unit 2. 1.how did you feel after the “assembly line” activity? 2.what problems do you foresee...
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Unit 2
Industrialization
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1.How did you feel after the “assembly line” activity?
2.What problems do you foresee when it comes to Industrialization
3.Which invention did you research?
4.Which invention do you think had a greater impact on the people of its time, the internet or electricity?
Questions:
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Capitalism: economic system in which capital assets are privately owned• goods and services are produced for profit in a market economy
U.S. Economy
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Socialism: is an economic system characterized by social ownership of the means of production and co-operative management of the economy.
Other type of Economy
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A New Industrial Age
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1. How did Industrialization affect our nation positively and negatively?
2. Identify and describe the key capitalist and industrialist and their impact on American Society
Objectives 1 and 2:
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1. Abundance of natural resources• Coal, iron, timber, petroleum and waterpower
2. Abundance of Labor • Immigration increased population • Workers of all ages
3. Investors invested large amounts of capital ($) • Monopolies
4. Government promotes economic growth• No regulations like European countries• Laissez-faire: hands off, no gov’t interference
America Industrialized because…
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*Industrial growth was not inevitable- America worked hard- but industrialization brought social benefits and costs.
Major revolutions in transportation and communication
• Railroad- most significant invention of the century!
Industrial Revolution
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Empire on the Rails- Vanderbilt Video
Advantages1.Better than a ship- • More direct routes, greater speed,
greater safety, dependable schedules, larger volume of traffic, year round service
2.Tied the country together• Independence and specialization • Ex: Chicago-meat, Texas-cattle,
Florida-fruit 3.Mass production and mass
consumption4.Paved the way for business
development• How to handle modern business• Labor relations, government
regulation, management, etc.
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1.Corruption in business • Competition and
greed
2.J.P Morgan Saves the Day! • Redesigned and
managed railroads, and took control of industry
Disadvantages of the Railroad
Other industrial empires…
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• Advances in Steel promoted changes • Helped construction of longer bridges, taller buildings, stronger
railroad track, deadlier weapons, better plows, heavier machinery, and faster ships. • Bessemer Steel Process- steel produced quicker and cheaper
• Andrew Carnegie• Immigrant from Scotland• Manufactured more steel than all of Britain's factories
combined• 1 million tons a year, employed 20,000 workers • Sold business to J.P Morgan
Andrew Carnegie & Steel
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Brooklyn Bridge
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Skyscrapers
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•Management practices•Make products better—cheaply•Vertical integration: buy out the suppliers•Horizontal integration: buy out competing producers
Andrew Carnegie-Why was he so successful?
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• Oil boom- “Black Gold” • Edwin Drake drilled the first oil well
John D Rockefeller- built the Standard Oil Company
• Developed system of “trusts” or monopolies
• Way to success = Join with competing companies into trusts
Rockefeller and Oil -video
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Christopher Sholes: typewriter (1867)
Alexander Graham Bell: telephone (1876)
Inventions That Changed Society
Typewriter & TelephoneCreated new jobs for women Clerical work (Secretary)
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Electricity• 1876- Thomas Edison: established 1st research lab &
perfected incandescent light bulb
Inventions Promote Change
Funded mainly by J.P. Morgan, Jr.: business mogul, banker
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• Nation of Consumers• Millions of dollars spent in
advertising • Impacted all Americans (rich,
poor, rural, urban, ethnic groups)
• Labor of millions of men and women built the new industrial society• Pros and cons
Industry Changes Society
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Identify the key players during Industrialization
How did they positively and negatively affect our nation?
Captains of Industry….or Robber Barons??
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• Monopoly - only supplier of a particular commodity(eliminates competition)
• Trust- agreement between competing companies to take over market through a board of trustees(group who ran separate companies as one)
• Robber Baron - cruel and ruthless businessmen who would stop at nothing to achieve great wealth
• Captain of Industry - powerful industrialist who uses his wealth in a positive way
• Anti-Trust - law that promotes or seeks to maintain market competition by regulating anti-competitive conduct by companies
Vocabulary
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+Donated $ for Libraries
+Self made- American Dream
+Donated billions in today’s equivalent
-Crushed Labor Unions
-Slashed wages of workers
-Homestead Steel Strike-
Andrew Carnegie
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+Standardized companies
+Donated $ to research institutes and universities
+Saved the US economy multiple times
-Monopolies and intimidation
-manipulated ALL people for his own gain (including President of US)
-Shady business
JP Morgan
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+Made 1% of the US GDP to help economy
+Donated billions of dollars to colleges
+Revolutionized business practices
-Monopolies- eliminated competitors
-poor working conditions for workers
-”Cleveland Massacre”-
John D Rockefeller
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+Standardized the Railroad
+Donated Ships in the Civil War
+Vanderbilt University
-Monopolies eliminated competition
-intimidated competitors with railroad blockades
-bribery and corruption in government
Cornelius Vanderbilt
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+Ford company revolutionized Assembly Line
+Ford company revolutionized the automobile
+Set a new standard for employee treatment
-Monopolies
-Broke up labor unions
Henry Ford
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+Created the Pullman car…changed the luxury of travel
+Changed the atmosphere around which factories were
built
+Established towns throughout the country
-Obsessive control over this towns and workers
-Charged high rent to town’s residents
-Paid workers very little
George Pullman
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+
+
+
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Andrew Mellon
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+Established world’s 1st research laboratory
+
Thomas Edison