Unit 2

Mixed feelings

Reading 1 How empathy unfolds

1. Lead-in

2. Language points

3. Guided writing

4. Presentation and exercises

Background Information

Emotional Intelligence (EI) is the capacity for recognizing our own feelings and those of others, for motivating ourselves, for managing emotions well in ourselves and in our relationships.’ The elements of Emotional Intelligence include:

Self-Awareness: Knowing your emotions and their effects.

Self-Management: Knowing how to manage your emotions, how to keep disruptive impulses in check. Being flexible and comfortable with new ideas.

What is EI ？

Social Awareness: An ability to listen, to be persuasive, to collaborate, to nurture relationships. Relationship Management: An ability to influence others, handle conflict, develop, lead and work with others.

Emotional Quotient or EQ is one of the ways to measure a person’s ability to be successful in life. The phrase was first developed in the 1980s and asserts that emotional quotient or emotional intelligence is as valuable as intellectual quotient (IQ).

According to theories of brain function, a high emotional quotient means someone is self-confident, self-aware, and able to navigate through trying emotional times. EQ is often tied directly to the degree of success one may have in the workplace and in personal relationships.

What is EQ ?

What is IQ ?

IQ is the acronym for intelligent quotient, and refers to a score given for several standardized intelligence tests. The first of these was developed by French psychologist Alfred Binet in 1905. He constructed the IQ test, as it would later be called, to determine which children might need additional help in scholarly pursuits. Today, the IQ test is commonly based on some model of the Stanford Binet Intelligence scale.

Not all intelligence can be measured by an IQ test. In fact, primarily, an IQ test measures mathematical and spatial reasoning, logical ability, and language understanding.

IQ score was a fairly good predictor for school performance.

IQ score may also predict fairly well the degree to which a person may be successful in occupations.

IQ scores tend to exhibit some racial bias. Test scores may be influenced by personal genetic history.

Sentence Study

翻译：霍普才九个月大，一见到另一个婴儿摔倒，泪水就涌了出来。她爬到妈妈身边寻求安慰，就好像是她自己摔疼了。

1. The moment Hope …as though it were she who had been hurt. ( sentence 1, Para. 1)

The moment… + 从句， 表明“一 ······, 就 ······”

Rewrite the sentence using the moment and then translate.

When I saw those old photos in the drawer, I almost cried, for my memory went back to the days when I lived happily with my grandparents, my parents and my brothers and sisters.

The moment I saw those old photos in the drawer, tears welled up in my eyes, for my memory went back to the days when I lived happily with my grandparents, my parents and my brothers and sisters.

2. Such motor mimicry, as it is called, is the original technical sense of the word empathy as it was first used … which then evokes the same feelings in oneself. (sentence 1, Para. 3)

第一句较复杂， such motor mimicry 做句子的主语， as it was first used 充当 empathy 的定语成分。翻译：这种所谓的运动神经模仿就是“同感”的原始技术含义。而“同感”这个词于 20 世纪 20 年代由美国心理学家 E.B. 铁钦纳首次使用。铁钦纳的理论是：同感发自对他人痛苦的一种身体模仿，这种模仿继而在自身引起同样的心理感受。

3. He sought a word … which can be felt for the general plight of another … and are better able to comfort them. (sentence 3, Para. 3 + sentence 1, Para. 4)

第一句中 which 引导的定语从句修饰 sympathy ；第二句 at which point 也是引导一个定语从句修饰 around two and a half years 。

翻译：他当时在寻找一个与同情有所区别的词；同情是针对他人的一般困境而发的，无须分担他人的任何感受。小孩两岁半左右就渐渐不再有运动神经模仿行为，那时他们会意识到别人的痛苦与自己的不同，会更有能力安慰别人。

Word Study

distinct adj.

separate and different in a way that is clear 有区别的不同的，单独的

They were classified into two distinct groups.

The region’s linguistic and cultural identity is quite distinct from that of the rest of the country.

imitate v.

to copy something 模仿

I now began to imitate his covert looks.

It was some kind of plastic made to imitate iron.

Already he was seen by her as someone to admire and imitate.

infant n.

(formal) a baby or a very young child 婴儿

infant mortality

infant industries

in one’s infant stage

infant phenomenon

婴儿死亡率

新兴工业

处在初创阶段

神童

sympathetic adj.

kind to someone who has a problem and willing to understand how thy feel

He was sympathetic and charming.

He came across as sympathetic / a sympathetic

person.

stroke v.

gently move your hand over, skin, hair, or fur ( 用手）轻抚，抚摸

My dog likes being stroked

I failed to stroke him down.

distress n. & v.

a feeling that you have when you are very unhappy, worried, or upset

He feared to touch on distressing memories.

It distresses him to think that he has no hope of changing things.

He arrived on Dick’s doorstep in obvious distress.

stem from

to be caused by something 来自 , 起源于 ; 由 ·······造成

The social problems we face today stem from being too intolerant.

Indeed, they stem from the spirit of innovation and initiative.

apart from

except for someone or something 除此之外I hardly know anyone in the village apart from Jim a

nd you.

Apart from providing humanitarian aid, the UN is also supposed to enforce agreements.

Quite apart from the fact that he has no qualifications, Mr. Wang is not a suitable person to work here.

Time adverbials and their functions

1. A few days ago…

2. As he did so…

3. By the time I reached my destination…; The next thing I knew…

to introduce a personal experience

two things were happening at the same time

something had already happened before the event the writer is referring to

Guided writing

Time adverbials and tensesMatch the time adverbials in the

passage with the tenses.

1. A few days ago + ___________________

2. As he did so + _____________________

3. By the time I reached my destination +

_________________________________

The choice of time adverbial will probably affect the tense of the verb.

past simple past continuous past perfect

past simple

past continuous

past perfect

Semi-controlled practiceSemi-controlled practice

Structure your personal experience about a meeting with a stranger. Organize your idea this way.

sequencing

eventsstructuring

narrative elements

using time adverbials

More

Semi-controlled practice Structure your personal experience about a meeting with a stranger.

Sequencing

events

Structuring

narrative

elements

Using time

adverbials

orientation

Resolution

Complication

Evaluation

Initiating event

Second event

Third event

More event…

A few days ago…

I decided to…

At first he…,but

then…

By the time I

understood…

Sample A few days ago while we were on holiday I met a young boy who looked lost by the beach. I went over to him and decided to ask him if he was alright. At first he didn’t say any thing to me, but then he started to cry very miserably. I felt really sorry for him. So I knelt down to his height as if I were a friend of the same age. I said to him: “Don’t cry. Tell me what happened to you and I am sure I can help you”. He began to tell me that he was building his sandcastle, but the sea washed it away, so he looked up to ask his parents for help. But the next thing he knew, they had left the spot they were sitting.

So he felt very scared. That was the moment I saw him. I told him that his parents might have just gone to buy some ice-cream, since I could see an ice-cream van parked not far from the beach. He agreed to come with me to the ice cream van look for them. By the time we had walked half way there, his parents suddenly appeared with some delicious ice-creams. I had some too!

Presentation and Exercise