UNIT 10Chapter 29 – The Great War

WORLD WAR I

CHAPTER 29The Great War, 1914–1918

Several factors lead to World War I, a conflict that devastates Europe and has a major impact on the world.

Allied soldiers climbing over trenches on first day of the costly Battle of the Somme

(July 1, 1916).

SECTION 1

SECTION 2

SECTION 3

SECTION 4

Marching Toward War

Europe Plunges into War

A Global Conflict

A Flawed Peace

OBJECTIVESCORE OBJECTIVE: Analyze the causes and

effects of World War I.

Objective 10.2: Describe the military events that developed on the Western and Eastern fronts.

Objective 10.3: Analyze the how the conflict goes global and the Allies push to victory.

Objective 10.4: Identify the effects of the Versailles treaty on European powers.

THEME: At the beginning of the 20th century, a terrible war begins in Europe that will claim over 8 million lives.

CAUSES OF WWI

History.com video http://

www.history.com/videos/causes-of-world-war-i

Chapter 29 SECTION 2 – EUROPE PLUNGES INTO WAR

One European nation after another is drawn into a large and industrialized war that results in

many casualties.

WAR BEGINS

Armies on the March Russia moves troops to its borders with Austria and Germany Germany declares war on Russia, quickly attacks France Great Britain declares war on Germany

Nations Take Sides By mid-August 1914, two sides at war throughout Europe:

Central Powers — Germany, Austria-Hungary (and other nations)

Allies — Britain, France, Russia (and other nations)

However, by September 1914, the war had reached a stalemate, a situation in which neither side is able to gain an advantage.

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The War in Europe, 1914–1918

STALEMATE

Western Front — heavy battle zone in northern FranceSchlieffen Plan — German plan to defeat France, then fight

Russia With the Schlieffen Plan, Germany nearly takes Paris

Germany forced to retreat at First Battle of the Marne Schlieffen Plan fails; Germany has to fight two-front war

The schlieffen plan

NEW WEAPONS

Neither soldiers nor officers were prepared for the new, highly efficient killing machines (ex – machine guns) used in World War I. Machine guns, hand grenades, artillery shells, and poison gas

killed thousands of soldiers who left their trenches to attack the enemy.

New weapons only lead to more deaths

Massive losses for both sides at 1916 battles of Verdun and Somme Verdun (Feb. 1916): 600,000 die for Germans to gain 4 miles of land

New Weaponry dramatically increases death totals: Poison Gas, Machine Guns, Tanks, Submarines

FlameThrowers

FlameThrowers

GrenadeLaunchersGrenade

Launchers

Poison Gas

Poison Gas

Machine Gun

Machine Gun

TRENCH WARFARE

Conflict descends into trench warfare — armies fighting from trenches (ditches dug into the ground) Battles result in many deaths, small land gains Life in trenches is miserable, difficult, unsanitary

German Trenches

NO MAN’S LAND

Opposing trenches were separated by an empty “no man’s land.” This describes the area of land between two enemy trench

systems to which neither side wished to move openly or to seize due to fear of being attacked by the enemy in the process.

Small gains in land resulted in huge numbers of human casualties.

FAST FACTS: LIFE IN THE TRENCHES

What was life like in a trench?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j8HmPNgOC2Q

Trench WarfareTrench Warfare

STRUCTURE OF TRENCHES

Structure and Conditions of Trenches

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FvYIIuxh2kY

THE EASTERN FRONT

Early Fighting Eastern Front — site of main fighting along the German-

Russian border Russians push into Austria and Germany, but soon forced to

retreat

Russia Struggles Russia’s war effort suffering by 1916; many casualties, few

supplies Huge size of Russian army keeps it a formidable force prevents Germany from sending more troops to the Western

Front

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The War in Europe, 1914–1918

War in Europe—Assessment

What is a stalemate?

(A) When countries come together to make treaties outlawing war

(B) a new style of war that uses new technologies like poison gas

(C) a type of warfare fought in underground ditches

(D) a situation in which neither side is able to gain an advantage

Which of these is best describes the eastern front?

(A) German plan to defeat France, then fight Russia

(B) heavy battle zone in northern France

(C) site of main fighting along the German-Russian border

(D) a situation in which neither side is able to gain an advantage

War in Europe—Assessment

What is a stalemate?

(A) When countries come together to make treaties outlawing war

(B) a new style of war that uses new technologies like poison gas

(C) a type of warfare fought in underground ditches

(D) a situation in which neither side is able to gain an advantage

Which of these is best describes the eastern front?

(A) German plan to defeat France, then fight Russia

(B) heavy battle zone in northern France

(C) site of main fighting along the German-Russian border

(D) a situation in which neither side is able to gain an advantage