Unit 1: Three Worlds Collide

Unit 3: World War IILearning Targets 1 - 131. I can define fascism.Fascesare a bundle of wooden sticks with an axe blade emerging from the centeran image that traditionally symbolizes summary power and jurisdiction and/or "strength through unity

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1. I can define fascism.Fascismpolitical philosophy based on extreme nationalism and military expansion, advocating a strong central government headed by a powerful dictatorglorifies the nation and race through aggressive show of forcestands for a centralized autocratic government headed by a dictatorial leadersevere economic and social regimentationforcible suppression of oppositionprivate property interests supported by government policyindividuals exist to serve the military goals of the state

31. I can define fascism.Fascists

Benito Mussolini

Adolf Hitler

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1. I can define fascism and differentiate between fascism and communism.fascismcommunismextreme nationalismracism (Germany)militaristic expansiontotalitarianismfew human/civil rightsgovernment support of private propertycapitalismanti-communismtheory:bourgeoisie vs. proletariat struggleresults in dictatorship of the proletariatstate withers awayclassless society emergespractice:totalitarianismfew human/civil rightsstate ownership of propertysocialism

52. I can explain the events of the Holocaust.April 4, 1933all non-Aryans removed from government jobs3 months after Hitler takes powerHistory and backgroundancient civilizationbiblical storyNuremberg Laws1935stripped Jews of civil rights and propertyif attempt to emigrateforced to wear Star of Davidover age of six6

2. I can explain the events of the Holocaust.KristallnachtNovember 9, 1938crystal nightnight of broken glassNazi storm troopers attacked Jewish homes, businesses, synagoguesJewish shop windows by the hundreds were systematically and wantonly smashed . The main streets of the city were a positive litter of shattered plate glass.Jews blamed20,000 arrested/sent to concentration campsThe Jews will pay a collective fine of one billion marks, 20 percent of their property.German official

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2. I can explain the events of the Holocaust.RefugeesNazi policy of emigration40,000 to France500 a week to Britain60,000 to the United StatesAlbert Einstein, author Thomas Mann, etcGerman foreign minister: We all want to get rid of our Jews. The difficulty is that no country wishes to receive them.Anti-Semitismcompetition for jobs during Great Depressionafter war breaks out, fear of enemy agentsthe St. Louis

122. I can explain the events of the Holocaust.Refugeesthe St. Louis930 Jewish refugeesrefused entry to Cuba, the United States and Canadaship was forced to return to Europe.

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2. I can explain the events of the Holocaust.The Final Solutiongoal of disappearance of Jewry from Europethose healthy enough to work labor campsthe rest extermination campsgenocidesystematic extermination of an entire group/race of peopleJews estimated 6 millionCommunists, Socialists, liberals, Gypsies, Freemasons, Jehovahs Witnesses, homosexuals, mentally handicapped, mentally ill, the disabled, the incurably illPoles, Ukrainians, Russiansestimated 11 12 million people murdered systematically1415

2. I can explain the events of the Holocaust.Concentration campssent by truck, trainfamilies often separatedcycle of hunger, humiliation, workended only with deathcrowded barracksmeager meals of thin soup, scraps of bread/potatowork 7 dawn to dusk, 7 days a weektoo weak to work, killed162. I can explain the events of the Holocaust.The brute Schmidt was our guard; he beat and kicked us if he thought we were not working fast enough. He ordered his victims to lie down and gave them 25 lashes with a whip, ordering them to count out loud. If the victim made a mistake, he was given 50 lashes. Thirty or 40 of us were shot every day. A doctor usually prepared a daily list of the weakest men. During the lunch break they were taken to a nearby grave and shot. They were replaced the following morning by new arrivals from the transport of the day. It was a miracle if anyone survived for five or six months in Belzec.Rudolf Reder172. I can explain the events of the Holocaust.Extermination camps1941 six death camps built in Polandgas chamberskilled 6,000 per dayAuschwitzleft right work diestripped of all possessionsclothes, eyeglasses, jewelry, hair, gold fillingsled to shower (gas chamber)crematoriumsgrisly experimentsinjected with germs, poisons,sterilizedsubject to seawater, extreme temperatures, painful torture1819

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3. I can identify the countries/areas Hitler invaded.RhinelandAustriaSudetenlandCzechoslovakiaPolandDenmarkNorwayNetherlandsBelgiumFranceGreat BritainRussia

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3. I can identify the countries/areas Hitler invaded.Rhinelandre-militarizes 1938violation of Treaty of VersaillesAustriaAnschluss 1938unionno resistance offeredSudetenlandwestern Czechoslovakia800,000 German speaking peopleHitler argues national self-determinationleads to Munich Conference/Pact

23Giant wheelingmotion3. I can identify the countries/areas Hitler invaded.Munich Pact - 1938Hitler appeasedgiven Sudetenland after promise of last demandCzechoslovakia 1939invaded and seizedBritain/France guarantee independence of Poland August 23, 1939Phony WarsitzkreigNazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact August 25, 1939Poland September 1, 1939invaded by blitzkreigbeginning of WW II

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274. I can describe the Munich Pact.Munich PactSudetenland - 1938Hitler demands area w/ 800,000 German speaking peopleMunich Conference - Sept, 1938Neville Chamberlain (British Prime Minister)Edouard Daladier (French President)Adolph Hitler (German Fuhrer)Benito Mussolini (Italian Il Duce)Hitler declares Sudetenland will be his last territorial demand.Munich Pact signedgiving Sudetenland to Germany

284. I can describe the Munich Pact.My friends there has come back from Germany peace with honor. I believe it is peace in our time.Neville Chamberlain

Britain and France had to choose between war and dishonor. They chose dishonor. They will have war.Winston Churchill

294. I can describe the Munich Pact.appeasementgiving in to ones demands in the hopes they will be satisfied and make no further demands

Munich Pactagreement to give in to Hitlers demandsbelieving he would make no further demandsknowing the opposite was probably true!

305. I can explain the deal Hitler made with Stalin.Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact August 23, 1939agreement not to fight each otheralso to divide Poland between the U.S.S.R and Germanya secret pactnot revealed until end of Cold War - 1991Germanyavoids a two-front war for HitlerBritain & France had pledged support for PolandRussiaavoid high casualtiesas in WW Iregained land lost post WW IPoland, Baltic States, etcbroken by Hitlerattacked U.S.S.R on June 22, 1941,

315. I can explain the deal Hitler made with Stalin.MolotovRibbentrop Pact (Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression)

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6. I can analyze the impact of Operation Barbarossa on the war.Operation Barbarossacode name for Germany's invasion of the U.S.S.R during WW IIpivotal phase in deciding the victors of the warsuffered and caused a high rate of fatalities: 95% of all German Army casualties between 1941 and 194465% of all Allied military casualties from the entire warGermans won resounding victoriesoccupied important economic areas of the Soviet Uniondespite these successes, the Germans were pushed back from Moscow and could never again mount a simultaneous offensive336. I can analyze the impact of Operation Barbarossa on the war.Operation Barbarossamost importantly:Operation Barbarossa opened up an Eastern Frontmore forces committed than any other theater of war in world historysite of some of the largest battles, deadliest atrocities, highest casualties, and most horrific conditions for Soviets and Germans alikeGermany captured 3 million Soviet POWsnever returned alivedeliberately starved to deathRussian losses underscore attempts to control Eastern Europe post WW II (Cold War)347. I can analyze the impact of the Japanese interment camps.Executive Order 9066allowed local military commanders to designate "military areas" as "exclusion zonesfrom which "any or all persons may be excludedused to declare that all people of Japanese ancestry were excluded from the entire Pacific coastincluding all of California and much of Oregon, Washington and Arizona, except for those in internment camps357. I can analyze the impact of the Japanese interment camps.Exclusion zones:36

7. I can analyze the impact of the Japanese interment camps.relocation and internment by the U.S. government1942about 110,000 Japanese Americans and Japaneselived along the Pacific coast of the United Statesto camps called War Relocation CampsNisei2nd generation 80,00020,000 native-born serve in militaryIssei 1st generation immigrantslost homes, businesses, personal belongings

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7. I can analyze the impact of the Japanese interment camps.Korematsu v. U.S. 1944a landmark U.S. Supreme Court caseconcerning the constitutionality ofExecutive Order 9066upheld governments internment policyas justified in wartime1988 - U.S. government recognizes injusticeawards financial compensation to descendents41

7. I can analyze the impact of the Japanese interment camps.In 1980, President Jimmy CarterCommission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians to investigate the campsthe commission's report, named Personal Justice Denied,found little evidence of Japanese disloyalty at the timerecommended the government pay reparations to the survivorsa payment of $20,000 to each individual internment camp survivorin 1988, U.S. government apologized for the internment and stated, actions were based on race prejudice, war hysteria, and a failure of political leadershipU.S. government eventually awarded more than $1.6 billion in reparations to Japanese Americans who had been interned and their heirs427. I can analyze the impact of the Japanese interment camps.destroyed the lives of over 100,000 Japanese-Americans80,000 US citizenslost homes, businesses, personal belongingsendured pain of being thought different from countrymendiminished American value of equality by institutionalizing discriminationcontributed to claim of racism as no similar action taken toward German, Italian Americanseventually resulted in reparation payments of 1.6 billion dollars

438. I can identify the themes of the U.S. World War II propaganda posters.Propagandais used in accordance with psychological warfareto demonize the enemyto spread deliberate fabrications or exaggerations of the truth about their crimes in wartimeto help bring nations to actionto provoke public outcry

448. I can identify the themes of the U.S. World War II propaganda posters.45

8. I can identify the themes of the U.S. World War II propaganda posters.46

8. I can identify the themes of the U.S. World War II propaganda posters.47

8. I can identify the themes of the U.S. World War II propaganda posters.48

8. I can identify the themes of the U.S. World War II propaganda posters.49

8. I can identify the themes of the U.S. World War II propaganda posters.50

8. I can identify the themes of the U.S. World War II propaganda posters.51

8. I can identify the themes of the U.S. World War II propaganda posters.52

8. I can identify the themes of the U.S. World War II propaganda posters..Themes:patriotismself-relianceloyaltyvaluesserviceenlistmentsacrificefinancial support through buying of bondsportray enemy as monstrous, inhuman, evil

539. I can explain why Japan bombed Pearl Harbor.Pearl HarborDecember 7, 194154

9. I can explain why Japan bombed Pearl Harbor.Japanese Imperial AmbitionsManchuria, China, Thailand, Indonesiaconflict with:France French IndochinaNetherlands Dutch East IndiesBritain Burma, India, MalayaUnited States Guam & PhilippinesJapanese expansioninto Manchuria 1931into China 1937 (US protest, demand Japan leave China)into Indochina - 19415556Maps of Manchuria,China, Indochina, Philippines, Guam, etc 9. I can explain why Japan bombed Pearl Harbor.U.S. response:embargocutting off trade with Japanoil, scrap ironessential items for war-making capabilitieswithout oil, Japanese defeat assuredperceived as economic declaration of war by the U.S.US broke Japans secret communication codesknew an attack was imminentissued warnings to Pacific commandersordered fleet to Pearl Harbor, Hawaiifar from Japans reach

579. I can explain why Japan bombed Pearl Harbor.Pearl HarborDecember 7, 19412,400 Americans killed1,200 wounded20 warships sunk/damaged150 planes destroyed

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5810. I can explain why the U.S. was not able to prevent the attack on Pearl Harbor.had broken Japanese codeknew attack was imminentengaged in peace talks in Washington D.C.believed it would come closer to AsiaPhilippinesHawaii too far from JapanPacific fleet ordered to Hawaii - safekeepingrisk of attack force being detected too greattherefore, didnt expect an attack to prevent!5911. I can explain how the Allies dealt with Germany post-WWII.60

Berlin ZonesAllied Occupation Zones11. I can explain how the Allies dealt with Germany post-WWII.61Occupation ZonesGreat Britain, France, United States, in the westwanted to rebuild Germanyproductive industry, united peopleSoviet Union in the eastwanted Germany weak, dividedBerlinwithin the Soviet spheredivided as wellBerlin Blockade/Airlift 1947-48 (video)Berlin Wall - 1961

12. I can define the term iron curtain.Winston ChurchillIron Curtain SpeechWestminster College, Fulton MissouriMarch 5, 1946, "From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent." use of the phrase made it popularly recognized as the division of Europe into East and Westmany consider Churchill's "iron curtain speech" the beginning of the Cold War6212. I can define the term iron curtain.63

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13. I can describe the Truman Doctrine.Harry Truman67

13. I can describe the Truman Doctrine.Truman Doctrinepolicy set forth by President Harry Truman in a speech on March 12, 1947stating the U.S. would support Greece and Turkeywith $400 million in economic and military aidto prevent their falling into the Soviet sphere of influencethe policy of the United States to support free people who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures6813. I can describe the Truman Doctrine.Truman Doctrineconsidered as the start of the Cold Warsynonymous with policy of containmentto contain Soviet expansion to current levelscommitted the U.S. to fight communismthe expansion of the U.S.S.R.to become, a world police power69