwo types of decision table

Binary ValuedMulti Valued



Rules for electricity billing Graphical RepresentationIf the meter reading is "OK", calculate on consumption basis (i.e. meter reading)If the meter reading appears "LOW", then check if the house is occupied.



Rules for electricity billing If the house is occupied, calculate on seasonal consumption basis otherwise calculate on consumption basis.If the meter is damaged, calculate based on maximum possible electricity usage



DECISION TABLE(BINARY-VALUED )

Y N N N Double special rate

N Y N N Double minimum rate

N N Y N Special rate

N N N Y Minimum rate

N Y N Y Consumption < 300 units per month

N N Y Y Domestic Customer



DECISION TABLE(MULTI-VALUED )

2S2MSMRate≥ 300< 300 ≥ 300< 300 Consumption

NNDDCustomer

• D: Domestic• N: Non–Domestic• M: Minimum

• S: Special• 2M: Twice Minimum• 2S: Twice Special



Rules for electricity billing binary-value decision tables can grow large if the number of rules increase Multi-valued decision tables have an edge In the above example, if we add a new class of customers, called Academic, with the rules



BINARY-VALUED DECISION TABLEThree rows and two columns are added to deal with the extra class of customers



DECISION TABLE(BINARY-VALUED )

NNNNYNN

YN

NNNYNNY

NN

YNNNTwice concessional rateNYNNConcessional rate NNYNTwice special rate NNNNTwice minimum rate NYNNSpecial rate NNNYMinimum rate NYNY

Consumption < 300 units per month

NNNYDomestic Customer YYNNAcademic



MULTI-VALUED DECISION TABLEOnly two columns are added to deal with the extra class of customers



DECISION TABLE(MULTI-VALUED )

TS≥ 300

M<300

CTCTMSRate<300≥ 300 <300≥ 300 Consumption

Academic Non-domesticDomesticCustomer

S : SpecialM : MinimumTS : Twice SpecialTM : Twice MinimumTC : Twice ConcessionalC : Concessional



UML - ToolsRational SuitArgoUMLPoseidon for UMLEclipse with UML plug-inNetBeans Enterprise Pack



Thank You!



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unified modeling language (uml) - gujarat · session 3 - exception-handling java programming 2 tcs...

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