Unit 1: Introductions, Foundations, and

Research Methods Review

Complex explanation based on findings form any studies is an….Theory

The concept of “unconscious determinants of behavior” is associated Sigmund Freud

A hypothesisIs an educated guess, part of the scientific method and has to be scientifically tested.

The first modern psychologist was….Wilhelm Wundt

Psychologists who use psychological principles to solve immediate problems are practicing

Applied Science

Participants in an experiment who are exposed to the independent variable make up the _____ group.

Experimental

When neither the participants nor the experimenter knows which group of participants is the experimental one, the study is known as.

Double-blind study

The variable that experimenters manipulate is called the _____ variable.

Independent

The cardinal rule of naturalistic observation is to

Avoid disturbing the participants

When researchers unwittingly bring about the situation they expected to find, they have created a Self-fulfilling prophecy

Developing detailed information about a person or small group’s background.

Case Study Method

Began the study of psychology by posing and answering questions.

Aristotle

The group that does not receive the experimental treatment or the independent variable.

Control Group

The factor the experimenter deliberately manipulates or controls which affects the dependent variable. Independent Variable

A group that receives the experimental treatment or the independent variable. Experimental group

A statement of the results expected by the experimenter.

Hypothesis

A group that represents a larger group. Sample

Studying people face to face and asking questions.

Interview

Diagnose and treat mental and behavioral disorders.Clinical psychology

Studying subjects without their being aware of the fact.

Naturalistic Observation

Researcher’s preconceived notions influence the subject’s behavior and/or the interpretations of results.

Experimenter bias

Conduct lab research in all areas of psychology.

Experimental psychology

Study relationship between people and their work environment.

Industrial psychology

Describe, explain, predict, and control behavior and mental processes.

Goals of Psychology

Inspired scientists to study animals to understand human behavior.

Darwin

The factor that changes as a result of what the experimenter does.

Dependent Variable

Study of human and animal behavior.

Psychology

Subject’s response to a treatment is due to subject’s expectations about the treatment rather than the actual treatment itself. Placebo Effect

William James established the first psychology lab.

False

Clinical psychologists usually work in schools.

False

B.F. Skinner is a behavioral psychologist.

True

Carl Rogers is a proponent of the humanist school of psychology.

true

Sigmund Freud is a cognitive psychologist.

False

Descriptive research methods seek to explain casual relationships.

False

A disadvantage of a lab experiment is that it can be artificial and contrived. True

A survey is a psychological test used to gather information from a group of people. False

Experimenter bias can be overcome with the use of the double-mute technique. False

Selection bias can be overcome with the use of random assignment. True

According to APA research guidelines, it is okay if a human subject is harmed in the course of a psychology experiment as long as there isn’t extreme damage. False

APA research guidelines require that human subjects be debriefed so that all negative effects of the experiment are removed. True

Researchers must do everything possible to minimize discomfort, pain, and illness in animal subjects. True

Behavior is viewed as a reflection of internal personal growth. Humanistic

Behavior is viewed in terms of physiological response.

Biological

Behavior is viewed as a product of various internal thoughts.

Cognitive

Behavior is viewed as a product of learned responses.

Behavioral

Behavior is viewed as a reflection of unconscious aggressive and sexual impulses.

Psychoanalytical

The environment shapes behavior.

Behavioral

Humans have a high level of free will.

Humanistic

The unconscious motivates behavior.

Psychoanalytical

Identify and provide an example of the four goals of psychology.

Describe, Explain, Predict and Influence. Examples will vary. Be certain that students correctly distinguish between explaining and predicting behavior.

What are the differences and the similarities between a psychiatrist and a psychologist?

A psychiatrist is a medical doctor and can prescribe medications. A psychologist usually has a doctorate in a specialized area of psychology. Members of both professions test, evaluate, and treat many of the same kinds of psychological disorders.

Be able to identify the following: the hypothesis, independent variable, dependent variable, experimental group and the control group in an experiment.