UNIT 10

LEVEL F

Noun

Definition: a critical or explanatory note or comment, especially for a literary work

Sentence: When reading a text, making annotations, comments or notes directly on the text can be beneficial.

ANNOTATION

Noun

Definition: a state or scene of uproar and confusion

Synonyms: commotion, pandemonium, chaos, anarchy

Antonyms: peace and quiet, order, tranquility

Sentence: After the San Francisco Giants won the World Series in 2014, bedlam broke out amongst team members and pandemonium ensued.

BEDLAM

Adjective and Noun

Definition: (adj.) hidden, disguised, purposefully kept secret; sheltered, secluded; (n.) a sheltered place, a hiding place

Synonyms: (adj.) undercover, clandestine, sub-rosa

Antonyms: (adj.) open, overt, undisguised

Sentence: In the television show “Covert Affairs,” Annie Walker is a CIA agent who often must hide her identify and disguise her real mission to protect national security.

COVERT

AdjectiveDefinition: pleasant, courteous, lighthearted; smooth and polished in manner and appearanceSynonyms: carefree, jaunty, gracious, suave, urbane Antonyms: distraught, agitated, boorish

Sentence: Prince William’s appearance is always smooth and polished as he looks debonair dressed in his morning suit.

DEBONAIR

Adjective

Definition: accidental, occurring by a happy chance

Synonyms: unintentional, unplanned, random, lucky

Antonyms: intentional, deliberate premeditated

Sentence: Due to the fortuitous drop in oil prices many families will be lucky enough to travel this holiday season.

FORTUITOUS

Noun

Definition: the essential part, main point, or essence

Synonyms: substance, core, nucleus

Sentence: When reading a newspaper article it is important to get the gist of the information because understanding the main point improves reading comprehension skills.

GIST

Adjective

Definition: overbearing, arrogant; seeking to dominate; pressing, compelling

Synonyms: domineering, magisterial, urgent, imperative

Antonyms: fawning, obsequious, humble, unassuming

Sentence: The Wizard of Oz’s imperious manner masked the reality that he was simply an ordinary man hiding behind a curtain who tried to fool people with his overbearing and domineering personality.

IMPERIOUS

Adjective or Noun

Definition: (adj.) showing great variety; composed of different elements or many colors; (n.) a jester’s costume; a jester

Synonyms: (adj.) variegated, heterogeneous, diverse; (n) fool

Antonyms: (adj.) homogenous, monochromatic

Sentence: In the Middle Ages, court jester’s often wore motley, a costume composed of many different colors.

MOTLEY

Verb

Definition: to delay, put off until later

Synonyms: stall, temporize, dillydally

Sentence: We all want to procrastinate when a task is no fun, but some people make delaying the enviable a way of life and procrastination an art.

PROCRASTINATE

Adjective

Definition: tending to produce a strong feeling or response; arousing desire or appetite; irritating, annoying

Synonyms: stimulating, arousing, vexing, galling

Antonyms: dull, insipid, bland, unstimulating

Sentence: Lady Gaga’s outfits are often very provocative producing strong feelings in her fans of either approval or dismay.

PROVOCATIVE

Adjective

Definition: characterized by or calling for continued sitting; remaining in one place

Synonyms: static, stationary

Antonyms: active

Sentence: Couch potatoes are characterized by their sedentary state, remaining in one place for long periods of time glued to the television.

SEDENTARY