Unit 1Seeds of Change

Ch. 6 Sections 1 and 2:Ideas About Government

Scientific RevolutionEnlightenment Ideas

Supplement:Geography/Maps

QoD - What is the Purpose of Government?

Ancient Greeks:“To improve the lives of

citizens”

Government is necessary to the existence of a civilized society

DEFINITION“The political direction

and control exercised over the members of society”

European Government Through the 1700’s

Monarchies most powerful ◦(Autocratic Rule)

Great divide between the “haves” and “have-nots”

Very little chance for people to change this

What does science have to do with this change?

Scientific Revolution

A new way of looking at the natural world, based on observation and a willingness to QUESTION accepted beliefs

THE CHURCH◦Loses much power◦WHY???

Scientific Method

A new, logical approach to collecting and analyzing data

1. Question 2.Hypothesis 3. Test 4.Analysis

Heliocentric vs Geocentric Theories

Geocentric

Heliocentric

Identify the Scientific Method

As a result of the Scientific Revolution,

People begin to question…..

EVERYTHING!Even Their Governments!!

Changes today!!!HW – Respond to PromptIdentify two changes you would make to our government today that you believe would be beneficial to the greatest number of people. Explain your changes and your rationale

QoD - WOULD YOU RATHER…

Have your civil rights and freedomsOR

Have Security and Protection?

Can your government EFFECTIVELY provide both?

“Those that desire to give up freedom in order to gain security will not have, nor do they deserve,

either one.”

Benjamin Franklin

Differing Views of Government:The “Philosophes” Political thinkers who developed their own ideas about the purpose of government

AristotleNiccolo Machiavelli Thomas Hobbes John LockeRene Descartes

VoltaireBaron MontesquieuJean-Jacques RousseauMary WollstonecraftJames Madison

The Age of Reason

Philosophers apply reason and scientific approach to all other areas of life

“Enlightened Thinkers”◦The Philosophes◦Enlightened Despots

◦The Enlightenment

J.J. Rousseau

The Philosophes Analysis and Chart

Quick bio – Born, Died, education, etc

Famous work of literature

Philosophic Ideas

Beliefs about Government

A Quote that summarizes ideas

Ideas today ◦ U.S. Constitution?

Declaration of Independence?

◦ U.S. Society/Beliefs◦ Other countries?

AristotlePolitics

◦ Politics is an organism, NOT a machine

Gives people the opportunity for a good life

Community is most important

Man is governed by Natural Laws◦ Ethics and morality

“Man is by nature a political animal, it is his nature to live in a state”

Nicolo Machiavelli

The Prince

About leaders (“Princes”) he saw in his travels

A “guidebook” for rulers◦Shrewd Manipulative◦Selfish

Princes are NOT concerned with what is morally right, but in maintaining their own power

“The ends justify the means”

Thomas HobbesLeviathan

People are born evil and selfish, so….

People need a strong gov’t (Monarch)

People give up rights for protection by the government

Social Contract THEORY

John Locke

Two Treatises on Gov’t

People are born w/ Three Natural Rights◦ Life◦ Liberty◦ Property

Government should protect these rights

IF NOT, the people may overthrow the government

Rene Descartes

Discourse on the Method

Based his ideas on Science

People must change their old ideas

Doubt everything until proven

“I think, therefore I am”

VoltaireCandide

◦ Realistic portrayal

Attacked the Catholic Church Freedom of:

◦ Religion◦ Expression

Separation of Church and State

“I do not agree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it”

Baron Montesquieu

On the Spirit of Laws

Checks and balances

Separation of powers

“Power should be a check to power”

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

The Social Contract

Agreed w/ Locke

People should govern themselves, but most governments prohibit it

“Man is born free and everywhere he is in chains”

Mary Wollstonecraft

A Vindication of the Rights of Woman

Equal rights for women – better education needed

A society based on reason and logic

“Strengthen the female mind by enlarging it, and there will be an end to blind obedience.”

Side note:◦ Daughter is Mary Shelley (Frankenstein)

James Madison

Bill of RightsU.S. Constitution

Father of the Constitution

Representative government

Designed the Federal System

“Liberty may be endangered by the abuse of liberty, but also by the abuse of power”

Enlightenment Ideas

LibertyEqualityNatural RightsLogic and reason

There is Revolution on people’s minds◦A CHANGE is gonna come

No monarchy is safe

“The Prince”and Machiavelli

If you were a “Prince”, would you rather be feared or loved?◦ConsiderYour presidentYour bossYour teacherYour coachYour parents

Feared or Loved Debate XTRA CREDIT

Develop your argument◦4 supporting ideas◦4 examples

1 intro speaker1 speaker for each support/example

Q & A1 conclusion

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5758

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Map Quiz

1. France2. Poland3. Vietnam4. Cuba5. Pakistan6. Israel7. Congo (DRC)8. North Korea9. Colombia10. Afghanistan

11. Argentina12. Berlin13. Washington DC14. Hiroshima15. Kigali16. Suez Canal17. Battle of El Alamein18. Deng’s Four

Modernizations19. The Boer Wars20. The Salt March

XTRA CREDIT (2 parts)

CB South AND THE YEAR IT OPENS ITS DOORS TO STUDENTS

QoD - What is the Purpose of Government?

Preamble to the U.S. Constitution

“We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.”

In your words – 5 purposes of government that are discussed in the Preamble