unit 3 – spain as a great power revision
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Unit 3 – Spain as a great power 1556-159845 minutes 1 from 2
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Top Band
•Focus on question set•Focus on evaluation •Provide a convincing assessment •Range of factors/points•Balanced between factors•Linked where appropriate •Supported throughout by factual
knowledge
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Key themes to revise
•What was the condition of mainland Spain at the end of Charles I reign?
•How did Philip II govern Spain?•What problems in Spain did he face
throughout his reign?•What was the legacy of Philip II? Philip
III’s inheritance
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Must cover• Philip II’s inheritance• Philip’s policies towards Court faction and
provinces• Inflation• Religion - attempts to strengthen Catholicism,
relations with the papacy, the Morisco’s problem• Philip III’s inheritance or how successful was
Philip II - Conditions in Spain at the end of the reign, impact of Dutch revolt on Spain, policies towards England and France, character and problems of Philip III.
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‘A highly successful King’. Assess this view of Philip II.
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Successful?
Successful? Unsuccessful?
Spain religiously united
Preserved MonarquiaBullion from new world
Maintained control of Church in Spain
Attempted to challenge heresy where Strategically viable to defendCatholicism – Lepanto 1571
Financial cost of defending Monarquia and Catholicism
Inefficient governmentPaper King –
government paralysis by 1590’s
Rebellion of Provinces – Moriscos 1568 , Netherlands
1566 and Aragon 1590
Maintained Catholic unity Of Empire (Exception of Netherlands)
Economic issues
Military defeat by French, English and Dutch
Final analysis – seeds sown in 16th Century for Spain's later demise
‘Golden Age’ of culture
Acquisition of Portugal in 1580
Counter ReformationReforming degrees of Council
introduced
‘Black Legend’ view – MotleyTyrannical / Absolute
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Historians Assessment
•Philip ultimately left similarly difficult and complex legacy to that of his father.
•Motley and Watson argue ‘Black Legend’ view of Philip – tyrannical and absolute
•Elliot ‘ Philip had spent all he had, and reduced to misery his kingdom of Castile’.
•Koenigsberger – Philip was no tyrant and monster but ultimately his reign was a failure. It sowed the seeds of Spain’s later demise.
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A ‘Golden age’ for Spanish culture?• Arts, architecture and scholarship encouraged by
Philip.e.g.• Capital established in Madrid 1561 next 25 years
Alcazar (Royal Citadel) remodelled and extended.• Escorial built – private monastery, palace and
mausleum.• Titian commissioned to paint various works of art• Writers such as St Teresa of Avila supported
• However counter argument that Spain under watchful eye of inquisition turned in on itself and fell behind rest of Europe.
• Also Philip’s interest not supported by Royal court.