Warm Up 1)  Use an online dictionary to research the

Progressive Movement vocabulary

2)  Remember this section of AH2 is paramount when it comes to passing the final exam…

3)  We’re going to play a vocabulary game tomorrow for #funfriday

The Progressive Movement: Industrial & Political Reforms

INDUSTRIAL REFORMS

REGULATING BIG BUSINESS

I.  Big businesses grew very large during the Gilded Age A.  Laissez-faire economics & Social Darwinism

II.  Businesses did not provide:

A.  Safe working conditions B.  A minimum wage C.  Controlled working hours D.  Working restrictions

III.  Progressive reformers demanded businesses take on responsibility for the safety & wellbeing of their workforce

Child Labor I.  Businesses had no regulations for child

labor II.  Most children did not attend school but

worked to help their family pay bills III.  Children worked in cotton fields,

industrial factories & coal mines A.  Most were immigrant children, poor white

children & black children

IV.  Children expected to carry their fair share & work jobs to support family

Protecting Working Children

I.  Children made up a significant percentage of the industrial workforce

II.  Progressive reformers worked to

end child labor III.  Children were more prone to

accidents & death IV.  Nearly every state limited or

banned child labor by 1918 due to progressive reforms

Efforts To Limit Working Hours

I.  During the Progressive Era many reformers sought to limit exhaustive labor practices

A.  Workers were required to work long hours, six/seven days a week

II.  The Supreme Court and the states enacted or strengthened laws reducing hours of work

A.  Eight hour workday, limit working days, overtime, holiday pay

III.  Progressives succeeded in winning worker’s

compensation to aid families of injured workers A.  Companies had to pay when a worker was killed or hurt on the

job

WOMEN IN THE WORKFORCE

I.  By the late 19th and early 20th century, the number of women in the workforce was increasing

II.  Women contributed to the economy mainly by doing

domestic work A.  Working in homes of wealthier Americans

III.  Industrial employment opportunities for women increased dramatically during the Gilded Age

IV.  The garment trade (clothing) was popular as was office

work, department stores and classrooms

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire I.  1911 a clothing factory fire in

New York City II.  Employers locked the doors to

prevent theft of materials III.  800 women trapped and 146

women died IV.  Progressives used the tragedy to

inspire reform: A.  Regulations in fire safety B.  Emergency exits C.  Escape routes & safer working

conditions

Deaths from Fire

SOCIAL REFORMS

WOMEN & REFORM

I.  Women will soon use their industrial jobs to push for political & social changes for themselves

II.  Female progressive reformers led women to seek suffrage (right to vote), gender equality & increased educational opportunities

III.  Women join the workforce, become educated and begin to positively impact American society.

SOCIETAL CHANGES I.  Progressive women reformers will inspire the

American people to make positive societal changes

II.  Progressives believed that by fixing American society the nations problems would be solved

III.  Progressives sought to make the U.S.A. a better place by getting rid of bad influences on the American people

A.  Smoking, gambling, drinking

Prohibition

I.  Progressive reformers sought to better American society by removing the bad things from it

II.  Progressives pushed for and passed the 18th Amendment to the Constitution banning the manufacture, consumption and sale of alcohol.

III.  Prohibition was designed to get rid of American problems and make Americans good people.

Are You With Me?? 1)  In what two ways was big business’s control over

workers limited during the Progressive Era?

2)  What group of Americans joined the workforce during the early 1900’s?

3)  List three reforms that women will seek during the Progressive Era:

4)  What is Prohibition and what law put it into effect?

POLITICAL REFORMS

Gilded Age and Progressive Reform

I.  The Gilded Age left Americans with two fears:

A.  Wealthy entrepreneurs had too much power and control

B.  American governments were full of corruption and dishonesty

i.  There was corruption in the government

ii.  Voter fraud, patronage & the spoils system

iii.  Bribes, graft & kickbacks common

Corruption is Common I.  Corruption particularly a problem

in city governments A.  Politicians controlled work done

locally and demanded graft & kickbacks

B.  Political machines led to corruption

II.  Progressives sought to end political corruption A.  Governments elected by the people

for the people B.  Structure governments so that

corruption cannot take place!!

Government Reforms

I.  Local governments soon began structuring themselves so that corruption could not take place

II.  Laws were passed to end the spoils system and patronage (Pendleton Civil Service Act 1883)

III.  Governments removed powerful leaders and installed individual departments for city services

IV.  This system ensured that no one person could take control of an entire city and corruption could not occur

MUNICIPAL REFORM

council-manager plan

COUNCIL MEMBER

CITY MANAGER

COUNCIL MEMBER

COUNCIL MEMBER

COUNCIL MEMBER

COUNCIL MEMBER

strong mayor system

COUNCIL MEMBER

COUNCIL MEMBER

COUNCIL MEMBER

COUNCIL MEMBER

COUNCIL MEMBER

MAYOR

CITY SERVICES

CITY SERVICES

How Progressives Worked

I.  Progressives believed that American society nor American governments would fix the many problems!

II.  PROGRESSIVES HAD TO SOLVE

PROBLEMS THEMSELVES! III.  Solution = fix the broken government first and

the government would be able to fix the remaining social & economic problems

Progressive Political Reforms I.  In 1881, James Garfield became

President and was shot 4 months into his presidency

A.  Didn’t give a government job to someone who was promised one.

II.  His death led to an end of political corruption

III.  Chester A. Arthur (VP) worked with Congress to reform how people get government jobs A.  End patronage & spoils system à end in

political corruption B.  Jobs based on merit not patronage C.  Pendleton Civil Service Act 1883

Problems With Politics

I.  Progressives believed the governments were too distant from the people it represented

II.  Problems in American society were because the

government did not care about the needs of the people

III.  Progressives sought to give the people more political

power in an attempt to end political corruption in the U.S.A. and fix the problems of the Gilded Age

Election Reform I.  Progressives tried to end corruption with increased

democracy II.  Progressives pushed for new forms of democracy to end

government corruption A.  Direct Primary

i.  People vote for a candidates to run in an election. B.  Initiative

i.  Allowed citizens to introduce legislation C.  Referendum

i.  Allowed legislation to be voted on by people D.  Recall

i.  Allowed voters to remove an elected official with a special election.

II.  Progressive reforms gave the people more power and made the government more accountable to the people

THE 17TH AMENDMENT I.  In an effort to end political

corruption in the Senate the U.S.A. passed the 17th Amendment to the Constitution in 1913

II.  17th Amendment: A.  Direct election of Senators B.  People now choose their

Senators in state elections C.  The Senators will now be

accountable to the people and not big business

D.  Senators can no longer be corrupt or they will be removed from office

Women’s Suffrage Movement

I.  Progressives desired to give the American people more control over their government…

II.  Even with the increases in democracy & political participation only 50% of the population could vote.

III.  At the turn of the century women still lacked national suffrage…

A.  African-American males were granted suffrage with the 15th Amendment.

IV.  Women began playing a more important role in American society in the early 1900’s and soon pushed for universal suffrage for all races & genders

Women’s Suffrage Movement I.  National American Woman Suffrage Association

(NAWSA) A.  National group pushing for universal women’s suffrage B.  National problem!- women need to be active

II.  Progressives support female suffrage and the movement gains many supporters

III.  Congress soon passed the 19th Amendment to the Constitution:

A.  19th Amendment i.  Universal women’s suffrage ii.  Women officially gain the right to vote iii.  Now every American citizen could participate in

elections at the state and federal level.

Are You With Me? 1)  Explain how progressives believed they could end political corruption in the

United States?

2)  How did the assassination of James Garfield led to an end in political corruption in the United States?

3)  Why did many progressives believe that political corruption existed in the U.S. Senate?

4)  What is the 17th Amendment and how does it end political corruption in the U.S.A.?

5)  What is the 19th Amendment?