unit 1 biology ~ learning guide name:
TRANSCRIPT
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Unit 1 Biology ~ Learning Guide Name: ______________________
INSTRUCTIONS
Complete the following notes and questions as you work through the related lessons. You are required to have this package completed BEFORE you write your unit test. Do your best and ask questions about anything that you don't understand BEFORE you write the unit test.
1.1 Notes: Natural Selection
In this section you will be learning all about the theory of evolution. You will also learn about how organisms survive and interact with one another as well as the environment.
Terms to know:
1. ____________________
2. ____________________
3. ____________________
4. ____________________
5. ____________________
6. ____________________
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Species, Populations, and Traits
Species is a group of ______________ organisms that can ________________ offspring that will _________________ when mature enough to do so.
An example of a species is ______________.
A group of individual members of the same species living in the same area are referred to as a __________________________.
Each member of the group has specific ____________________ (specific feature), an example being size.
Evolution
Evolution refers to how a population ________________________ with each generation.
Evolution and Natural Selection
Natural selection is the __________________________ of evolution. Organisms that are better suited to a certain environment will _____________________ more than other organisms and ______________ those adaptations on to their ________________________.
An ___________________________ is a trait that has a functional role and allows the organism to be more successful than others in the population.
Darwin's Theory of Evolution
Watch the Video “Charles Darwin- The Theory of Natural Selection” and complete the following note:
_________________________ Darwin is the person who explained to the world his ideas about evolution.
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Darwin’s four conditions for evolution are:
1. ________________________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________________________
3. ________________________________________________________________________
4. ________________________________________________________________________
Individuals within a population differ
By observing a population, you can determine the traits that are _________________________ (exactly the same).
Look at the 4 individuals, all members of the caveman population, and record the traits that are different.
Picture A 1.
2.
Picture B 1.
2.
Picture C 1.
2.
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Picture D 1.
2.
Adaptation
Differences, or ___________________________, are passed down from parents pass down to their ________________________________.
Remember: An adaptation plays a ______________________________________ role allowing organisms to be more successful than others in the population.
Being able to _______________________ high is an adaptation trait.
Brawn vs. Brain
Watch the video: Jurassic CSI – Brain vs. Brawn, National Geographic and think about the question: Why are some individuals more successful than others?
Improvements
An organism can be considered successful if it survives the longest and ____________________ more.
The ability for an organism to blend in with its environment will increase the chance that the organism will ________________________ to reproduce.
Which rabbit living in the wooded area pictured, the brown or the white one, will be more successful? Explain your answer.
Factors
There are other factors that can influence natural selection.
1.
2.
3.
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4.
5.
1.1 Practice: Natural Selection
1. Write the numbers of all the animals that are from the same species.
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2. Name the different traits of each of the individuals from that species.
3. In the environment below, which individual from each species would be more successful? Explain your choice.
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1.2 Notes: Adaptive Radiation
Terms to Know:
1. ____________________________
2. ____________________________
3. ____________________________
4. ____________________________
What is adaptive radiation?
Adaptive radiation is a _____________________ in a species depending on the area they live in.
The Sidewinder Rattlesnake lives in the desert and has adapted to its environment by _________________________________ so that only two points of its body touch the hot sand at any time.
Watch the Video, The Amazing Sidewinder to observe how the snake moves.
The Niche Rule
The Niche Rule states that only one population can occupy a __________________________ in any given ______________________.
A ___________________________ is the role a species has in its environment. It includes all of the living and non-living interactions for that one _________________________________.
A ____________________________________ is a physical area that is inhabited by a particular species.
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An example of a niche would be sections of a tree where _____________________ might feed.
Darwin’s Finches
Charles Darwin studied the _____________________ of the Galapagos Islands.
Watch the Video, Evolution by Natural Selection- Darwin’s Finches. Complete the following sentence while watching the video: Evolution by natural selection is now widely agreed to be the most accurate _______________ to explain the origin and diversity of all ____________ on Earth.
Each Finch has different traits depending on the __________________ that was available to them in the area they lived in. He discovered that each of the Finches had different types of ________________. For example, the Large Ground Finches have _______________________ bills and eat ____________________________.
One Hump or Two?
Organisms need to _____________________ to their environment as it changes or as they move to new environments in order to _________________________________,
The camel lives in the _________________________, where food and water are not always easy to find. It has adapted to its environment by storing fat in its ______________________ that it can use as ________________ and ____________________ when needed.
1.2 Practice: Adaptive Radiation
Find and research an example of a species that shows adaptive radiation. Give a brief explanation of how they have benefited from their adaptations. (Attach pictures if you can!)
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1.3 Notes: Ecosystems
Terms to know: 1. __________________________
2. __________________________
Ecosystems
Ecosystems are formed through _________________________ between living and non-living things in a particular area.
Non-living parts of an ecosystem are things such as soil, ______________, wind, ____________, rocks, etc.
______________________________ are the effect that living and non-living things have on one another.
Interactions
Watch the Video, WCLN- Science- Food Web
Food Chains
In your lesson, arrange the organisms into the correct order for a food chain. Write your answer here:
__________________ à _________________ à _________________ à ________________
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Interactions
There are 5 categories of interactions between living organisms in an ecosystem:
1. ___________________________
2. ___________________________
3. ___________________________
4. ___________________________
5. ___________________________
Producers
Producers make their own _________________. They get their energy to produce their own food from the ________________________ parts of the ecosystem, such as the soil and the _____________________.
They also provide _______________________ for other organisms. _______________ are an example of producers.
Primary Consumers
Primary consumers need to eat ________________________ to get energy. Another name for a primary consumer is a _______________________. An example of a primary consumer is a ____________________.
Secondary Consumers
Secondary consumers need _______________________ to get energy. There are two types of secondary consumers, _______________________ and __________________________. An _________________________ eats both primary consumers and producers. An example of a carnivore is a _______________.
Tertiary Consumers
Tertiary consumers eat all secondary consumers, primary consumers and _______________________.
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They are at the ___________ of the food chain; this means that no other animals will _________ them. An example of a tertiary consumer is a _______________________________.
Matching
In your lesson, match the correct term on the left with its definition on the right.
Interactions Change
An organism’s interaction with the environment can change depending on what it ___________. A good example of an organism that changes interactions is a _______________.
List how the interactions for a bear change depending on what it eats:
1.____________________________________________________________________________
2.____________________________________________________________________________
3.____________________________________________________________________________
Omnivores and Carnivores
Omnivores eat ________________ (primary and secondary consumers) and ________________ (producers). Bears are _______________________; they eat primary consumers like moose as well as producers like berries. Carnivores only eat _________________ (primary and secondary consumers).
Food Web
Try removing different individuals from the food web and notice how the food web changes.
Decomposers
Organisms that break down dead or decaying organisms are called _______________________.
A good example is a _________________________________.
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1.3 Practice: Interactions
1. From the above ecosystem give an example of a producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, tertiary consumer, and decomposer.
2. From the examples you provided above. Are any of those organisms capable of changing their interaction? If so which ones and what interaction are the also capable of displaying?
3. Why is it important that organisms interact with the non-living parts of the ecosystem?
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1.4 Notes: Energy Flow
Terms to Know:
1. _______________________
2. _______________________
3. _______________________
4. _______________________
5. _______________________
6. _______________________
Energy Pyramids
_______________ provides energy for the organism to survive.
Watch the Video, Trophic Level Pyramid, and complete these notes:
Each layer of the energy pyramid is called a ________________ level. As you move up each trophic level, _____ % of the energy is lost, much as heat; only ______% is transferred to each layer above.
The production of energy begins with the _______________________ and is passed along to organisms from there. When _____________________ consumers (first level consumer) eat producers they get energy which is then passed on to ________________________ consumers (second level consumer) when they are eaten. The top of the pyramid are the ______________ consumers.
Dependencies
Watch the Video, Types of Ecological Pyramids and take notes, if needed.
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Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a very important interaction between _________________________ and the _______________________________ parts of the ecosystem.
Watch the Video, Photosynthesis in plants for children.
Plants use the process of ___________________ to convert water, sunlight and carbon dioxide to create their own food (________________) and release ______________________ into the environment. Oxygen is very important to all organisms because they need it to breathe like you and I do.
Decomposition
Decomposition is breakdown or decay of _________________________________. Another definition of decomposition could be the act of ________________________________ living things.
Producers feed off the ______________________________ that is produced by decomposition.
Energy Cycle
We have learned about living and non-living interactions individually. Looking at the picture, we can see how each interaction plays a role in the ________________________ of an ecosystem. ________________ is a way to show energy is produced.
We Are the Survivors
Watch the Video, We Are the Survivors.
Organisms need the following things to survive: _____________________, ________________, _________________________, and ________________________________________________.
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Space
Space is the area or _____________________ where organisms live. Sometimes this area gets ___________________________ and there is not enough room for all the organisms to survive; the smaller segments will have less __________________.
________________________________ is the amount of different living things in an ecosystem.
Food
There needs to be food produced so that organisms will have ___________________ to survive. The production of energy all starts with the ____________________________.
1.4 Practice: Energy Flow
1. What are the four things all organisms need to survive?
2. Give two examples of how humans can affect an ecosystem (can be negative or positive).
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3. In the following ecosystem what would happen if the pond water were poisoned?