NERVOUS SYSTEM AND COORDINATION

VERÓNICA MARÍA VÁSQUEZ

Coordination: is the way all the organs and

systems of the body are made to work efficiently

together. For example, when muscles are being used

for running they need extra glucose and oxygen. So we increase the breathing rate to obtain extra oxygen and the heart pumps more rapidly to take de oxygen and the glucose to the muscles more quickly.

The brain detects changes in O2 and CO2 in the blood and sends nervous impulses to the respiratory muscles and heart in order to increase their activities. This is one example of coordination, between mane organs.

The nervous systemWorks by sending impulses along the

nerves.

The human nervous system.The brain and spinal

cord form together de CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Nerves carry electrical impulses, from the central nervous system to all parts of the body, making muscles contract.

Muscles are called EFFECTORS because they go into action when they receive nerve impulses.

The nerves which connect the body to the central nervous system make up the PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Nerve impulses from the sense organs (skin, eye, ears) to the central nervous system are called SENSORY IMPULSES. This is the way by which information from the peripheral receptors travel to the central nervous system.

From the central nervous system, this impulses are carried to the EFFECTORS, resulting in action. These are called MOTOR IMPULSES.

STIMULUS

RECEPTOR

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. EFFECTO

R. MUSCLES.

RESPONSE

SENSORY NEURONE

MOTOR NEURONE

Nerve cells. NEURONES. The central nervous system, and the peripheral

nerves are made up of neurones.

MOTOR NEURONE

SENSORY NEURONES

Carry impulses from the central nervous system to the muscles.

Carry impulses from the sense organs to the central nervous system.

MULTI POLAR NEURONES

Are neither sensory nor motor but make connections to other neurones inside the central neorvous system.

CLASSROOM ACTIVITY:From page 164, read NERVE CELLS. Draw and label the three types of

neurones. Give at least 2 structural differences

between sensory and motor neurones.Give one functional difference between a

sensory and a motor neurone.

Synapse

It is necessary for impulses to pass from one neurone to another. The regions where

impulses are able to cross from one neurone to the next are called SYNAPSES.

At a synapse a branch at the end of one fibre is in close contact with a dendrite of another neurone.

When an impulse arrives at the synapse, it releases a tiny amount of a chemical substance called a

NEUROTRANSMITTER SUBSTANCE, which sets off an impulse in the next neurone.

The NERVE IMPULSEThe impulse is a series of electrical

pulses, which travel down the fibre. All the impulses are similar.

The difference is that each impulse is sent to different parts of the brain.

For example, the nerves from the aye go to the part of the brain concerned with sight. Then the brain recognizes that the impulses comes from the aye and we SEE something.

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