Unit 5: Behavior in OrganizationsUnit 5: Behavior in OrganizationsPower, Politics, Conflict and StressPower, Politics, Conflict and Stress

Mr. ElsesserMr. Elsesser

Sports ManagementSports Management

What is Organizational Behavior?What is Organizational Behavior?

The study of actions that affect The study of actions that affect performance in the workplace. performance in the workplace. Organizational behaviorists try to Organizational behaviorists try to

explain and predict actions in the explain and predict actions in the workplace and show how such actions workplace and show how such actions affect performance.affect performance.

AIM: To attempt to create win-win AIM: To attempt to create win-win situations.situations.

(Win-Win Situations: Situations in which both (Win-Win Situations: Situations in which both parties get what they want). parties get what they want).

How does it work?How does it work? Our behavior is driven by 3 components:Our behavior is driven by 3 components:

PersonalityPersonality PerceptionPerception AttitudeAttitude

Understanding how these components Understanding how these components drive behavior provide insight into how drive behavior provide insight into how people will behave in certain situations.people will behave in certain situations. BRAINSTORM: Identify an example in BRAINSTORM: Identify an example in

sports where each component illustrates sports where each component illustrates a prediction of an individuals behavior.a prediction of an individuals behavior.

Examining the Components:Examining the Components:PersonalityPersonality

The combination of traits that The combination of traits that characterizes an individual. characterizes an individual. Personality affects our behaviors, perceptions Personality affects our behaviors, perceptions

and attitudes.and attitudes. Influential factor in hiring processes. Influential factor in hiring processes. WHY? WHY?

Example: Example: Sports Announcers/BroadcastersSports Announcers/Broadcasters

What type of personality does What type of personality does the ideal announcer possess?the ideal announcer possess?

LIVELY IS KEY!!! MUST BE LIVELY IS KEY!!! MUST BE EXTROVERTED & IDIOSYNCRATICEXTROVERTED & IDIOSYNCRATIC..

Classifying PersonalityClassifying Personality Single Traits System of Personality:Single Traits System of Personality:

Locus of controlLocus of control Externalizers vs. Internalizers (Destiny Control)Externalizers vs. Internalizers (Destiny Control)

OptimismOptimism Optimists vs. PessimistsOptimists vs. Pessimists

Risk propensityRisk propensity Risk takers vs. Risk avoidersRisk takers vs. Risk avoiders

MachiavellianismMachiavellianism The degree of abusing power to get what we The degree of abusing power to get what we

want.want. Self-esteem – Self-esteem – opinion of self characteropinion of self character Self-efficacySelf-efficacy – – behaving to achieve goalsbehaving to achieve goals

Classifying PersonalityClassifying Personality The Big 5 Personality Traits:The Big 5 Personality Traits:

ExtroversionExtroversion Extroverts vs. IntrovertsExtroverts vs. Introverts

AgreeablenessAgreeableness Cooperators vs. CompetitorsCooperators vs. Competitors

EmotionalismEmotionalism Emotionally stable vs. Emotionally unstable.Emotionally stable vs. Emotionally unstable.

ConscientiousnessConscientiousness Responsible/Dependable vs. Responsible/Dependable vs.

Irresponsible/Undependable Irresponsible/Undependable

Openness to experienceOpenness to experience The degree of willingness to try new things. The degree of willingness to try new things.

Examining the Components:Examining the Components:PerceptionPerception

The process through which we select, The process through which we select, organize and interpret information from organize and interpret information from the surrounding environment. the surrounding environment. No 2 people experience anything exactly the same.No 2 people experience anything exactly the same. The more accurate information, the more our The more accurate information, the more our

perception models reality. perception models reality. Example: Example:

Why do some people think the Yankees are acting Why do some people think the Yankees are acting fiscally irresponsible and ruining baseball?fiscally irresponsible and ruining baseball?

Why do some of us view a referee’s videotaped Why do some of us view a referee’s videotaped decision as fair while others do not? We all see the decision as fair while others do not? We all see the same videotaped play, don’t we?same videotaped play, don’t we?

PERCEPTION IS NOT THE SAME FOR 2 PEOPLE!!!PERCEPTION IS NOT THE SAME FOR 2 PEOPLE!!!

Examining the Components:Examining the Components:AttributionAttribution

The process of determining why we The process of determining why we behave certain ways. behave certain ways.

EveryEveryone of us tries to find reasons behind one of us tries to find reasons behind behavior every day—our own, those around us, behavior every day—our own, those around us, professional athletes and front office executives—in professional athletes and front office executives—in fact, we do this continually.fact, we do this continually.

Attribution Process: Attribution Process: 1.1. Identify a behaviorIdentify a behavior

2.2. Determine Intent (Situational vs. Intentional)Determine Intent (Situational vs. Intentional)

3.3. Determine Reason for BehaviorDetermine Reason for Behavior

4.4. Determine Behavioral ResponseDetermine Behavioral Response

Bias In PerceptionBias In Perception

Selectivity:Selectivity: The manner in which we screen The manner in which we screen

information to favor the outcome we information to favor the outcome we desire.desire.

Frame of Reference:Frame of Reference: Our bias of seeing things from our point Our bias of seeing things from our point

of view.of view. Stereotyping:Stereotyping:

Where the observer projects Where the observer projects characteristics or behaviors of an characteristics or behaviors of an individual onto a group.individual onto a group.

AttitudesAttitudes

AttitudesAttitudes

Attitudes are positive or Attitudes are positive or negative evaluations of people, negative evaluations of people, things, and situations.things, and situations. Organizations look for people with high Organizations look for people with high

self esteem and positive attitudes self esteem and positive attitudes toward their careers and personal livestoward their careers and personal lives

Usually result in employing loyal and Usually result in employing loyal and reliable workers.reliable workers.

How the Attitudes of How the Attitudes of Management Affect PerformanceManagement Affect Performance Pygmalion Effect:Pygmalion Effect:

Examines how management’s Examines how management’s attitude toward workers, their attitude toward workers, their expectations of them, and their expectations of them, and their treatment of them affect workers’ treatment of them affect workers’ performance. performance.

Example:Example: John Wooden, the legendary basketball John Wooden, the legendary basketball

coach at UCLA (now retired), expected coach at UCLA (now retired), expected excellence from every player. excellence from every player.

Management creates a Management creates a “Self-Fulfilling Prophecy”“Self-Fulfilling Prophecy”

John Wooden’s teams won ten NCAA John Wooden’s teams won ten NCAA national championships. Wooden national championships. Wooden constructed his "pyramid of success" constructed his "pyramid of success" out of such concepts as "keep it out of such concepts as "keep it simple" and "teamwork is not a simple" and "teamwork is not a preference, it's a necessity.”preference, it's a necessity.”

PowerPower

The ability to influence the The ability to influence the actions of others. actions of others.

TYPES OF POWERTYPES OF POWER Position PowerPosition Power

Power that comes with a management or leadership Power that comes with a management or leadership position.position.

Personal PowerPersonal Power Power that is held by charismatic leaders and Power that is held by charismatic leaders and

influential people. influential people.

All types of power can be lost as quick as it All types of power can be lost as quick as it was gained was gained

Examples of PowerExamples of Power

Presidents/Owners, Mgmt Presidents/Owners, Mgmt PersonnelPersonnel Myles Brand, president of the NCAA, is thus Myles Brand, president of the NCAA, is thus

a powerful person, as is every effective a powerful person, as is every effective coach and athletic director. coach and athletic director.

Power of OrganizationsPower of Organizations FIFA is a powerful organization because of FIFA is a powerful organization because of

the influence it wields around the world. the influence it wields around the world. Cultural InfluencesCultural Influences

Nike is a powerful organization because of Nike is a powerful organization because of its ability to shape culture (also around the its ability to shape culture (also around the world) through its products. world) through its products.

The Seven Bases of PowerThe Seven Bases of Power

Coercive powerCoercive power Position power that uses threats or punishment Position power that uses threats or punishment

to achieve compliance. to achieve compliance. Connection powerConnection power

Personal power that uses a relationship with Personal power that uses a relationship with important people to influence important people to influence behaviors/attitudes. behaviors/attitudes.

Reward powerReward power Position power that uses the ability to influence Position power that uses the ability to influence

others by giving them something of value. others by giving them something of value. Legitimate powerLegitimate power

Position power that is given to people by Position power that is given to people by organizations or by society. organizations or by society.

The Seven Bases of PowerThe Seven Bases of Power

Referent powerReferent power Personal power that is voluntarily giving Personal power that is voluntarily giving

someone power over you. someone power over you. Informational powerInformational power

Personal power (sometimes position). Personal power (sometimes position). Deals with people who have information Deals with people who have information or knowledge that others need. or knowledge that others need.

Expert powerExpert power Personal Power. Deals with people who Personal Power. Deals with people who

have expertise or specialized skills that have expertise or specialized skills that others need.others need.

Political PowerPolitical Power

Politics Politics The efforts of groups or individuals The efforts of groups or individuals

with competing interests to obtain with competing interests to obtain power and positions of leadership.power and positions of leadership.

Like power, they can be manipulative Like power, they can be manipulative and destructive. and destructive.

Are a healthy fact of organizational life. Are a healthy fact of organizational life. Aim for the evolution of strong ideas and for Aim for the evolution of strong ideas and for

the company to be the “fittest” possible. the company to be the “fittest” possible.

Types of Political BehaviorsTypes of Political Behaviors

Networking:Networking: Developing relationships in order to gain Developing relationships in order to gain

social or business advantages. social or business advantages. Reciprocity:Reciprocity:

Using mutual dependence to accomplish Using mutual dependence to accomplish objectives.objectives.

Exchanging Favors. Exchanging Favors. Coalition:Coalition:

An alliance of people with similar An alliance of people with similar objectives who together have a better objectives who together have a better chance of achieving their objectives. chance of achieving their objectives.

Developing Political SkillsDeveloping Political Skills

Learn the organizational cultureLearn the organizational culture Learn the power playsLearn the power plays Don’t surprise your bossDon’t surprise your boss Be an honest team playerBe an honest team player Stay tuned to the networking Stay tuned to the networking

grapevinegrapevine Resolve conflictsResolve conflicts

Styles of Conflict ManagementStyles of Conflict Management

Conflict management is based on two Conflict management is based on two dimensions:dimensions: Concern for others’ needs Concern for others’ needs Concern for your own needs.Concern for your own needs.

Results in three types of behavior:Results in three types of behavior: Passive Passive AggressiveAggressive Assertive.Assertive.

Managed through 5 different styles:Managed through 5 different styles: Avoiding, Accommodating, Forcing, Avoiding, Accommodating, Forcing,

Negotiating, & Collaborating.Negotiating, & Collaborating.

BCF StatementsBCF Statements

Method of collaboration to resolve conflict Method of collaboration to resolve conflict that describes conflicts in terms of behaviors, that describes conflicts in terms of behaviors, consequences, and feelings.consequences, and feelings. When you do B (behavior), C (consequences) When you do B (behavior), C (consequences)

happens, and you feel F (feelings). happens, and you feel F (feelings). Example:

When EA Sports decides not to publish a comprehensive instruction manual (behavior), I don’t fare well in my dynasty mode of NCAA 2009 (consequence), and I become very frustrated and angry at my fantasy life (feelings).

StressStress Stress is our body’s internal reaction to Stress is our body’s internal reaction to

external stimuli coming from the external stimuli coming from the environment.environment.

Think of stress as a tug-of-war with you in the center. On your left are ropes (causes of stress)

pulling you to burnout. Stress that is too powerful will pull you off

center. On your right are ropes (stress

management techniques) that you can choose to use to pull you back to the center.

Techniques to Reduce Techniques to Reduce Stress ManagementStress Management

Time managementTime management NutritionNutrition Positive thinkingPositive thinking RelaxationRelaxation ExerciseExercise Support networkSupport network