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INDUSTRIAL SOCIOLOGYThe sociological study of social relationships andsocial structures in business settings.

Industrial sociology (also known as "sociology oforganizations or industrial relations" or sociology ofwork) is both a study of the interaction of peoplewithin industry (e.g. boss-subordinate, inter-departmental, and management-union relations) and,on a macro sociological scale, the study of the impactof industrialization on whole societies.

UNIT-1CHAPTER-1CONCEPT OF INDUSTRIAL SOCIOLOGY Sociology includes two terms, Industrial &Sociology. The term Industrial means concerningthe industry. The word industry is derived from the Latin wordIndustria which means dexterity &resourcefulness. It is thus clear that industry is that techniqueunder which anything is done efficiently &

smoothly. Resourcefulness implies use of machinery, rawmaterial etc, in economic manner. Sociology deals with society & society is nothingbut a different name of social relations. Thussociology pertains to or deals with socialrelations. In sociology all kinds of social relation arestudied. It should also kept in mind, thatsociology is a scientific study employing scientificmethodology and techniques in its study of socialrelation.

INDUSTRIAL SOCIOLOGY AND SOCIOLOGY Both are sciences Both use scientific methods and techniques Both focus on human relations Conclusions obtained by both are similar andparallelDIFFERENCES BETWEEN SOCIOLOGY ANDINDUSTRIAL SOCIOLOGY Scope of sociology are much wider than that of IS Sociology study wide spectrum IS studies the limited area only that is industryIS AND ECONOMICS ECONOMICS study the economic aspect

of society and industry. It is concerned with economic relations

IS AND INDUSTRIAL PSYCHOLOGYIP studies the human behaviour in industrial firms. Itstudies how the human behaves in an organizationwhen come in contact with different individuals.IS AND ANTHROPOLOGY Anthropology studies the origin and development ofhuman cultures

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Study norms, values system, sentiments,interactions , group cohesiveness.SUBJECT MATTER OF INDUSTRIALSOCIOLOGYIndustrial organization ( compared to anorgan)Basic elements of organization1. components2. adjustment between components3.purposive activityTypes of organization1.Formal organization2. informal organizationLevels of organization

FORMAL ORGANIZATION

PRINCIPLES OF INDUSTRIALORGANIZATION Henry Fayol has given fourteen principles ofindustrial organization- Division of work Authority and responsibility

Discipline Unity of command Unity of direction Subordination of individual interests to generalinterests

Remuneration of personnel Centralization Scalar chain Order Equity Stability of tenure of personnel Initiative

Team spiritFACTORS AFFECTING INDUSTRIALPRODUCTION Personal factors1 . Psychological factorsi. Motivationii. Incitementiii. Interestiv. Incitementv. Reward and punishmentvi. Coordinationvii. Establishing rapport between the workersviii. blocking

2. Physiological factorsi. Health and capacity of organii. Fastingiii. Sleepiv. Drug addictionv. Use of tobacco

3. Environmental factorsi. Light

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it investigates the law related to man & his behaviors. the fundamental elements of social science arepsychologically related. the basic elements of social science are mental state andbehavior the study of society in social science have comparativelyless exactness. it is difficult to construct laboratory for social science.Society is their laboratory. Physical science the physical science search for physical laws in naturalphenomena. there is no equivalent in physical science. the basic elements of physical science have physicalrelation. physical science can make prediction high degree ofexactness. there is a greater possibility of measurementSCOPE OF INDUSTRIAL SOCIOLOGY

A. Internal relationsIn Industrial sociology we study the social or interpersonal

relation among individual connected directly or indirectlywith industry. The owner, the managerial staff and the

labor are the examples. Formal relations : formal relation are those relationwhich are established between individuals in an industryon account of their work and position. It excludes personalrelation and determined by hierarchical order in theindustry. Informal relations : the personal and individualizedrelation among the member of the management and theemployees are called informal relations. These relationsmay obtained among individuals or among group. Mixed relation : some relation which are neither purelyformal nor purely informal are called mixed relation. Alsotermed as social technical or socio-functional relation.

B. External industrial relation : a particularindustry has relation with other industries,government and various social agencies,educational institutes etc. such relations areknown as external industrial relations.IMPORTANCE OF INDUSTRIAL SOCIOLOGY

Increase in knowledge: Increase in scientific knowledge : Remedies to problems of industrial society I Stability of industrial society Help in personality integration :

Aid to familial integration : Choice of occupation : Social and labor welfare : Industrial Planning : Peace and prosperity :VALUE OF INDUSTRIAL SOCIOLOGY IN INDIA Knowledge of the labor class. labor welfare problems of urbanization problems of industrialization

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division of labor. family reorganization economic progress social welfare development of labor organization rationalization nationalization industrial management problems of automation employer-employee relationship labor legislation national peace and progress industrial planning international relationship

CHAPTER -2DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIAL SOCIOLOGY FOUNDATIONS OF INDUSTRIALSOCIOLOGY PSYCHOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF IS Utility of psychology in industry Understanding individual differences Personal adjustment with the environment

SOCIAL FOUNDATIONS OF IS Industrial worker and social progress Workers department and welfare schemes industrial management as a science Economic foundations of IS

ECONOMIC FOUNDATIONS OFINDUSTRIAL SOCIOLOGY Economic factors have also played a veryimportant part in the evolution of industrialsociology IS also helped in solving the economic problemsof the workers.

An employer needs to create such conditions inwhich the morale and efficiency of workers can bemaintained Taylor give the principles of scientific managementwhich says The development of a science for every element toremove the old fashioned methods Selection of most suitable individual for a specific job Humanistic relationship between management andworkers to get the best out of workers Division of labor between the management andworkers so that all the responsibility do not fell on theshoulder of one worker

ELEMENTS OF SCIENTIFICMANAGEMENT The main aim of scientific management is toimprove the conditions of work.i. Methods of increasing work in less timeii. Division of workiii. Use of appropriate toolsiv. Planning departmentv. Other rules in the organization

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vi. Time saving plansvii. Guidance of workerviii. different scales of payix. Giving importance to outstanding work&incentives for it.

THEORIES According to Marx, what distinguishes capitalistmode of production from the previous feudalmode of production is that labor becomes acommodity. When peasants became free to sell their ownlabor-power, and needed to do so because they nolonger possessed their own land or toolsnecessary to produce. People sell their labor-power when they acceptcompensation in return for whatever work theydo in a given period of time (in other words, theyare not selling the product of their labor, buttheir capacity to work). In return for selling their labor power, theyreceive money, which allows them to survive. Those who must sell their labor power to live are

proletarians. The person who buys the laborpower, generally someone who does own the landand technology to produce, is a capitalist orbourgeois.

Max Weber (1863-1920) The singular value, which defines all moderninstitution, according to Weber, isrationalization.. Rationalization is the process whereby anincreasing number of social actions andinteractions become based on considerations ofefficiency or calculation rather than on

motivations derived from custom, tradition, oremotion. It is conceived of as a core part of modernizationand as manifested especially in behavior in thecapitalist market; rational administration of the state andbureacracy; the extension of modern science; and theexpansion of modern technology. This rationalvalue in protestant ethic , according to Weberpropelled capitalist development