UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK

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Final Year Project Report

Masters

PhD

DECLARATION OF ORIGINAL WORK

This declaration is made on the 10..day ofJune..2014.

Students Declaration:I SHARIFAH NUR SYUHADA BT WAN ALWI (29042), from FACULTY OF ENGINEERING hereby declare that the work entitled PLANNING ANALYSIS FOR HYDROPOWER ENVIRONMENTAL FLOW IN BARAM RIVER USING LOGICAL FRAMEWORK APPROACH is my original work. I have not copied from any other students work or from any other sources except where due reference or acknowledgement is made explicitly in the text, nor has any part been written for me by another person.

10 June 2014 Sharifah Nur Syuhada Bt Wan Alwi (29042) Date submitted Name of the student (Matric No.)

Supervisors Declaration:I PROF. DR. FJ PUTUHENA hereby certifies that the work entitled PLANNING ANALYSIS FOR HYDROPOWER ENVIRONMENTAL FLOW IN BARAM RIVER USING LOGICAL FRAMEWORK APPROACH was prepared by the above named student, and was submitted to the FACULTY as a * partial/full fulfillment for the conferment of DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF CIVIL ENGINEERING WITH HONOURS, and the aforementioned work, to the best of my knowledge, is the said students work.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my sincere appreciation to my project supervisor, Prof. Ir. FJ Putuhenafor his guidance and advices throughout the Final Year Project. Without his support and interest, this thesis would not be the same as presented here.I would also like to give an honor to the Sarawak Energy Berhad (SEB), Sarawak River Board (SRB) and Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID) for giving cooperation with me to find relevant information and kindly support my thesis.Lastly , I wish to thanks those who have assisted me, either direct or indirectly throughout the entire progress of my Final Year Project. Thank You

ABSTRACT

The study of environmental impact and socio-economic impact is an important element need to be considered before construct any hydropower project at inland community. This study was aimed to identify the problem occur due to existing river condition and dam construction. Problems will be determined and improved by using the Logical Framework Approach. The UluBaram area which is considered the inlandcommunity is chosen for this study. All the data were obtained from the existing Social and Environmental Impact and Assesment (SEIA) report for Baram Hydropower project. Conclusion and recommendation is based on the Logical Framework Matrix that has been constructed from the data given.

ABSTRAK

Kajian kesan alam sekitar dan kesan sosio-ekonomi adalah elemen keperluan penting yang perlu dipertimbangkan sebelum membina apa-apa projek kuasa hidro di masyarakat pedalaman. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti masalah yang berlaku kerana keadaan sungai yang sedia ada dan pembinaan empangan. Masalah akan ditentukan dan diperbaiki dengan menggunakan Pendekatan Rangka Kerja Logik (LFA). Kawasan Ulu Baram yang dianggap masyarakat pedalaman dipilih untuk kajian ini. Semua data ini telah diperoleh daripada Laporan Sosial dan Alam Sekitar yang telah sedia ada untuk projek kuasa hidro Baram. Kesimpulan dan cadangan adalah berdasarkan kepada Matriks Rangka Kerja Logik yang telah dibina daripada data yang diperoleh.

TABLE OF CONTENT

Pages

Acknowledgement Abstract Abstrak Table of ContentList of TablesList of FiguresList of Abbreviations

CHAPTER 1:INTRODUCTION1.0Background1.1 Physical Condition and Development of Baram River1.2 Issue and problem1.3Objectives of this study1.4Scope of the study

CHAPTER 2:LITERATURE REVIEW2.0Introduction2.1 Activities and Development at Baram River.2.1.1 Inland Navigation Development2.1.2 Urban and industrial development2.1.3 Hydropower Development2.1.4 Water supply Development2.2 Issues and Problem 2.3 Hydropower 2.4Logical Framework Analysis2.4.1 Terminology Of Logical Framework Approach2.4.1.1 Project description 2.4.1.2 Goal2.4.1.3 Purpose2.4.1.4 Component Objectives2.4.1.5 Inputs2.4.1.6 Assumptions2.4.1.7 Indicators2.4.1.8 Means of Verification (MOVs) 2.4.1.9 Vertical Logic ( IF-THEN causality) 2.4.2 Strength and Weakness Logical Frame Approach

CHAPTER 3:METHODOLOGY3.0 Introduction3.1Project Design with Logical Framework Approach (LFA)3.2Analysing the Existing Situation3.2.1Problem Analysis3.2.2 Stakeholder Analysis3.2.3 Objective Analysis3.2.4Alternative Analysis3.3Identify Main Project Elements3.4 Identify the External Factors3.5Identifying the Indicators and Means of Verification3.6Filling up the Logical Framework Matrix

CHAPTER 4:DATA & ANALYSIS4.0 Introduction4.1Issues and Problem4.2Logical Framework Approach (LFA)4.2.1 Step 1: Problem Analysis4.2.2 Step 2: Stakeholder Analysis4.2.3Step 3: Objectives Analysis4.2.4Step 4: Alternative Analysis4.2.5Step 5 : Identify The External Factor4.2.5.1Overall Objective4.2.5.2Specific Objective4.2.5.3Result (Output)4.2.5.4Activity (Solution)4.2.6Step 6 : Assumption 4.2.7Step 7 : Identify theIndicators and Means of Verification4.2.8Step 8 : Filling Up the Logical Framework Matrix

CHAPTER 5:CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS5.0Introduction5.1Conclusions5.3Recommendation

REFERENCES

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LIST OF TABLES

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Strengths and weakness of LFAList of principal stakeholders of Baram Hydropower ProjectLogical Framework MatrixIssues and ProblemsList of stakeholdersCategory of Stakeholder (Stakeholder Analysis 2)Stakeholder Analysis 3Alternative AnalysisAssumptionIndicators and Means VerificationLogical Framework Matrix for Adequate Environmental Flow at Baram River1320252730313235373841

LIST OF FIGURES

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1.12.12.23.13.23.33.44.14.2Schematic Map of Ulu Baram AreaTwo Phases and Seven Steps of the LFA IF-THEN RelationshipFlowchart of construction Logical Framework MatrixProblem AnalysisObjective analysisRelationship between assumption and objectivesProblem TreeObjective Tree

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

LFA Logical Framework ApproachSEIA Social and Environmental Impact AssesmentEIA Environmental Impact AssesmentSEB Sarawak Energy BerhadSRB Sarawak River BoardDID Department of Irrigation and DrainageHEP Hydro Electric Project

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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION1.0BackgroundSarawak with a land area of 124450 sq. km consist of 55 navigable rivers with a combined length of 3300 km. Rivers has always played a prominent role in Sarawakian life. The rivers in Sarawak are a major mode of transportation for passengers, goods and logs. The Baram River is one of the major river basin in Sarawak, it is also the second longest river in Sarawak, after the Rajang River. Baram River is the major route that connects places along Ulu Baram, it also leads to the Sarawak National Park, Mulu Caves. The environmental flow of Baram River needs to be sustained, due to the endangered wildlife species that lives along the river and the safety and health of the local residents of Ulu Baram.(see Figure 1.1)

Figure 1.1: Schematic Map of Ulu Baram Area

Baram river basin is one of the 13 chosen area in Sarawak to construct Hydropower Project. The proposed Baram dam is likely to be built on the stretch of the Baram River between Long Kesseh and Long Nahaah, subject to confirmation of the site investigations and the Social and Environmental Impact (SEIA) study which has been carried out by the Sarawak Energy Berhad (SEB). It is a hydroelectric project (HEP) that uses the power of the flow of water through turbines (four sets of Francis turbine generating units) to generate 1,000 MW of electricity. The Baram dam is a Roller-Compacted Concrete dam with a height of 150m and a catchment area of 8,978km2. The size of the reservoir is 388km2. The Planning Analysis for Hydropower Environmental Flow in Baram River, using the Logical Framework Analysis (LFA), assumes that the environmental flow are instruments of a change. The project is implemented in order to change the current situation into a more desirable situation. The project consists of three elements, an input of resources, the implementation of certain activities, and will result in a number of outputs that are expected to contribute to desired objectives. The objectives that the project seeks to achieve relate to the improve situation. The Logical Framework Approach (LFA) was first adopted by U.S Aid in the early1970s. Since then the LFA has been used by many larger donor organizations, both multilateral and bilateral. The LFA is a management tool that facilitates planning, execution and evaluation of a project. The LFA has a power to communicate a complex and costly project clearly and understandably on one up to five sheets of paper. This is achieved by structuring the main elements of a project in a matrix (the logical framework) which summarizes the project, highlighting logical linkage between intended inputs, planned activities and expected results and record the underlying assumption.

1.2 Physical Condition and Development of Baram RiverBaram River is approximately 607 km long and it navigable up to 371 km. The catchments area of Baram River is about 22,325 sq. km and is located in a tropical rainforest region. The average elevation of the basin is 602 m, with a maximum elevation of 4,833 m. Rainfall in the basin is quite high, averaging 3,225 mm. annually and is spread throughout the year. The river is quite sinuous in a nature, particularly in its lower reaches. Currently, the development that was taken places in the Baram River Basin includes the ; Navigation, Hydropower Development and Water Supply Development.

1.2 Issue and problemThere are some issues and problem regarding the hydropower development in the Baram River. The construction and operation of the hydropower dam affect the river environment, especially the inland navigation for the villagers along the Baram river.

1.3Objectives of this studyThis study is aimed to establish an approach and tool for evaluating and monitoring the environmental flow along Baram River. Specific objectives of this study is to apply Logical Framework Approach as a tool for integrating the requirement of environmental flow with the the operation hydropower dam or in other words for the Integrated Water Resources Management in the Baram River.

1.4Scope of the studyTo examine and analyze the current issues and problem, in relation to Logical Framework Approach Development for improving the Environmental Flow condition at Baram River especially due to current and proposed navigation facilities and other water resources infrastructure development.

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0IntroductionThe literature review will present the greater detail about the activities and development carry out at Baram River include existing and future development, issues or problems and institutional, laws and regulations involved in Hydropower Development at Baram River and Logical Framework Approach. This chapter will also present some of the relevant project development in Baram River.

2.4 Activities and Development at Baram River.Baram River is the second longest river in Sarawak after Batang Rajang. Baram River plays important roles for hydropower development, navigation, urban and industrial development, land development, tourism development, aquaculture and agriculture development, and water supply development.

2.4.1 Inland Navigation DevelopmentThe Baram Rivers are also the principle means for log transportation as well as storage (log ponds). Log activities in this area mostly located Tinjar River and Tutoh River where this river is tributaries of Baram River. There two type of raft playing (Barge Tow) at Baram River. First is small raft where it long 200-300m. This raft move from Tinjar and Tutoh to Marudi. Second is a big raft (500m-800m) where it move from Marudi to Kuala Baram.

2.4.2 Urban and industrial developmentThe development of Baram River is including the tourism industries, business centre, administrative centre, housing estate, shop houses, factories, etc. The industrial zone is located at Kuala Baram (Estet Perindustrian Kuala Baram) about 1,564 ha. and Marudi (Kawasan Perindustrian Ringan Marudi) about 12 ha.

2.4.3 Hydropower DevelopmentAccording to Liefting (2012); The Baram Dam (Baram Hydro-electric Dam Project) is a proposed gravity dam on the Baram River in the Malaysian state of Sarawak on the island of Borneo. The site of the dam is 250 kilometres (160 mi) inland from Miri, the second largest city in Sarawak. The dam is part of the Sarawak Corridor of Renewable Energy. The dam will be 162 metres (531 ft) tall and its reservoir will cover an area of 39,000 hectares (96,000 acres). At least 20,000 people from 25 longhouses will be displaced when the dam is built.

2.4.4 Water supply DevelopmentThe existing water consumption for the township of Long Lama is being recorded by Jabatan Kerja Raya Marudi (JKR). The existing water supply facilities were designed and constructed in 1966. The existing intake comprises a floating pontoon on Batang Baram and is being secured to a tree trunk nearby by means of a rope. It has been in use since 1980. The old intake located nearby and constructed in 1960s have been abandoned and only one of the piers with short length of pipe remains. Regular shifting of the existing floating pontoon to deeper location is required during low water level to avoid the silt that gathers near the river bank. This year JKR hydraulic Branch plan to propose a new water supply scheme, which able to serve the local community till year 2025 at Long Lapok Township and half from Baram River surrounding area. At present, the proposed site has no treated water serving the local community; the water source for daily domestic consumption mainly comes from rainwater harvesting and river water.

2.5 Issues and Problem Baram Dam is one of the 12 dams project in Sarawak to begin construction. The Baram dam is expected to generate 1,000megawatts ( MW) of power. The construction of the dam will affect the environmental flow of the rainforest near the Baram Dam. Social and Environmental Assement (SEIA) Report on the Baram River has been established by Sarawak Energy. The SEIA Report suggesting that some of maintenance and preservation should be made to sustain the river for the community needs and wildlife near the proposed Baram Dam.

2.6 Hydropower According to Energy Information Administration (2008), the source of hydropower is water and its one of the renewable energy sources that generates electricity and it is widely used in the world. It is one of the oldest sources of energy and was used thousand of years. According to Paish (2002), the development of hydro-electricity in the 20th century was usually associated with the building of large dams and hundreds of massive barriers of concrete, rock and earth were placed across river valleys world wide to create huge artificial lakes.According to Ryan (2009), Electricity can be produced unlimited when dam has finished construct. The sluice gates on the dam system can be used to cut down the electricity generation when electricity is not needed. The water can be saved for use another time when electricity demand is high. Dam structure is designed to last many years and so can contribute to many generation. The lake that forms behind the dam can be used for water sports. The large dams become tourist attractions in their own right and the lakes water can be used for irrigation purposes. Dam system does not produce any green house gases when producing electricity and yet the dam system does not pollute the atmosphere. The disadvantages of hydropower dam are, the cost used to construct a dam is extremely expensive and must be built to a very high standard. The high construction cost of dam must be able to operate for many years before can profitable. Also, the constructing of large dam can cause serious geological damages and can destroy the natural environment. Flooding is an example of the natural environment damages caused by the construction of a large dam. Once flooding happened, people have to move out and find another new place. Building a dam may lead problems between neighbouring countries because the water supply from the river has been disturbed and the situation may become worse if the river is shared with other countries.

2.4Logical Framework AnalysisPlanning activities using the LFA consists of two (2) distinct phases. The first phase concerns an analysis of the existing situation. The first phase concerns of the existing situation. There are four different steps can be identified in the Analysis Phase. The second phase of LFA Planning is the phase in which the project is designed. This phase have three (3) different steps. The detail is elaborated in the following sub-chapters. These seven steps are presented in figure 2.1 below:

A. Analysing The Situation1. Problem Analysis2. Stakeholder Analysis3. Objective Analysis4. Alternative Analysis

B. Designing The Project5. Project Element6. External Factors7. Indicators

Figure 2.1 : Two Phases and Seven Steps of the LFA (source:AusGUIDElines)

2.4.2 Terminology Of Logical Framework ApproachA brief description of the terminology is given below:

2.4.1.1Project descriptionProvides a narrative summary of what the project intends to achieve and how. It describes the means by which desired end are to be achieved (the vertical logic).

2.4.1.2 GoalRefers to the sector or national objectives to which the projects is designed to contribute in sustainable way, e.g. increased incomes, improved nutritional status, and reduced cost. The goal helps set the macro level context within which the project fits and describes the long term impact that the project is expected to contribute towards. (But not itself achieve or be solely accountable for)

2.4.1.3 PurposeRefer to what the project is expected to achieve in terms of sustainable development outcome at the end, or soon after, the project life. Examples might include increased agriculture production, higher immunization coverage or improved safety in the jetties. There should generally be only one purpose statement.

2.4.1.4 Component ObjectivesRefer where the project or programme is relatively large and has a number of components (output) it is useful to give each component an objective statement. These statement should provide a logical link between the outputs of that component and the project purpose. Outputs refer to the specific results and tangible product (goods and services) produced by undertaking a series of tasks of activities.

2.4.1.5 InputsRefer to the resources required to undertake the activities and produce the outputs, e.g. as personnel, equipment and materials. However, inputs should not be in matrix format.

2.4.1.6 AssumptionsRefer to conditions which could affect the progress or success of the project, but over which project managers have no direct control, e.g. price changes, rainfall, land perform policies, non-enforcement of supporting legislation. An assumption is a positive statement of a condition that must be met in order for project objectives to be achieved. A risk is negative statement of what might prevent objectives being achieved.

2.4.1.7 IndicatorsRefer to the information we need to help us determine progress towards meeting stated project objectives. An indicator should provide, where possible, a clearly defined unit of measurement and a target detailing the quantity, quality and timing of expected results.

2.4.1.8 Means of Verification (MOVs)Should clearly specify the expected source of the information we need to collect.How the information will be collected should be considered and who will be responsible, and the frequency with which the information should be provided.

2.4.1.9 Vertical Logic ( IF-THEN causality)Constructing the project description of the matrix involves a detailed breakdown of the chain of causality in the project design.

This can be expressed in terms of : IF inputs are provided, THEN activities can be undertaken. IF activities are undertaken, THEN outputs will be produced. IF outputs are produced, THEN specific objectives will be achieved. IF specific objectives are achieved, THEN the project purpose will be supported. IF the project purpose is supported, this should THEN contribute towards the overall objectives

Figure 2.2 : IF-THEN Relationship (source : AusGUIDElines) 2.4.3 Strength and Weakness Logical Frame ApproachThe strengths and weaknesses of Logical Framework Analysis (LFA) has been summarized into the Table 2.0 below.

Table 2.1: Strengths and weakness of LFA ( S. Klaas & B. Annette)IssuePotential strengthsCommon problemsPossible dangers

Vertical Logic Provides logical link between means and ends. Places activity within broader development environment. Encourages examination of risks. Getting consensus on objectives. Reducing objectives to a simple linear chain. Inappropriate level of detail (too much or too little) Oversimplification of objective. Objectives become too rigid (blueprint) Ignoring unintended effects. Hides disagreements.

Horizontal Logic Require analysis of whether objectives are measurable. Helps establish monitoring and evaluation framework. Finding measurable indicators for higher level objectives and social projects. Establishing unrealistic targets too early. Downgrading of less quantified objectives. Rigid targets. Information overload.

Format and application Links problem analysis to objective setting. Visually accessible and relatively easy to understand. Can be applied in participatory way. Prepared too late and mechanistically. Problem analysis and objective setting not always linked. Risks marginalized. High demands for training and judgement. The same fixed format applied in all cases. Used for top down control. Can alienate staff. Becomes a fetish rather than a help.

CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

4.0 IntroductionThis chapter will describe more detailed on the Adequate Environmental Flow in Batang Baram by using Logical Framework Analysis (LFA). Therefore, the steps and procedure by using LFA are explained more clearly and detail in order to achieve the objective of the study.

3.1Project Design with Logical Framework Approach (LFA)The steps to construct the Log Framework Matrix is summarized and presented in the flowchart in the figure 3.1 below.

Figure 3.1: Flowchart of Constructing Logical Framework Matrix

3.2Analysing the Existing SituationLFA incorporates four main analytical elements to help guide the design process:i) Problem Analysisii) Stakeholder Analysisiii) Objectives Analysisiv) Alternative Analysis3.2.1Problem AnalysisBased on the available information, the existing situation is analyzed: i.e. the main problems are identified and the main cause and effect relationships between these problems are visualized in a problem tree. The activities undertaken in the problem analysis are as follow:i. Main existing problems were identified, based on available information.ii. One focal problem were selected for the analysis and the problem tree were developed iii. Substantial and direct causes of focal problem were identifiediv. Substantial and direct effects of focal problem were identifiedv. A problem tree showing the cause and effect relationship between the problems were constructed. (see figure 3.2)

Figure 3.2: Problem Analysis

The problem analysis is complete when the stakeholders are convinced that all essential information has been included in the network in order to explain the main cause-effect relationship characterizing the problem. 3.2.2 Stakeholder AnalysisAfter the main problems, and the cause and effect relationship were identified, it is important to give further consideration to who these problems actually impact on most, and what the roles and interests of different stakeholders might be in addressing the problems and reaching solutions. The main solutions of stakeholder analysis are:i) To better address distributional and social impacts of projects, programs and policies.ii) To identify existing or potential conflicts of interest, and factor appropriate mitigation strategies into activity design. Stakeholder analysis is about asking the questions: Whose problem and, if a project intervention strategy is proposed: who will benefit?

The main steps in stakeholder analysis include:i) Identify the principal stakeholderii) Investigate their roles, interests, relative power and capacity to participate.iii) Identify the extent of cooperation or conflict in the relationship between stakeholders.iv) Interprete the findings of the analysis and defining how this should be incorporated into project design. When looking at who at stakeholders are, it is useful to distinguish between the target group and the broader group of stakeholders (the target group being one of the principal stakeholders).

Table 3.1:List of principal stakeholders of Baram Hydropower Project 1.Sarawak Energy Berhad (SEB)5.Department of Environmental (DOE)

2.Sarawak River Board (SRB)6.Forest Department Sarawak

3.Public Works Department (JKR)7.Sarawak Tourism Board

4.Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID)8.General Public

3.2.3 Objective AnalysisAfter the problem tree has been completed and initial stakeholder analysis has been undertaken, the objective trees will be prepared.The objective tree uses exactly the same structure as the problem tree, but with the problem statements (negatives) turned into objective statements (positives). However, the results of the stakeholder analysis may have helped to give better focus to priority problems and not all of the original problem statements may therefore need to be translated into objective statements.While the problem tree shows the cause and effect relationship between problems, the objective tree shows the objectives and solutions relationship between the main goal/ overall objectives, the objectives and solution relationship is better known as the mean-ends relationship. (see figure 3.3)

Figure 3.3 : Objective Analysis

3.2.4Alternative AnalysisThe purpose of the alternatives analysis is to identify possible alternative option, assess the feasibility of these and agree upon one project strategy. The alternative options are based on the means-ends relationships of objectives tree.The various alternatives option has to be discussed by all stakeholders involved. The different stakeholders have to agree upon on the most favoured option. Criteria that should be considered in selecting the most viable alternative include total cost, benefit to prority groups, probability of achieving objective and social risks. Other possible criteria are:i. Technical: Appropriateness, use of local resources, market suitability, etc.ii. Financial: Costs, financial sustainability, foreign exchange need, etc.iii. Economic: Economic return, cost effectiveness, etc.iv. Institutional: Capacity, capability, technical assistance inputs, etc.v. Social/Distributional: Distribution of costs and benefits, gender issues, socio-cultural constraints, local involvement and motivation etc.vi. Environmental: Environmental effects.

3.3Identify Main Project ElementsOnce the project strategy has been chosen, the main project elements are derived from the objectives tree and transferred into the narrative summary in the first column of logical framework. In total, 5 project elements will be identified. These elements are development objectives, immediate objectives, outputs, activities and inputs or resources.

The development objectives the anticipated long terms objectives towards which the project will contribute (project justification). Immediate objective describes the intended effects of the projects (projects purpose) for the direct beneficiaries as a precise state future condition. The outputs are expressed as objectives that the projects must achieved and sustain within the life of the project. Their combined impact should be sufficient to achieve the immediate objectives.

3.4 Identify the External FactorsExternal factors are conditions that must exist if the project is to succeed but which are outside the direct control of project management. In the step six the external factors that must be met are identified. In order to identify the external factors it is useful to start at the bottom of the project matrix and work upwards.

First, the input needs to be examined. The question that needs to be answered is: Are the inputs sufficient to undertake the anticipated activities or do additional events need to take place outside the project? These additional events that must take place are the external factors that are to be identified. External factors need to be identified for each level of the project. Once all external factors have been identified, it is useful to verify if the logical framework is valid. Starting from bottom, verify all level that the proposals follow logically from each other and that they are complete. The relationship between assumption and objectives is shown in figure 3.4 below:

Figure 3.4: Relationship between assumption and objectives

3.5Identifying the Indicators and Means of VerificationIndicators are specified in the second column in the logical framework. Indicators specify how the achievement of project objective will be measured and verified. They provide the basis for monitoring project progress (completion of activities and the delivery of outputs) and evaluating the achievement of outcome (component objectives and purpose). Measurement can be quantitative, qualitative or behavioral. Because single indicators seldom convey a comprehensive picture of change it might be necessary to use more than one indicator. The characteristics of good indicators are including the following:i) Substantial: it reflects as essential aspects of an objective in precise terms.ii) Independent: Independent at different levels. Since the development and immediate objective will be different, and each indicator is expected to reflect evidence of achievement, the same indicators cannot normally be used for more than one objective.iii) Factual: Each indicator should reflect fact rather than subjective impression. It should have the same meaning for projects supporters as to informed skeptics.iv) Plausible: i.e. the changes recorded can be directly attributed to the project.v) Based on obtainable data: Indicator should draw upon data that is readily available or that can be collected with reasonable extra effort as part of the administration of the project.

Means of verification is in the third column of logical framework. When indicators are formulated the sources of necessary to use them should be specified. In the design of a project the means of verification should be explicitly dealt with. It must be known what information is required, in what form this information must be and where this information can be obtained.

3.6Filling up the Logical Framework MatrixAfter the step one until step seven was completed then the results will be put in the Logical Framework Matrix as shown in Table 3.2 below.

Table 3.2: Logical Framework MatrixProject Description(Objective Summary)IndicatorsMeans of VerificationAssumptions

Goal

Purpose

Outputs

Activities

CHAPTER 4

DATA & ANALYSIS

5.0 IntroductionThis chapter will present the issues and problem faced by the Sarawak Government especially Sarawak River Board regarding Inland Baram Hydropower Development in the Baram River. The issues and problems will be analyzed using the Logical Framework Approach (LFA) that encompasses two distinct phases.

4.1Issues and ProblemThe construction and operation of the hydropower dam affect the river environment, especially the inland navigation for the villagers along the Baram river. The problem and issues that has been identified are listed in Table 4.1 below.

Table 4.1: Issues and ProblemsNoIssuesProblems

1.River Bank Erosion Caused by the wash of big riverine vessels. loss of land Cause sedimentation.

2.Low River Flow

Caused by monsoon and riverbank erosion Caused by the impact of the dam construction Affect the navigation to the upper river Caused impact to the river ecosystem

4.2 Logical Framework Approach (LFA)There are 8 steps to fill the Log Framewoek Matrix according to flowchart shown in figure 3.1, which has been explained in the previous chapter.

4.2.1Step 1:Problem AnalysisIt is decided that inadequate environmental flow should be considered in the focal problem. When the focal problem has been identified, then the problem tree of substantive and direct causes and effect can be established.

Ecosystem Degradation Wildlife Habitat LossEconomic LossTime DelayShorter RouteLimitation of Cargo Size

River Ecosystem DamageNavigation Problem

Inadequate Environmental Flow in Batang Baram

Existing River Condition ProblemDam Construction Impact

Operational StageConstruction StageRiverbank ErosionImpoundment Stage

Caused impact to the ecosystem especially to the fish during fish migrationLong duration of water impoundment caused impact to the navigation and the ecosytemLong duration of construction caused negative impact to the river ecosystem especially to the fish

Low River Flow

Conflicting demand of the water use for distribution of water to the residents, navigation, irrigation and hydropower purpose.Insufficient quantity of water released caused problem to the river ecosystem and navigation River diversion caused problem to the river environmental flow

Figure 4.1: Problem-Tree

4.2.2Step 2: Stakeholder AnalysisIn problem analysis, the main problem and its cause and effect relationship has been identified and the problem tree has been established. After that stakeholder analysis has to carry out in order to identify to who address these problems and who actually impact on most. It is about asking the questions: Whose problem and if the project intervention strategy is proposed: Who will benefitBased on the available data and the problem tree that been established, it is found that many stakeholders as listed before play very important role and function in order to solves the problems.

Table 4.2: List of stakeholderNoStakeholdersInterest or objectives

1.Sarawak Energy Berhad (SEB) The owner of the Baram Hydropower Development

2.Sarawak River Board (SRB)-

-

Prevention of river pollution, conservation and rehabilitation.River remains safe and clean for all beneficial purpose.

3.Public Works Department (JKR) To investigate, design, construct and maintain Civil Engineering Work such as dam, weir, bridges, wharves, roads aerodrome and waterworks. To advise the government at all levels on matters related to their function.

4.Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID) Responsibilities for engineering construction along the river.

3.Department of Environmental (DOE)--Monitoring the environmentalResponsible of environmental education and awareness.

5.Forest Department Sarawak-Environmental protection, protection and conservation of endangered wildlife and rare plants, establishment of National Parks and wildlife sanctuaries, and the control of the harvest of the permanent forest estate based on the principle of sustainable forest management.

6.Sarawak Tourism Board-To increase the contribution of the tourism industry through employment growth, diversifying the economic alleviate, property regional development and foster national integration.

9Mass Media-Giving information to the public.

10

General Public--

-User of the riverSafe and sufficient environmental flow at the river for all activities.Clean rivers

After all stakeholders has been listed, they are categorize as shown below.

Table 4.3: Category of Stakeholder (Stakeholder Analysis 2)No.Institution Interest Group

1.Sarawak State GovernmentCommunity/ General Public

2.Federal State Government

3.Mass mediaOwners

A closer look is taken of this group. They are Sarawak State Government, Community and General Public.

Table 4.4: Stakeholder Analysis 3State GovernmentCommunity and General Public

Problem1.Inadequate Environmental Flow 1. Economic losses which will affect the river flow.2. Unsafe navigation caused by the low river flow.

InterestTo provide adequate environmental flow Adequate environmental flow in the river for the navigation facilities and preservation of the ecosystem.

PotentialAble to influence the problemCan caused low river flow due to the dam development

Linkage Dependent on the cooperation of communityParticipation in Hydropropower and Water Resources Development.

4.2.3Step 3: Objectives AnalysisIn this step the problem tree in step 1 are reformulated as positive statements and become objectives tree as shown in figure 4.2 below.

Sustain the river ecosystemPreserve WildlifeEconomic Profit longer routelarger cargo sizeminimize time delay

Retain River Ecosystem Navigation Facilities

Adequate Environmental Flow in Batang Baram

Overhaul the Existing River ConditionMinimize Dam Construction Impact on the Environmental flow through Integrated River Basin Management

Build a gorge along the shoreline to minimize the riverbank erosion hazardDam Construction StageOperational StageImpoundment Stage

Proper irrigationProper river basin managementRelease sufficient amount of water

Reliable water supplyMinimize the duration of water impoundementProper Construction Mgt during construction

Dredging the river to increase the river depth

Figure 4.2: Objective-Tree4.2.4Step 4: Alternative AnalysisAlternative 1 Dredging the river to increase the river depthAlternative 2 Build a rocky shoreline (Gorge) to minimize rivebank erosion hazardAlternative 3 Integrated water resource management

Alternative 1 is to increase the low flow of river to allow boating on upper Baram River.

Alternative 2 is to build rocky shoreline along the riverbank to minimize the erosion hazard caused by waves from water transport, logging activities and other activities.

Alternative 3 is to promotes development and water management to protect the environment, foster the economic growth and social welfare, and sustain the river ecosystem caused by the construction of dams which will affect the socio-economic and the ecosystem of the river.

The above option will be analyzed and the result is stated in table 4.5 below.Table 4.5: Alternative Analysis

Option 1Dredging WorkOption 2Rocky Shoreline (Gorge)Option 3Integrated Water Resource ManagementOption 41+2Option 51+3Option 62+3Option 71+2+3

CostHighSmallSmallHighHighSmallHigh

Chance of SuccessHighMediumSmallHighHighMediumHigh

BenefitHighMediumSmallHighHighMediumHigh

Project Timeline LongShortLongLongLongLongLong

Social RiskMediumSmallSmallMediumMediumMediumSmall

Option 4: Combine the dredging method and building the gorge along the river. This combination have hign chance of success, but the impact to the social is not in optimum level. Option 5: Combine the dredging method and Integrated Water Resource Management have a high chance of success, but without the gorge, there will still be risk to the local.Option 6: Combine the Integrated Water Resource Management and building the gorge along the river have medium chance of success. The dredging is important in keeping the river level constant.Option 7: Combine all the suggestion, which are dredging the river, building the gorge and imply the Integrated Water Resource Management. This combination have a high chance of success and the impact to the social is minimum.

From the analysis, option 7 is chosen because it has a better chance of succees and have minimal social impact. This combination can help in achieveng optimum results.

4.2.5Step 5 : Identify The External Factor4.2.5.1Overall ObjectiveThe overall objective for this project is to tally the environmental flow at Baram River with the potential dam construction.

4.2.5.2Specific ObjectiveThe specific objectives for this project is to improve the navigation facilities and sustain the river ecosytem.

4.2.5.3Result (Output)The output for this project is to overhaul the existing river condition and to minimize the dam construction impact on the environmental flow in Batang Baram.

4.2.5.4Activity (Solution)1. Dredging the river to increase the river depth2. Build a rocky shoreline (Gorge) to minimize rivebank erosion hazard3. Integrated water resource management

4.2.6Step 6 : Assumption The assumption that have been made are shown as in the table 4.6 below.

Table 4.6: AssumptionActivities (Solution)Assumption (Activities to Output)

1. Planning and implementation dredging work for passage to Miri Port.

2. Gorge along the river shoreline

3. Integrated water resource management

Fund is available The tender of construction successfully to select the contractor. Storage capacities for disposal area are available Proper operation of dredging work toward ensuring the disposal method and area fulfilled EIA requirement. All stakeholders participate and concern

Results (Output)Assumption (Output to Specific Objectives)

1. overhaul the existing river condition

2. minimize the dam construction impact on the environmental flow in Batang Baram. All stakeholders carry out preservation of the construction area Policies and regulation approved by government

Purpose (Specific Objectives)Assumption (Specific to Overall Objectives)

1. to improve the navigation facilities

2. sustain the river ecosytem The river flow allow boating on upper Baram River The river allow the fish migration The river helps reduced flood flows

Goal (Overall Objectives)Assumption

Tally the environmental flow at Baram River with the potential dam construction.

4.2.7Step 7 : Identify the Indicators and Means of Verification

The indicators and means verification that have been identified are shown in the table 4.7 below.Table 4.7: Indicators and Means Verification

Activities IndicatorMeansMeans of Verificationor cost

1.Planning and implementation dredging work for passage

- Consultant- Dredging equipment and operation- Environment Impact Assessment study-Sarawak River Board Report

2.Build a rocky shoreline (Gorge)/ retaining wall to minimize rivebank erosion hazardEnvironment Impact Assessment study-Baram Dam EIA Report

3.Integrated water resource managementEnvironment Impact Assessment studyBaram Dam EIA Report

Output

5.to overhaul the existing river condition New ordinance by Sarawak State Government Sarawak River Board Annual Report.

6.to minimize the dam construction impact on the environmental flow in Batang Baram.Environmental Impact Assesment Study Baram Dam EIA Report.

Specific Objective

9.to improve the navigation facilities - Tonnage ships increase.- Increase tourist

- Sarawak Tourism Board.- Sarawak River Board Report

10.sustain the river ecosytem Environmental impact Assesment Study New ordinance by Sarawak State Government Sarawak River Board Report Baram Dam EIA Report

Overall Objective

12.Tally the environmental flow at Baram River with the potential dam construction. River ecosystem will be sustain as authorized Navigation facilities will be improvedBaram Dam EIA Report

4.2.8Step 8 : Filling Up the Logical Framework MatrixThis is final step in Logical Framework Approach. In this step the Logical Framework will be filling up as a Matrix four by four as shown in table 4.6 (Logical Framework Matrix)

Table 4.8: Logical Framework Matrix for Adequate Environmental Flow at Baram RiverObjective SummaryObjective IndicatorMeans of VerificationAssumption

Overall ObjectiveTally environmental flow at Baram River with the potential dam construction. River ecosystem will be sustain as authorized Navigation facilities will be improved Baram Dam EIA Report Sarawak River Board Annual Report

Specific Objective1. to improve the navigation facilities

2. sustain the river ecosytem Tonnage ship with depth more than 3 meters be able navigable through Baram River especially upper river at Kuala Baram Increase the tourist attraction by preserving the river ecosystem especially the river area near the Mulu National Park. Sarawak Tourism Board. Sarawak River Board Report Baram Dam EIA ReportSpecific to Overall Objectives The river flow allow boating on upper Baram River The river allow the fish migration The river have controls during low river flows and flooding season

.Output1. Overhaul the existing river condition.2. Minimize the dam construction impact on the environmental flow in Batang Baram. New ordinance by Sarawak State Government Environmental Impact Assesment Study Sarawak River Board Annual Report. Baram Dam EIA Report.

Outputs to Specific Objectives All stakeholders carry out preservation of the construction area Policies and regulation approved by government

Activities1. Planning and implementation dredging work for passage 2. Build Gorge along the river shoreline3. Integrated water resource managementMeans Consultant and Engineers Environment Impact Assessment study Construction materials Equipment Labour

Costs Budget required Operation Cost Other pre condition requirement. Approval of detail design. Approval from Department Drainage and Irrigation to build building along Baram River Reserve.Activities to Outputs Fund is available The tender of construction successfully to select the contractor. Storage capacities for disposal area are available Proper operation of dredging work toward ensuring the disposal method and area fulfilled EIA requirement. All stakeholders participate and concern

CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS

5.0IntroductionThis chapter will summarized and conclude the Planning Analysis of the Hydropower Environmental Flow in Baram River and gives the recommendation based on the study.

5.1ConclusionsThe Baram River is one of the major river basin in Sarawak, it is also the second longest river in Sarawak, after the Rajang River. Baram River is the major route that connects places along Ulu Baram, it also leads to the Sarawak National Park, Mulu Caves. The environmental flow of Baram River needs to be sustained, due to the endangered wildlife species that lives along the river ,for the safety and health and for the navigation fascilities of the local residents of Ulu Baram.

The proposed Baram dam is likely to be built on the stretch of the Baram River between Long Nahaah and Long Keseh, subject to confirmation of the site investigations and the Social and Environmental Impact (SEIA) study which has been carried out by the Sarawak Energy Berhad (SEB). It is a hydroelectric project (HEP) that uses the power of the flow of water through turbines (four sets of Francis turbine generating units) to generate 1,000 MW of electricity. The Baram dam is a Roller-Compacted Concrete dam with a height of 150m and a catchment area of 8,978km2. The size of the reservoir is 388km2.

There are some issues and problem regarding the hydropower development in the Baram River. The construction and operation of the hydropower dam affect the river environment, especially the inland navigation for the villagers along the Baram river.

The Planning Analysis Hydropower Environmental Flow in Baram River, using the Logical Framework Analysis (LFA), assumes that the environmental flow are instruments of a change. The problem analysis with the focal problem Inadequate Environmental Flow in Baram River has been constructed and the cause of the problem were identified, which are due to existing river condition and the dam construction; during construction stage, impoundment stage, and operational stage. These can leads to the navigation problem and river ecosystem damage.

From the problem analysis, the objective analysis were established. The overall objective for the study is to achieve Adequate Environmental Flow in Baram River. The specific objectives for the study are to improve the navigation fascilities and sustain the river ecosystem. From the objectives, the solution were determined and identified, which are to overhaul the existing river condition and minimize the dam construction impact on the environmental flow in Batang Baram.The alternatives analysis were obtained from the objective analysis. Three alternatives were established, which are ; Alternative 1 Dredging the river to increase the river depth, Alternative 2 Build a rocky shoreline (Gorge) to minimize rivebank erosion hazard, Alternative 3 Integrated water resource management.

The three (3) alternatives were analyzed to choose which are the better solution to achieve the objectives. From the analysis, the three (3) option were to be combined to achieve better results.

From this study, it can be concluded that, the Hydropower Development at the Ulu Baram does bring the positive social-economic impacts to the undeserved community. The dam construction is able to keep the river level constant and improved the river level especially at the upper Baram River , which is very important for the navigation and the river ecosystem. These can leads to the better economic profit for the community.

5.3RecommendationBased on the past experience from the construction of Bakun Dam, the people nearby were facing water shortage problem during the water impoundment process. This affect their daily routine such as; cleaning, drinking, feeding animals, irrigation and so on, and they were having difficulties in navigation, which cause them having food supply shortage. These problems can be a guidance to handle the same problem that may be occur during the construction of Baram Dam.

The first recommendation that can be made is, construct proper road access along Ulu Baram that connects to each village without using the inland navigation. This helps in giving fascilities for the villagers to link to the outside. This can help them to have enough supply for their daily needs such as food, goods and etc. The road should be construct before constructing the dam to avoid difficulties for the villagers.The second recommendation,is to implement proper water resource management, which helps in giving enough clean water supply for their daily needs such as, cleaning, drinking, irrigation and etc.

These two recommendation may be useful for the villagers during the construction and impoundment stage of the hydropower dam. During the operating stage of the hydropower, the recommendation that can be made is to give free water and electric supply to the villagers that reside nearby the Baram Dam. This can be considered as offering for the villagers.

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