UNIT 2, CHAPTER 5: A NEW GOVERNMENT

Section 5.1: A New Nation’s

Challenges

UNIT 2 PRE-ASSESSMENT

You will take the Unit 2 Pre-Assessment to measure what you already know about the establishment of our nation. We will compare your pre-assessment results with your Unit 2 Assessment results to measure your growth as a student.

FLASHBACK

Learning Target: I can explain the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and describe the challenges facing a newly formed United States.

Answer the flashback question from Section 5.1 in your Social Studies Notebook.

PREVIEW

Learning Target: I can explain the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and describe the challenges facing a newly formed United States.

Answer the Preview Question from Section 5.1 in your Social Studies Notebook.

VOCABULARY

Using the vocabulary words from Section 5.1, complete a vocabulary Word Cluster. Set up your word cluster like the example below.

Word and Definition

Synonym

Antonym

Use it in a sentence

Illustration:

NOTE TAKING

As you read Section 5.1, you will structure your notes in your social studies notebook using Cornell Notetaking.

Topic Information

Summary of Section:

POLITICAL INFLUENCES NOTES

Virginia House of Burgesses – First democratically elected assembly in North America

Connecticut wrote the colonies’ first constitution

State Constitutions created limited governments in which all leaders had to obey laws. Some banned slavery, some protected the rights of those accused of a crime.

The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom stated no person could be forced to attend a particular church, or be required to pay for a church with tax money

Many state constitutions expanded suffrage (right to vote).

Learning Target: I can explain the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation

and describe the challenges facing a newly formed United States.

THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION NOTES

Single-branch government which gave Congress limited powers

States had one vote and could settle disputes between states, make coins, borrow money, and make treaties

Congress could ask for money and soldiers from states, but states could refuse

No president or national court system was created

Congress created the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, which established the Northwest Territory (Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Wisconsin, etc.). When the population of a territory reached 60,000, it’s settlers could draft a constitution and request to become a state.

Learning Target: I can explain the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation

and describe the challenges facing a newly formed United States.

PROBLEMS FACING THE NEW NATION NOTES

Great Britain closed many of its ports to U.S. Ships

Great Britain forced American merchants to pay high tariffs (Taxes on imported goods)

Spain closed the lower Mississippi River to U.S. Shipping

Farmers could not export goods and had to hire British ships to carry goods

British goods were sold in the U.S. at much cheaper prices

Congress did not have the power to pass tariffs or force states to pass tariffs

States did not cooperate with each other

War debts, a weak economy, and Congress’ inability to regulate interstate commerce (trade between states), caused problems

States couldn’t pay off debts and had trouble collecting taxes, so it began printing large amounts of money, which led to inflation. This created an economic depression.

Learning Target: I can explain the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation

and describe the challenges facing a newly formed United States.

SHAYS’S REBELLION

In Massachusetts, farmers had trouble paying their debts and courts began forcing them to sell their land. Some were jailed for not paying their debt.

Angry citizens closed down courts and farmer Daniel Shays led hundreds of men in a forced

shutdown of the Massachusetts Supreme Court

Shays’ forces were defeated in 1787 and many were imprisoned and sentenced to death, but most were later released.

Learning Target: I can explain the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation

and describe the challenges facing a newly formed United States.

REVIEW

Complete the Review Questions for Section 1.1 in your social studies notebook.

Learning Target: I can explain the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation

and describe the challenges facing a newly formed United States.

CLOSURE ACTIVITY

Complete the Political Cartoon Closure Activity from Section 5.1 your Social Studies Notebook.

Learning Target: I can explain the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation

and describe the challenges facing a newly formed United States.

ANALYZING POLITICAL CARTOONS

Answer the Section 5.1 Analyzing Political Cartoon questions in your Social Studies Notebook.

Learning Target: I can explain the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation

and describe the challenges facing a newly formed United States.

ASSESSMENT

Complete the Section 5.1 Assessment on a separate sheet of paper, which will be turned in once completed.

Learning Target: I can explain the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation

and describe the challenges facing a newly formed United States.

UNIT 2, A NEW GOVERNMENT Section 5.2: The Constitution &

Compromise

FLASHBACK

Learning Target: I can describe the compromises reached during the creation of the Constitution.

Complete the Flashback questions from Section 5.2 in your social studies notebook.

PREVIEW

Learning Target: I can describe the compromises reached during the creation of the Constitution.

Complete the Preview Question from Section 5.2 in your social studies notebook.

VOCABULARY

Using the vocabulary words from Section 5.2, complete a vocabulary Word Cluster. Set up your word cluster like the example below.Word and Definition

Synonym

Antonym

Use it in a sentence

Illustration:

NOTE TAKING

Create the Cornell Note Taking graphic organizer in your social studies notebook. You will use this organizer to take notes during the reciprocal teaching activity.

RECIPROCAL TEACHING

In a Group of three, divide the text by sections:

1. Read your assigned section.

2. Answer the Formative Assessment Question at the end of your section.

3. When all members have completed the first two steps, take turns teaching your other group members about your section by summarizing the section.

4. As the member shares their answer, other members should take notes in their graphic organizer.

5. As a class, we will discuss the answers.

Learning Target: I can describe the compromises reached during the creation of the Constitution.

GREAT COMPROMISE NOTES

Virginia Plan – proposed a federal constitution that would give sovereignty, or supreme power, to the central government. The legislature would be bicameral, or made up of two houses of representatives, and chosen on the basis of state populations. This would give large states more representatives, thus more votes.

New Jersey Plan – proposed a unicameral, or one house, legislature. Each state would get the same number of votes. Plan also gave the federal government power to tax citizens in all states and to regulate commerce.

The Great Compromise – The Legislative branch would have two houses. Each state gets two representatives in the Senate (upper house). The number of representatives in the lower house (House of Representatives) would be based on population.

Learning Target: I can describe the compromises reached during the creation of the Constitution.

THREE-FIFTHS COMPROMISE

Southern delegates wanted enslaved Africans to be counted as part of state populations in order to receive more representation in Congress.

Northern delegates wanted the number of slaves to determine taxes, but not representation.

The Three-Fifths compromise counted three-fifths of slaves as part of the state’s population to decide how many representatives a state would have.

Learning Target: I can describe the compromises reached during the creation of the Constitution.

BALANCING POWER NOTES

Legislative Branch – Congress is responsible for proposing and passing laws. It’s made up of two houses. The Senate has two members from each state and the number of representatives a state has in the House of Representatives is determined by the population.

Executive Branch – Includes the President and the departments that help run the government. The Executive branch ensures the laws are carried out.

Judicial Branch – Made up of the national courts. It’s responsible for interpreting laws, punishing criminals, and settling disputes between states.

Checks and Balances – Prevents one branch from gaining too much power. President can veto laws passed by Congress, Congress can override President’s veto with a two-thirds majority vote, and the Supreme Court has the power to declare laws unconstitutional.

Learning Target: I can describe the compromises reached during the creation of the Constitution.

REVIEW

Learning Target: I can describe the compromises reached during the creation of the Constitution.

Complete the review questions from Section 5.2 in your social studies notebook.

CLOSURE ACTIVITY

Learning Target: I can describe the compromises reached during the creation of the Constitution.

You will complete the Analytical Essay Closure Activity from Section 5.2.

ANALYZING DIAGRAMS

Learning Target: I can describe the compromises reached during the creation of the Constitution.

Complete the Analyzing Diagrams questions from Section 5.2 in your Social Studies Notebook.

ASSESSMENT

Learning Target: I can describe the compromises reached during the creation of the Constitution.

Complete the Section 5.2 on a separate sheet of paper that will be turned in once completed.

UNIT 2, A NEW GOVERNMENT Section 5.3: Ratification

FLASHBACK

Learning Target: I can contrast the views of a federalist and anti-federalist.

Complete the Flashback questions from Section 5.3 in your social studies notebook.

PREVIEW

Learning Target: I can contrast the views of a federalist and anti-federalist.

Complete the Preview Question from Section 5.3 in your social studies notebook.

VOCABULARY

Using the vocabulary words from Section 5.3, complete a vocabulary Word Cluster. Set up your word cluster like the example below.Word and Definition

Synonym

Antonym

Use it in a sentence

Illustration:

NOTE TAKING

Create the Cornell Note Taking graphic organizer in your social studies notebook. You will use this organizer to take notes during the reciprocal teaching activity.

FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT

Learning Target: I can contrast the views of a federalist and anti-federalist.

Using your notes and referring back to the text if needed, answer the Formative Assessment questions found throughout Section 5.3 in your social studies notebook.

FEDERALISTS & ANTI-FEDERALISTS NOTES

Federalists – Supported the Constitution. Believed the Constitution balanced various political views. Mostly were wealthy planters, farmers, and lawyers.

Anti-Federalists – Thought the Constitution gave the new government too much power. Many felt it the Constitution should have a section that guaranteed individual rights. Most were small farmers and debtors.

Learning Target: I can contrast the views of a federalist and anti-federalist.

THE FEDERALIST PAPERS NOTES

The Federalists Papers, written anonymously by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay, defended the Constitution.

The papers were meant to reassure Americans that they new federal government would not overpower the states.

Learning Target: I can contrast the views of a federalist and anti-federalist.

BILL OF RIGHTS NOTES

To amend the Constitution, proposed changes must be approved by two-thirds majority of both houses of Congress and then ratified by three-fourth of states.

The Constitution can be changed to allow it to fit the needs of a changing nation.

Learning Target: I can contrast the views of a federalist and anti-federalist.

REVIEW

Complete the review questions from Section 5.3 in your social studies notebook.

Learning Target: I can contrast the views of a federalist and anti-federalist.

CLOSURE ACTIVITY

You will complete the Political Campaign Poster Closure Activity from Section 5.3.

Learning Target: I can contrast the views of a federalist and anti-federalist.

ANALYZING CHARTS

Complete the Analyzing Charts questions from Section 5.3 in your Social Studies Notebook.

Learning Target: I can contrast the views of a federalist and anti-federalist.

ASSESSMENT

Complete the Section 5.3 Assessment on a separate sheet of paper that will be turned in once completed.

Learning Target: I can contrast the views of a federalist and anti-federalist.