THE PLANT KINGDOM

Alberto Serna Ramírez5º de primaria

Tema 4

Flowering plants Most flowering plant use sexual reproduction.

They grow flowers which are their reproductive organs.

These plants reproduce through seeds and produce them in two different ways.

ANGIOSPERMS AND GYMNOPERMS

Non flowering plants Non flowering plants do not produce seeds.

They reproduce asexually using spores.

There are two groups of non flowering plants:

FERNS AND MOSSES

FLOWERING PLANTS

ANGIOSPERMS Pollinate flowers to produce

fruits with seeds inside.Examples: apple tree, cherry

tree… .

GYMNOSPERMS Have small flowers. They don´t

produce any fruits and their seeds develop in cones.

Leaves called needles. Examples: pine tree.

NON FLOWERING PLANTS

FERNS They have roots and strong

stems which grow under the ground.

They have large leaves called fronds. They produce spores inside sori.

MOSSES They have stem and leaves.Their roots are called rhizoids.They produce spores inside

capsule.

Parts of the plantsMost plants have three parts: the roots, the stem and the leaves.

ROOTS : the roots hold the plant in the ground. Roots absorb water and minerals from the ground through the roots hairs.

STEM: the stem hold up the other parts of the plant. It also transports water and minerals. Water and minerals travel through the stem to the leaves for photosynthesis.

LEAVES: contain chlorophyll, a green substance which is necessary for photosynthesis. Leaves have two parts: the petiole and the blade. Veins carry water and minerals. There are tiny holes called stomata.

Plant nutrition Plants make their own food through process called photosynthesis. ROOTS: the roots absorb water and minerals from the soil.

XYLEM CELLS: transport mixture of water and minerals, called raw sap, through the stem to the leaves.

LEAVES: leaves absorb carbon dioxide(CO2 ) through the stomata. Cells called chloroplasts, chlorophyll collects solar energy to transform water, minerals and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen (O2).

PHLOEM CELLS: carry the glucose, the plants food, through the stem to all the parts of the plant.

Nutrition

RespirationLeaves contain stomata, absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen.Plants produce oxygen through the photosynthesis. At night when photosynthesis stops plants release carbon dioxide.

PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis is very important because:

Produce oxygen to breathe

It consumes carbon dioxide

It transform water and minerals into food