unit 3 europe in the middle ages power of the church day 17 skinny 33-34
TRANSCRIPT
Unit 3 Essential Questions
What political and economic systems emerged in the Middle Ages?
How was the Roman Catholic Church a unifying force?
Gelasius’ Two Swords Theory
Pope wielded authority in religious matters
Emperor wielded authority in political matters
Did not always work smoothly—conflicts over who ruled what
Clergy=church officials
Column 1
Column 2
Column 3
Pope—highest rank Bishops—supervised
priests Priests—served the
local people
Medieval bishop's palace
Medieval bishop
Unifying power of the Church
Shared beliefs church brought people together during time of constant warfare
Sense of community
Sacraments—religious ceremonies that marked membership in the community Baptism Communion
Canon Law=Church Law
Laws about marriage and church practices
Church courts could try people who broke canon law
Punishments Excommunication Interdict
Punishment related to authority
Excommunication You were denied
salvation All your vassals were
free from their duties Could lead to
interdiction
InterdictionYou could not have
sacraments performed on your land
So all your people were doomed to hell, too
Pope had the authority to punish political rulers, even kings & emperors.
Church and StatePopes and the Holy Roman Empire
Otto I, or Otto the Great Crowned 936 Charlemagne was his hero Allied with Church Fought for the Church in Italy 962, pope crowns him “Emperor”
Wax seal of Otto the Great
Church and StatePopes and the Holy Roman Empire
German-Italian empire became known as “Holy Roman Empire”
Lasted until 1100
Italians and popes did not like being ruled by Germans
Why? Lay investiture—kings or nobles had power to appoint
clergy, name bishops Church resented this which led to a ...
Showdown at Canossa
1075 Pope Gregory banned lay investiture German emperor Henry IV called a meeting of bishops he
had appointed and ordered Gregory to step down (quit as pope)
Gregory excommunicated Henry The bishops then sided with Gregory, threatening Henry's
legitimacy as a ruler Henry tried to make up to Gregory to save his throne
Concordat of WormsSolution to Conflict
1122
Church and Emperor met to work out lay investiture
Compromise called “Concordat of Worms”
Only Church can appoint bishops
Emperor can veto
Henry IV begs forgiveness
The End of Another Empire
Frederick the I, or Barbarossa, strong central leader Attacked Italy frequently, pope not happy Lombard League fought him in 1176 Lombard foot soldiers beat the knights Made peace in 1177
1190—Holy Roman Empire in pieces after Fred's death They kept trying to put together again
Clashed with Italian cities and pope Weak central leadership because princes elected emperor
Think—why did election by princes weaken central leadership?