Unit 1 : Science Processes

1.0 Science Process Skills: A collection of thinking skills which help

scientists solve problems.

1.1 Observing: Using your five senses.A. Sight B. Smell C. Taste D. Touch E. Hearing

-Observations must be free from any inferences.Example: Only record what you see, not what you think you see.

• 1.2 Communicating: To give and receive information. Describes only what is observed.

Ways of Communicating…A. Speech B. Writing C. Pictures D. Graphs E. Maps

• 1.4 Organizing: Grouping information by ordering or classifying.

– Ordering (in a line)• Alphabetical……. A-Z• Height…………….. Small- Tall• Age………………….Young to Old

– Classifying (in a group)• Hair Color……. Brown, Black, Blond, Red• Eye Color…….. Blue, Brown, Hazel/Green• Sex……………… Boys, Girls

Science Vocabulary

1.5 Science: The search for answers to questions about nature.

1.6 Logy: (a suffix) The study of….

1.7 Biology: The study of life.

1.8 Botany: The study of plants.

1.9 Zoology: The study of animals.

1.10 Organism: Any living thing.

1.11 Microbiology: The study of organisms under the microscope.

1.12 Environment: The surroundings in which an organism lives.

1.13 Anatomy: The study of body’s parts. (heart, stomach)

1.14 Physiology: The study of the functions of the body. (how stomach digests food)

1.15 Applied Science: Investigating things that would be of value to human race….a cure for cancer.

1.16 Pure Science: Investigating things out of curiosity…going to Mars.

1.17 Scientific Method: The steps scientist use when solving a problem.

1. Purpose: State the problem.2. Hypothesis: Make a guess based on your

past experience or research.3. Experiment: Develop a procedure to test

the hypothesis.4. Analysis: Record the results of the experiment.5. Conclusion: Compare hypothesis to the

results.

Scientific Method Example:

1. Purpose: What will stop the milk from turning sour? 2. Hypothesis: Refrigeration will stop the milk from

souring.3. Experiment: Place 1 cup milk on counter (control)

Place 1 cup milk in fridge (variable) Wait 24 hours and Compare milk by tasting

4. Analysis/Data: Milk on counter….. Turned sourMilk in fridge………Didn’t sour

5. Conclusion: Since milk in the fridge didn’t sour the hypothesis was confirmed.

Another Example:1. Purpose: What makes bread rise?2. Hypothesis: __________________________3. Experiment: Control-___________________

Variable-__________________

4. Analysis/Data:

5. Conclusion:

Another Example:1. Purpose: What makes bread rise?2. Hypothesis: Yeast makes it rise.3. Experiment: Control- Make bread with yeast

Variable- Make bread without yeast

4. Analysis/Data: Bread with yeast…rises Bread without yeast…doesn’t rise

5. Conclusion: Since the variable did not rise, yeast must make bread rise. Hypothesis is confirmed.

Measurement 1.18 Metric Mass and Weight = gram

smallest to largest…milligram gram kilogram

1.19 Weight = a measurement of the pull of gravity on an object.

1.20 Mass = the amount of matter an object contains.

Example: Jose is 12 years old and lives in San Diego.

Weight MassJose on earth 60 kg 60kgJose in outer space 0kg 60kgJose on the moon 10 kg 60 kg

1.21 Metric Length and Distance = the meter

Shortest to Longest…

millimeter centimeter kilometer 1/1000 1/100 1000X

1.22 Volume = the amount of space an object takes up.

1.23 Measuring volume of a liquid = liter.

smallest to largest…

milliliters liter kiloliter

1.24 Temperature = Celsius / Fahrenheit

212°F or 100°C B Boiling point of water

32°F or 0°C F Freezing point of water