Unit 1&2 Anatomy and physiology

Starter Activity

In pairs, write down as many structures of the cardiovascular system as you can. Once you get stuck, begin to ask other students who you are sat near to.

Learning Objectives

For all students to: Identify the 3 main structures of the

cardiovascular system. Identify the 4 main chambers of the

heart. List at a minimum of 4 specific

structures of the heart (not including the 4 main chambers)

For students to list 4 names of blood vessels

Introduction

The cardiovascular system can also be called the circulatory system.

This system is the major transport system in the body by which food, oxygen and all other essential products are carried to the tissue cells, and their waste products and carbon dioxide are carried away. (Barker et al, 2007)

The circulatory system is also known as the cardiovascular system.It consists of…

3. The Heart1. Blood 2. Blood Vessels

The Circulatory System

The Heart

The heart is the centre of the cardiovascular system. It is a hollow organ situated in the left-hand side of the chest, below the sternum, and is about the size of a closed fist.

It is a muscular pump, the purpose of which is to drive blood into and through the arteries in order to deliver blood to your tissues and working muscles.

The Heart Cont.

The heart is surrounded by a sac known as pericardium. This is a twin-layered sac, with its cavity filled with pericardial fluid, the purpose of which is to prevent friction as your heart continually moves through beating

How are your ART skills?

Activity 1

Individually you have to draw the structure of the heart.

The HeartThe four chambers of the heart have special names:

A lower chamber is called a ventricle.

An upper chamber is called an atrium (plural: atria).

rightatrium

rightventricle

leftatrium

leftventricle

The HeartHere are some other important parts of the heart:

The walls are made of

cardiac muscle.

The wall dividing the

left and right sides of the heart is called the

septum.

The semi-lunar valves prevent expelled blood

flowing back into the heart.

These two valves prevent blood flowing

back into the atria from the ventricles.

Bicuspid (mitral) valve

Tricuspid valve

The heart as a pump

Worksheet

Blood Vessels

There are 5 different types of blood vessels. Students are in 2 groups, and you have 2 minutes to come up with the answer. First group to write all 5 down and give to the teacher wins.

Blood Vessels

There are 5 main blood vessels: Arteries Arterioles Capillaries Veins Venules

Arteries VeinsThe Major Blood Vessels

Arteries

Arteries carry blood away from the heart, and carry oxygenated blood (except pulmonary artery). Arteries have good elasticity and contractibility.

They have thick muscular walls to carry blood at high speeds under high pressure

Narrow central tube (lumen)

Thick inner layer of muscle and elastic fibres

Thick outer wall

Arterioles

Arterioles have thinner walls than arteries. These vessels control blood distribution by changing their diameter.

Are essentially responsible for controlling blood flow to the capillaries.

Capillaries

Capillaries form an extensive network that connects arteries and vein by uniting arterioles and Venules.

They are the smallest of all blood vessels and are very narrow and thin. This is essential to allow diffusion of oxygen and nutrients required by the cells of the body

wall only one cell thick

VeinsVeins return deoxygenated

blood to the heart. They have thinner walls than arteries and have a relatively large diameter.

When blood finally reaches the veins, blood is flowing slowly and at a low pressure. Therefore contracting muscles push the thin walls of the veins inward to help squeeze the blood back to the heart

wide central tube (lumen)

thin inner layer of muscle and elastic fibres

thin outer

wall

Venules

They have thinner walls than arterioles. They collect blood leaving the capillaries and transport it to the veins

Blood vesselsThere are three types of blood vessels, as shown in this magnified part of the circulatory system.

Why are there different types of blood vessels?

blood from the heart

blood to the heart

arterycarries blood

back intothe heart

carries blood away fromthe heart

carries blood to and from the body’s cells

vein

Blood vessels

How does blood go around the body?

PULMONARY CIRCULATIONCARRIES BLOOD FROM THE

HEART TO THE LUNGS AND BACK AGAIN

SYSTEMIC CIRCULATIONCARRIES BLOOD FROM THE

HEART TO THE REST OF THE BODY AND BACK AGAIN

The Cardiovascular system

The circulatory system

body’scells

lungsDeoxygenated blood is pumped from the heart to the lungs through the pulmonary artery.

Oxygenated blood returns to the heart through the pulmonary vein.

Oxygenated blood is pumped at high pressure from the heart to the body through the aorta.

Deoxygenated blood returns to the heart through the vena cava.

The double circulatory system

oxygenated blood to the rest of the body through the arteries

deoxygenated blood back to the heart through the veins.

The pulmonary circulation carries:

deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

oxygenated blood back from the lungs to the heart, ready to be pumped out to the body.

The systemic circulation carries:

lungs

body’scells