Unit 4 Grammar

The -ing form as the Attribu

te and Adverbial

Yesterday, another student and I, representing our university’s student association, went to the Capital International Airport to meet …

… I saw several young people enter the waiting area …

..., she recognized Tony Garcia’s smiling face.

I stood for a minute watching them and then went to greet them.

She stepped back appearing surprised …

Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in smiling, …

When Darlene Coulon from France came dashing through the door, …

… they also express their feelings using unspoken “language” …

动词 -ing 形式在句中作定语和状语是本单元的学习重点。动词 -ing 形式在句中作定语和状语是本单元的学习重点。1. 作定语 动词 -ing 形式可以单独充当名词的前置

修饰语 , 这时有两种情况。(1) 动词 -ing 形式表示“供作 ...... 之用”

的意 思 , 这类作定语的 -ing 形式叫动名词。 a swimming pool = a pool for swimming

1. 作定语 动词 -ing 形式可以单独充当名词的前置

修饰语 , 这时有两种情况。(1) 动词 -ing 形式表示“供作 ...... 之用”

的意 思 , 这类作定语的 -ing 形式叫动名词。 a swimming pool = a pool for swimming

a sleeping cara sleeping car = a car for sleeping= a car for sleeping

(2) 动词 -ing 形式表示“ ...... 的”意思 ,

叫现 在分词。 a sleeping child

working people

the rising sun

动词 -ing 形式短语作定语时一般放在它所修饰的名词之后 , 相当于一个定语从句。如 :

They are visitors coming from several

countries.

The boy standing there is a classmate

of mine.

(1)Four people entered the room looking

around in a curious way.

= Four people entered the room and

looked around in a curious way.

(2)Being poor, he couldn’t afford a TV set.

(1)Four people entered the room looking

around in a curious way.

= Four people entered the room and

looked around in a curious way.

(2)Being poor, he couldn’t afford a TV set.

原因

2. 作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、行为方式或伴随动作等。

2. 作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、行为方式或伴随动作等。

伴随动作

(3)Working hard, you’ll surely succeed.条件

(4)The boy sat in front of the farm-

house, cutting the branch. 伴随(5)He came running back to tell me the

news. 方式

(6)(When) Hearing the news, he got

frightened.

=When he heard the news, he got

frightened.

(6)(When) Hearing the news, he got

frightened.

=When he heard the news, he got

frightened.

(7)The child slipped and fell, hitting

his head against the door. 结果

时间 , 可以在分词前保留 wh

en

Attention Please

动词 -ing 形式作状语时 , 它的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语是一致的。Time permitting, I will pay a visit to the whole city. ( 分词的逻辑主语是 time, 而句子的主语是 I, 两者不构成主谓关系 , 所以只能用独立主格结构 , 也就是给现在分词补充一个主语。 )

She stepped back appearing surprised.

His nose touched

Mr. Cook’s moving

hand.

She stepped back appearing surprised.

=She stepped back and appeared

surprised.

His nose touched Mr. Cook’s moving

hand.

=His nose touched Mr. Cook’s hand

which is moving.

They also express their feelings using

unspoken language.

=They also express their feelings by

the way of using unspoken language.

=They are visitors who come from

several countries.

They are visitors coming from several

countries.

1. The stranger said something in a _______ voice and the little girl was very much _______. A. frightening, frightened B. frightened, frightening C. frightening, frightening D. frightened, frightened

2. Mother caught the boy ______ in the

corner.

A. smoke

B. to smoke

C. being smoked

D. smoking

3. ______ the programme, they have

to stay there for another 2 weeks.

A. Not completing

B. Not completed

C. Not having completed

D. Having not completed

4. “We can’t go out in this weather”,

said Bob, ____ out of the window.

A. looking B. to look

C. looked D. having looked

5. Though _____ money, his parents

managed to send him to university.

A. lacked B. lacking of

C. lacking D. lacked in

6. _______ such heavy pollution

already, it may now be too late to

clean up the river.

A. Having suffered

B. Suffering

C. To suffer

D. Suffered

7. He looked around and caught a man

______ his hand into the pocket of a

passenger.

A. put

B. to be putting

C. to put

D. putting

8. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden

carriage _____ the girl and took her

away, ____ into the woods.

A. seizing; disappeared

B. seized; disappeared

C. seizing; disappearing

D. seized; disappearing

9. ______ in the queue for half an hour. Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited

10. The picture _____ on the wall is painted by my nephew. A. Having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung

Review

动词 -ing 形式能在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语，但不能单独作谓语。

Individual activity

1. _____ their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory. (2008 天津 ) A. To throw B. Thrown C. Throwing D. Being thrown

I. Multiple choice

2. Lots of rescue workers were working

around the clock, ______ supplies to

Yushu, Qinghai Province after the

earthquake. (2010 福建 )

A. sending B. to send

C. having sent D. to have sent

4. He had a wonderful childhood, _____ with his mother to all corners of the world. (2010 安徽 ) A. travel B. to travel C. traveled D. traveling

3. ____ the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height. (2010 上海 ) A. Approaching B. Approached C. To approach D. To be approached

5. It rained heavily in the south, ______ serious flooding in several provinces. (2010 天津 ) A. caused B. having caused C. causing D. to cause6. The news shocked the public, ______ to great concern about students’ safety at school. (2010 重庆 ) A. having led B. led C. leading D. to lead

7. The next thing he saw was smoke ____ from behind the house. (2011 全国 ) A. rose B. rising C. to rise D. risen8. Sarah pretended to be cheerful, _____ nothing about the argument. (2011 全国 II) A. says B. said C. to say D. saying

9. Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, ____ on you feet. (2011 北京 ) A. to keep B. keeping C. having kept D. to have kept10. Mike found his missing car in the street outside his house, _____ newly cleaned and polished. (2011 上海春 ) A. looked B. to look

C. looking D. to be looking

11. More highways have been built in China, ____ it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. (2011 陕西 ) A. making B. made C. to make D. having made

13. ____ around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people. (2011 辽宁 ) A. Gather B. To gather C. Gathering D. To be gathering

12. Do you wake up every morning ____ energetic and ready to start a new day? (2011 湖南 ) A. feel B. to feel C. feeling D. felt

1. When he approached Ms Smith, he

touched her shoulder and kissed her.

______ ___________ Ms Smith, he

touched her shoulder and kissed her.

II. Rewrite the following sentences.

When approaching

2. The person who is translating the songs

can speak seven languages.

The person __________ ___ _____ can

speak seven languages.

translating the songs

3. The boy standing there is reading a

book about body language.

The boy ____ __ ________ there is

reading a book about body language.

who is standing

4. Because he comes from Jordan, he

moves close to ask you a question.

_______ _____ Jordan, he moves close

to ask you a question.

Coming from

III. Using structures

hold … in arms, cry, appear sad

The woman holds her son in arms, crying and appearing very sad.

box, hit on the face, move, steps

The two boxing men try to hit the other

on the face, moving their steps carefully.

ski, laugh, exciting

They are skiing down the hill, laughing

all the way. What an exciting scene it is!

dance, sing, raise arms up, amazing music

They are dancing to amazing music, singing and raising their arms up.

Koala Bear, carry, climb, search for food

Carrying her little baby on the back, the mother Koala Bear climbs up the trees, searching for food.

1. Having not seen the film, I can’t tell

you what I think of it.

2. The men worked for extra hours got

an extra pay.

3. Seen from the top of the hill, we find

the city more beautiful.

4. Generally speak, facial expressions are

helpful communications, too.

Not having

working

Seeing

speaking

IV. 改错

5. “Can’t you read?” the man said,

angrily pointed to the notice on the wall.

6. Knocking at the door before entering,

please.

7. European football is played in 80

countries, made it the most popular

sport in the world.

pointing

Knock

making