unit 5 teaching objective master the key words and structures, and learn something about the drug...
TRANSCRIPT
Unit 5
Teaching Objective
Master the key words and structures, and learn something about the drug abuse among athletes. The students should also know the harm of drug abuse.
Teaching Procedures
Key Points
Vocabulary
nerverisk stress
Lead In, Reading of the Text, Exercises, Listening, Speaking, Phonetics, Grammar Tips, Reading Skills, Practical Reading, Practical Writing, Study Guide
Structure
when it comes to that …; as … as; more than;twice/three times more than
Skills
Using the logic of a passage to find out the meanings of wordsReading a fact sheetWriting a fax
confidencepressureside effect
dosepill relieveblood
illegalrelyhave an effect on
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Text Study
Lead In
Language Application
Consolidation
Drills for PRETCO Test
Listening and Speaking
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Lead In
VII. Topic-related Words and Phrases
I. The Olympic Games
II. Drug Misuse and Anti-Doping TestsIII. Ben Johnson
IV. Adrian AnnusV. Health Risks of Doping
VI. Tommy Simpson
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Text Study
I. Global Reading
II. Detailed Reading
1. Questions and Answers 2. Text Analysis
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Consolidation
I. Dictation
II. Words and Phrases
III. Listening Practice
IV. Group Discussion
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II. Speaking
Listening and Speaking
I. Listening
III. Phonetics
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II. Practical Reading
Language Application
I. Practical Writing
Fax
1. Sample
2. Notes of Format
4. Basic Patterns
5. Do It Yourself
3. Language Points
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Drills for PRETCO Test
I. Listening Comprehension
II. Vocabulary and Structure
III. Translation
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The Olympic motto: “Citius–Altius–Fortius,” the Olympic Rings at the bottom
The Olympic Games
Olympia, the setting for the ancient Olympic Games
Gymnasium, Olympia
The 2008 Olympic Emblem with “Faster, Higher, Stronger”
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The origin of the Olympic Games is linked to many Greek myths. The institution of the Olympic Games began in 776 B.C. and lasted for 12 continuous centuries before it was abolished in 393 A.D. The first contemporary Olympic Games took place in 1896 in Athens. The modern Olympic Games are the world’s largest pageant of athletic skill and competitive spirit. But at the same time, they have also been displays of nationalism, commerce and politics, which inevitably result in drug misuse for better performance in competitions.
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Drug Misuse and Anti-Doping Tests To promote their strength and endurance, athletes have long resorted to the use of prohibited substances such as stimulants. The last half of the 19th century saw the beginnings of modern medicine and a significant growth in the use of drugs to improve athletic performance. In 1967 the International Olympic Committee began to take actions against doping. The Olympics over the past three decades have witnessed a lasting war between development of performance-enhancing drugs and study of prohibited substances as well as effective anti-doping tests.
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Ben Johnson
Ben Johnson wins a gold medal and breaks the world record at the 1988 Seoul Olympics.
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At the Seoul Olympics in 1988 Ben Johnson ran the 100 meters in 9.79 seconds, making him the fastest human ever. Only 62 hours later Ben Johnson tested positive for steroid use and was suspended from competition for two years. Prior to Ben’s rise, his Canadian Olympic track coach told him that a sprinter couldn’t hope to go world class without steroids. Johnson, like many of his competitors, began using steroids six years before his stunning victory. In the early 1990s Ben attempted to climb to the top once again. Unfortunately, in 1993, he tested positive again after a Montreal track event and was banned by the International Amateur Athletics Federation (IAAF) for life. His brilliant athletic career was finally over.
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Adrian Annus
Adrian Annus finished first at the men’s hammer throw final event at the 2004 Athens Olympics.
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On 29 August, 2004, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) announced that hammer thrower Adrian Annus from Hungary has been excluded from the Games in Athens for violating IOC anti-doping rules. During the period of the Games, Adrian Annus was tested twice, once pre-competition and once after finishing first at the men’s hammer throw final event on August 22. Both tests were negative. However, an analysis of the two urine samples provided during the period of the Games showed evidence of belonging to two different athletes. The Hungarian Olympic Committee was ordered to return to the IOC, as soon as possible, the gold medal and diploma awarded.
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Health Risks of Doping Apart from undermining the fairness of competition, the use of drugs can actually rebound on the athlete and cause irreversible damage to the health of athletes. So the fight against the practice of doping in sports not only preserves the well being of Olympic sport and the integrity of competition, but also ensures the health of athletes. Prohibited drugs temporarily boost athletic performance, but in the long run, they can lead to liver damage, strokes, heart attacks and so on. Besides, the athletes who took illegal drugs reported birth defects in the children, and other ongoing troubles such as excessive body hair and deep voices.
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Tommy Simpson
His death was plagued with controversy.
He is the first Briton to wear the yellow jersey and finish in the top 10 in the Tour de France.
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Tommy Simpson died on the 13th day of the Tour de France in 1967. The racers were tackling the 6,000ft (1829m) Mt Ventoux when Tommy Simpson slipped off his bike. After ordering onlookers to, “Put me back on my bike” Tommy continued only a short distance before he collapsed and never regained consciousness. An autopsy showed that Tommy had traces of amphetamines in his blood. Investigators also discovered more of the drugs in his hotel room and the pockets of his jersey. His death substantially added to the mounting pressure on the IOC to establish doping-control programs, which they did at the end of 1967.
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Topic-related Words and Phrases
stimulants: any substance that causes an increase in activity in various parts of the nervous system or directly increases muscle activity. Drugs such as caffeine and the amphetamines belong in this category. Athletes use stimulants to boost their muscle power, heighten their oxygen carrying capacity, and transform their endurance.
amphetamines: any one of a group of drugs that are powerful central nervous system stimulants. They can temporarily reverse the effects of fatigue, enhance mental alertness and the ability to concentrate.
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calmers: or depressants, any one of various substances that depress the nervous system. Athletes take some of them to enable them to train and compete despite pain and injury. Others stop an athlete from trembling, reduce their blood pressure, slow their heart rate and have a calming effect.doping: the practice of using prohibited drugs to promote athletic performance.
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Questions and AnswersDirections: Skim the paragraphs for answers to the following questions.
Because drugs help them by building muscles, giving extra strength, killing the pain of injuries or calming nerves.
Paragraph 1:
Question:Answer:
Why do athletes competing in sports use drugs?
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Because he is the most famous of those athletes who took illegal drugs despite the risks of disqualification and bodily damage.
Paragraph 2:
Why was Ben Johnson cited as an example?
Answer:
Question:
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They also took substances to improve sports performance.
Paragraph 3:
What do we know about the athletes in ancient Egypt and Greece?
Answer:
Question:
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Because the development of medical science makes it possible to have a wider choice of pills and drugs.
Paragraph 4:
Why do today’s athletes have a wider choice of pills and drugs?
Answer:
Question:
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Stimulants make the user feel full of energy and confidence. Cyclists, basketball and football players may use them.
Paragraph 5:
In what ways do stimulants help athletes? And which athletes may take them?
Answer:
Question:
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“Calmers” relieve stress, and give the users steady hands and cool nerves. Snooker players, archers and those who shoot may take them.
Paragraph 6:
In what ways do “calmers” help athletes? And which athletes may take them?
Answer:
Question:
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Because they can cause serious health problems, such as heart attacks, when taken in large doses.
Paragraph 7:
Why are the illegal drugs considered dangerous?
Answer:
Question:
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Text Analysis
Main Ideas
Many kinds of drugs are used by athletes to improve sports performance. But they are harmful to the body and illegal.Many athletes still use drugs, for example Ben Johnson, even if they are harmful and illegal.Ancient athletes also took substances to improve sports performance.
1
2
3
Paragraphs
More drugs are available with the development of medical science.
4
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Main Ideas Paragraphs
5Stimulants are used for more energy and confidence in spite of their side effects.
6“Calmers” are used for steady hands and cool nerves.
7The overuse of drugs can cause serious health problems.
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It is every athlete’s life-long dream to be a world winner. However, in the face of keen competition for the championship, winning a gold medal must be a difficult task as well as a real challenge. How can one win? To win at all costs? Even at the cost of taking illegal drugs?
Read In
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All over the world, many kinds of drugs are used by athletes competing in sports. Some are used to build muscles or give the athlete extra strength. Others kill the pain of injuries or calm nerves. Many of them have serious side effects and are harmful to the body when used over a long period of time. Some of them are illegal and athletes are not allowed to take them before an event.
Winning at All Costs
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The risks of disqualification and bodily damage seem to have little effect on some athletes. Perhaps the most famous of them all is Ben Johnson. In 1988, this Canadian athlete became the fastest man in the world while doing so. However, when it was proved that he had relied on drugs to gain the title, Ben Johnson was stripped of the medal and sent home immediately. He was banned from international athletics for two years.
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Taking substances to improve sports performances is not new. Athletes in ancient Egypt drank a mixture of boiled leaves and rose petals before a race. These athletes believed that the drink would make them winners of their events. The winner of the 200 meters at the Olympic Games of 668 B.C. in ancient Greece used a special diet of figs. With the development of medical science, modern athletes have an even wider choice when it comes to pills and drugs.
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Many athletes take stimulants to help them perform well in competitions. Stimulants make the user feel full of energy and confidence. On the other hand, they can also make a person ill-tempered and violent. Although they are officially banned in sport, it is a known fact that many cyclists, basketball and football players use stimulants to make them more competitive. Some athletes also take drugs normally used to relieve stress in patients who suffer from high blood pressure or who have heart problems. Snooker players, archers and those who shoot in competition all need steady hands and cool nerves. It is believed that some athletes have taken these “calmers” for these reasons.
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All these drugs can cause serious health problems if taken in large doses. For example, stimulants are very dangerous. They do not create energy ─ they take it from the body. Eventually, users feel tired and washed out. There is also a danger of having a heart attack when doing hard exercise. This is because people who take stimulants think they can keep going and they push their bodies too far. A British cyclist, Tommy Simpson, and Len Bias, an American basketball player, both died from an overdose of stimulants.
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athlete: n. 1) person who competes in sports 运动员
2) person who has the strength and skill to perform well at sports 身强力壮的人
e.g.
She is a born athlete.
Extended words: athletic, athletics
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keen: a. (a fight or competition) very hard to win 激烈的
e.g.
Safin won the men’s semi-final at the Australia Open after a keen fight against Roger Federer.
e.g.
There is expected to be keen competition in the election of the chairman of the student union.
Extended words: keenly, keenness
Related words: fierce, intense, tough
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challenge: n. sth. new and difficult which requires great effort and determination 挑战
e.g. The newcomer’s first challenge is the complicated relations in the office.
Extended words: challenging, unchallenging
Related word: demanding
Collocation: rise to the challenge 接受挑战，迎战
e.g. He rose to the challenge of organizing the conference all by himself.
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At all cost
at all cost: (something must be done) even if it requires a lot of effort or money 不惜任何代价e.g. The mother asked the doctor to save the
boy at all costs.
Collocation: at the cost of sth. 以……为代价e.g. He worked too hard, even at the cost of his
own health.
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compete
compete: v. try to win by defeating others who are trying to do the same 竞争；比赛
e.g.
Animals compete with each other for food and space.
Collocations: compete with/against sb. 和某人竞争compete in sth. 参加某种竞争compete for sth. 为……而竞争
Extended words: competitive, competition, competitor
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nerve: n.1) one of the group of fibres in your body that
carries message between your brain and the rest of your body, communicating pain, pressure, feelings of heat and cold 神经
e.g. A painful tooth nerve is quite unbearable.
2) boldness; courage 胆量；勇气e.g.
I don’t have the nerve to go bungee jumping.
e.g.
He is a man with a lot of nerve.
Extended word: nervous
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side effect: secondary, usually unpleasant or unplanned effect 副作用
The pill has some side effects including weight gain and headaches.
e.g.
Side effects of modern life are quick-paced life and stress.
e.g.
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when used over a long period of time
Paraphrase:
… when they are used for a long time
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illegal
illegal: a. against the law 违法的；非法的
e.g. It is illegal to sell cigarettes to adolescents.e.g. It is illegal to park your car here, sir.
Extended words: legal, illegally
Related words: lawful, unlawful
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event: n.1) sth. that happens, especially when it is
unusual or important（大）事件e.g. The chief event of 1945 was
the ending of World War II.
2) any of the races, competitions, etc. in a sports program 比赛项目e.g. Which events have you entered for?
Extended word: eventful
e.g. A lot of major sports events have been held in this stadium.
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risk: n. the possibility of meeting danger or suffering harm, loss, etc. 危险；风险
e.g. The reporters are taking a big risk going to the region at war.
e.g. He put his own life at risk by going to the sea in such weather.
v. 1) expose … to danger 使……面临危险e.g. The doctors risked their own lives
to help the SARS victims.
2) accept the possibility of sth. unpleasant 冒险干e.g. Athletes taking illegal drugs risk being
disqualified.
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Extended word: risky
Collocations: be at risk, put … at risk, at the risk of (doing) sth.
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disqualification: n. the act of preventing sb. from doing sth., usually because he has broken a rule or is not able enough 取消资格
e.g.
He faces disqualification for driving while drunk.
Extended word: disqualify
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have an effect on sb.: produce an impression, cause an action, etc. 产生后果，影响
e.g. I’ve told her again and again, but it has no effect on her.
e.g. The book had a significant effect on the whole generation.
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…while doing so.
… while doing so.
Paraphrase:
… while he was using illegal drugs.
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However, when it…
However, when it proved that he had relied on drugs to gain the title, Ben Johnson was stripped of the medal and sent home immediately.
Paraphrase:
But when it was clear that Ben Johnson had used drugs to win the championship, his medal was taken back and he was immediately banned from competition.
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prove: v. show that sth. is true or certain by means of argument or evidence 证明，证实
e.g. He failed to prove that he was innocent.
e.g. He was accused of exaggeration; but now his theory of population proves to be correct.
Extended word: proof
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rely on/upon: count or depend on 依赖
e.g. We increasingly rely on computers to work.
e.g. I know I can always rely on you to work out a solution.
Extended words: reliable, reliant, reliance
Related words: depend, dependable, dependant, dependence
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strip (sb. of sth.): v. take away (property, honours, etc.) from sb. 剥夺
e.g. The officer was stripped of his rank and all his privileges after he had been proved corrupt.
e.g. Stripped of all his possessions, he was rejected by all his friends.
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put/impose/place a ban on sth./sb. 禁止某事 /某人
ban: 1) v. officially forbid 明令禁止
e.g. The government bans smoking in the public.
2) n. order that bans 禁令e.g.
The government put a ban on the import of poultry from bird-flu-stricken areas.
e.g. He was banned from attending the ceremony.
Extended word: ban sb. from doing (sth.) 明令禁止某人做某事
Related words: forbid, prohibit
Collocation:
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athletics: n. physical exercises and competitive sports 体育运动
e.g. They are having an athletics meeting.
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substance: n. particular type of matter 物质
e.g. Water and ice are the same substance in different forms.
e.g. Some unknown substance was detected in the meteorite ( 陨石 ).
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performance: n.1) (especially outstanding) action or achievement 表现e.g. He was promoted to the position of manager for
his excellent performance.
2) playing (a piece of music) or acting (a play) to entertain the audience 表演
e.g.
Will you come and watch our performance tonight?
e.g. Your performance in the exam is not very satisfactory.
Extended word: perform
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ancient: n. belonging to times long past 古代的，古老的
e.g. China is one of the cradles of ancient civilization.
e.g. Villagers there still keep their ancient traditions.
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on a diet 节食
diet: n.1) sort of food that is usually eaten
(by a person, community, etc.) 日常食物，日常饮食
e.g. Japanese diet of rice, vegetables and fish is good for your health.
2) limited variety or amount of food that is eaten for a special purpose （适合某种疾病或有助于减肥等的）特种饮食
e.g.
Doctors suggest a low-salt diet for the old.
Collocation:
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With the development…
With the development of medical science, modern athletes have an even wider choice when it comes to pills and drugs.
Paraphrase:
Since medical science has developed rapidly, present-day athletes can use a variety of pills and drugs.
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when it comes to (doing) sth.: when it is a matter of (doing) sth. ……当说到的时候
e.g. She finds it hard to resist the temptation when it comes to food.
e.g. He is an expert when it comes to gardening.
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stimulant: n.1) drug that increase physical or mental
activity and alertness 兴奋剂
e.g. Coffee and tea are mild stimulants.
2) event, activity that encourages greater or further activity 起刺激作用的事情
e.g.
Discount is no longer a stimulant to consumption.
Extended words: stimulate, stimulating, stimulation
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confidence: n.1) firm trust 信赖，信心e.g. Don’t put too much confidence in his words.
2) feeling of certainty; trust in one’s own ability 把握，自信
e.g.
You should have more confidence in yourself.
e.g. We have lost confidence in him.
Extended word: confident
e.g.
The interviewee answered all the questions with great confidence.
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…it is a known…
… it is a known fact that many cyclists … use stimulants to make them more competitive.
Paraphrase:
… we all know that many cyclists … take stimulants so that they can become more competitive.
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competitive: a.1) of or involving competition 竞争的e.g. Modern society is competitive.
2) able to do as well as or better than others 有竞争力的
e.g.
Prices offered by us are very competitive in the market.
e.g. You have to be highly competitive to survive in modern society.
3) having a strong urge to win 好胜的
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Some athletes also…
Some athletes also take drugs normally used to relieve stress in patients who suffer from high blood pressure …Paraphrase:
Some athletes also take drugs which are normally used by patients who suffer from high blood pressure to lessen discomfort.
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relieve: v. lessen or remove (pain, distress, anxiety, etc.) 减轻
e.g. This drug can relieve your pain.
Extended words: relief, relieved
e.g. New subways have been built to relieve traffic jams.
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stress: n. (pressure or worry resulting from) mental or physical distress, difficult circumstances, etc. 压力，忧虑
e.g. He moved to the country to escape from the stresses of modern city life.
Extended word: stressful
e.g. All the employees here suffer from stress.
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All these drugs…
All these drugs can cause serious health problem if taken in large dose.
Paraphrase:
All these drugs can cause serious health problem if too much of them are taken.
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dose: n. amount of medicine to be taken at one time 一次剂量
e.g. Please make sure that you take the correct dose.
Extended word: dosage
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eventually: ad. in the end, at last 最后，终于
e.g. We eventually arrived after a 26-hour train ride.
e.g. He tried so many times in vain, and eventually gave up.
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washed out: very tired and lacking in energy 疲惫的
e.g. She looked washed out after her illness.
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This is because…
This is because people who take stimulants think they can keep going and they push their bodies too far.Paraphrase:
The danger of having a heart attack exists since stimulants drive athletes to overreach themselves.
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keep going: continue moving along or doing sth. that one has started, even if one is tired and would prefer to stop 坚持
e.g. “I forced myself to keep going. And I made it,” he recalled proudly.
e.g. “Keep going!” she encouraged me.
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other stimulants
overdose
Anti-Doping Doping to performance in sports has a history that goes all the way back to the ancient games in Greece. Athletes in ancient Greece ate special of things like dried figs to give themselves an edge over their
The first recorded doping death occurred in 1886 when the cyclist Arthur Linton died from an of illegal drugs. In the 1930s and 40s amphetamines and were commonly used.
_______________________
diets _______
_____________
competitors ________________ .
improve
Dictation
Dictation Directions: Listen to the passage and fill in the blanks.
___________
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But not until 1967 did the Olympic Committee establish a special organization to fight doping in sports. By the 1972 Munich Games, testing had become more widespread and seven athletes tested positive for drugs and were of their medals. Despite the risks of and serious health problems, today’s athletes take illegal drugs to become more and toconfident relieve stress
banned stripped
___________________ ._____________
disqualification _____________________
____________
___________
Dictation
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strip
ban
effect
prove
___________
___________
___________
____________
Words and Phrases1
officially forbid
take away (property, honours, etc. from sb.)
result or consequence of an action
show that sth. is true or certain
Words and Phrases
Directions: Write out a word according to the meaning
given below.
Section A
1.
2.
3.
4.
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substance
rely
confidence
compete
risk
stress
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
Words and Phrases2
depend
particular type of matter
trust in one’s own ability
try to win by defeating others
the possibility of meeting danger or suffering harm, loss
pressure or worry resulting from difficult circumstances
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
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athletics
1. Although your (perform) was good in the contest, hers was even better, so the gold medal went to her.
2. The Olympic Games is an international (athlete) meeting, held every four years at a different site.
____________
performance _________________
Words and Phrases3
Directions: Complete the sentences with the proper
forms of the words given in parentheses.
Words and Phrases
Section B
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3. It is (legal) to sell alcohol to teenagers.4. Before he went up to the stage, he gave a
(confidence) smile.5. The team was (disqualification)
from the competition in the first round.6. Inexperienced speakers tend to be
(nerve) when speaking to a large audience.7. Our products are very (compete)
in both quality and price.
nervous
confident
illegal
competitive ________________
disqualified ________________
__________
_________
____________
Words and Phrases4
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8. I can place absolute (rely) on my best friend when I meet with difficulties.
9. It is (risk) to take calming drugs in large doses.
10. She waved good-bye to her son with a (mix) of pride and sorrow.
risky
reliance
mixture
___________
____________
________
Words and Phrases5
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at all costs
1. The poor mother was even her right to visit her son.
2. The boss told us to get the contract signed
stripped of
_______________ .
_______________
Words and Phrases6
ban from have no effect on at all costswhen it comes to die from strip of prove relieve risk rely on
Directions: Fill in the blanks with words and phrases
chosen from the following box. Change the
forms where necessary.
Section CWords and Phrases
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relied
risk
prove
on
3. The results that the reform has been effective and the living standard has improved.
4. You have too heavily your parents. It is high time for you to live your own life.
5. Don’t asking him about his past. He is very sensitive about that.
6. The company was operating within the border of our country.
_______
________
banned from_________________
_____
Words and Phrases7
ban from have no effect on at all costswhen it comes to die from strip of prove relieve risk rely on
___
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died from
relieve
when it comes to
7. He is an expert food and drink.8. His failure to win the championship seems to
him. He just behaves as usual.9. Many soldiers wounds as there were not
enough medicines.10. It is said that chocolate can depression
and cheer you up.
_______________________
effect on
_____________
_________
Words and Phrases8
ban from have no effect on at all costswhen it comes to die from strip of prove relieve risk rely on
have no_____________
___________
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Listening Practice
In ancient times, any athletes from Greece could compete in the Olympics held in Greece.In today’s Olympics, winning athletes can put their hometowns on the map.Winning athletes might become leaders in their own hometowns in ancient Olympics.
Listening Practice
Directions: Listen to the following passage. And decide whether the following sentences are “T” or “F.”
Key
FT
FT
FT
Script
1.
2.
3.
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Listening Practice
Athletes might have other jobs, but many of them employed professional trainers to train them.
Key
FT 5.
Only Greek boys who excelled in sports could join athletic training to prepare for the Olympics.
FT 4.
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The ancient Olympics were rather different from the modern Games. There were fewer events, and only free men who spoke Greek could compete, instead of athletes from any other countries. Also, the games were always held at Olympia instead of moving around to different sites every time. Like our Olympics, though, winning athletes were heroes who put their hometowns on the map. Different from today’s practices, their hometowns might reward them with free meals for the rest of their lives, money, or leadership positions in the community.
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Athletic training was a basic part of every Greek boy’s education, and any boy who excelled in sports might compete in the Olympics. Ancient writers tell the stories of athletes who worked at other jobs and did not spend all their time in training. Many athletes employed professional trainers to coach them, and they kept training and dietary routines much like athletes today.
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Directions: Listen to the following passage. After listening to the passage, discuss the following questions in small groups. A couple of students will represent their groups to report their discussion to the whole class. Students are encouraged to make use of the vocabulary they have learned from the text. The following words and expressions are also for your reference.
Group Discussion1
Group Discussion
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What do you think of an athlete competing in international sports meetings, representing a country other than his/her own motherland?
Reference words and expressions:
Script
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patriotism, nationalism, commitment to one’s country, countryman, duty, responsibility, national flag, national anthem, honor, national dignity, arouse/stir ( 激发 ), corporate interests ( 集体利益 ), takes priority over sth. ( 比……更重要 ); emigrate, citizenship, individual interests, individual development, realize one’s dream, make one’s dream come true, achieve one’s goals, fulfillment, accomplishment, pursue, career, coach, train, reward, invest one’s time/effort in (doing) sth., sacrifice, fair play ( 公平竞争 ); athletic spirits, never give up, passion; promote international communication, enhance international friendship, introduce ( 引进 ) advanced expertise and techniques, keep up with, encourage, motivate ( 激励 ), in the interests of… ( 为了……的利益 ), Olympic motto: faster, higher, stronger
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Today, the Olympic Games are the world’s largest pageant of athletic skill and competitive spirit. At the same time, they are also displays of nationalism, commerce and politics. Athletes winning gold medals also bring great
He Zhili （何智丽）
great honor to their country. For this reason, it is not rare for some athletes to leave their motherlands, and to compete as citizens of some other nations in the Olympics.
Unit 5
An athlete can migrate ( 移民 ) to another nation and represent that nation when entering for the Olympic events. Take Chinese ping pong players for example. There are so many outstanding players in China, but only a lucky few of them can compete in the Olympics as a member of the Chinese national team. Some ping pong players choose to leave China and to play for another nation. As a matter of fact, former members of the Chinese national team now playing for other nations are considered the biggest rivals of Chinese ping pong players.
Unit 5
Don’t mention it
M1: By the way, John, M2: Sure. What is it?M1: There is a football match tomorrow afternoon
at the stadium, but I don’t think I have time to buy the ticket.
M2: No, not at all. M1: M2: _______________________.
Listen to the recordings and fill in the blanks with what you hear.
can you do me a favor
Would you mind
How can I ever thank you_________________________________ ?
Dialogue 1
______________________ ?
_____________________________ ?
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M: Karen? You didn’t come to class yesterday?
W: and it hurts very much.M: Oh, How do you feel
now?W: I am not feeling well.M: Here is a bottle of
drink water.W: M: Have you taken anything
for it?That’s quite all rightThat’s very kind of you____________________________ ._______________________________ .
What’s wrong with you
I have a sore throat
You should drink more water______________________________________ .
I am sorry to hear that
___________________________
_______________________________ .
______________________________ ,
Dialogue 2
Unit 5
Don’t worry
W: I got some vitamin C from the drugstore, but
M: W: Yes, I think I will.M: I hope you’ll feel better soon. Let
me know if there is anything I can do.W: Thanks, Mathew. That’s very nice of
you_______________________________ .
_________________ .
Why don’t you see a doctor____________________________________ ?
it hasn’t done much good__________________________________ .
Unit 5
Listen to the recordings and answer the following questions.
1. A) The aim of the conference is to set up an
independent anti-stimulant organization.B) The aim of the conference is to give
stimulants a clear-cut definition. C) The aim of the conference is to reach
agreement on the question to fight against the use of stimulants.
D) The aim of the conference is to set up a new committee.
Script
Key
Which of the following statements is false?Script
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2.
A) A reporter.
B) An athlete who took illegal drugs.
C) Chairman of the IOC.
D) A representative.
Key
Who is Samaranch?Script
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3.
A) 350.
B) 450.
C) 550.
D) 500.
Key
How many people attended the Conference?
Script
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The World Sports Anti-Stimulant Conference opened on February 2, 1999. It was a big step taken by the International Olympic Committee in its fight against using of stimulants over the last 30 years. The aims of the Conference were to set up an independent anti-stimulant organization; to give stimulants a clear-cut definition; to reach agreement among sports organizations and institutions on the question of how to fight against the use of stimulants.
Unit 5
In his speech at the Conference, Samaranch, chairman of the IOC recognized that because of some of its members’ misconduct the international Olympic movement faced a serious crisis in the past few weeks. The Conference covered the following topics: how to protect athletes’ health; precautions against use of stimulants; legal and financial problems related to using of stimulants. Five hundred representatives from different organizations took part in the Conference.
Unit 5
Read and get familiar with the following expressions.
Useful ExpressionsThank you for your advice.You’re welcome.How can I ever thank you.Don’t mention it.That is very kind of you to buy the drug for me. Think nothing of it.I am very grateful to you for the basketball tickets. That’s quite all right.I really appreciate your help. My pleasure.
Unit 5
Read the dialogues and pay attention to the underlined expressions.
Dialogue 1
M: Can I help you, Madam?W: Yes. Is there a fitness center at this hotel?M: Yes, Madam, the center is on the ground floor
of the hotel.W: Is it open yet?M: Yes, Madam, it is open from Monday to Saturday
from 9:30 a.m. till 8:00 p.m.W: Thank you very much.M: My pleasure.
Unit 5Dialogue 2
W: Mike, thank you for your flowers. They are so lovely.
M: That is OK. Would you like to have dinner with me today?
W: Sure. It is very nice of you. M: It is my pleasure. What about going to watch
the football after that?W: That’s great! How can I ever thank you? M: Think nothing of it. I’ll pick you up at 5
o’clock. W: That is very kind of you.M: Don’t mention it. See you.
Unit 5
Work with your partners and act out the following situations.
Situation 1 You ask your partner to buy some drugs for you from the drugstore, and he/she does it. In return, you invite him/her to have pizza.
Situation 2 You are going to do some shopping. Your partner asks you to buy a pair of tennis rackets. You do it and your partner expresses his/her gratitude.
Unit 5
Centering Diphthongs[] [] []
Listen and imitate, paying attention to the pronunciation of each sound.
Unit 5
Listen and repeat, paying attention to the pronunciation rules of the letters and letter combinations in bold type.
[] [] []
here share
poor
dear wear tour
cheer chair sure
Unit 5
Phonetics3
Listen and practice, paying attention to the pronunciation of the words in bold type.
1. God could not be everywhere and therefore he made mothers.
2. Where there is a will, there is a way.3. Her dear is poor as a rat. 4. Experience keeps a dear school. 5. There won’t be much fear even in this
dear year.
Unit 5
Sample1
Textile Import-Export Co., Ltd.
86-21-62888888
35 Humin Road, Shanghai, P.R. China
（发件公司名称）
（发件公司电话）
（发件公司地址）
（发件公司传真号）
86-21-62888800
Sample
Tel Fax
Unit 5
Shanghai Textile Co., Ltd.（收件公司名）Fax Cover Sheet
To:
Mr. J. Chen, Manager（具体发件人名字及职务）
From:
Mr. L. Huang, Sales Manager
（具体收件人名字及职务）ATTN.:
February 3, 2005 （发件日期）Date:
REQUEST FOR QUOTATION （发件事由）Subject:
1 （传真总页数）No. of Page(s):
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Dear Mr. Huang:
We are very interested in the sweater the sample of which you sent to us on January 29th. Please quote a price.
Yours faithfully,J. Chen
Manager （具体内容）
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Notes of Format
1) 传真没有固定的格式，主要分为两部分：抬头和具体内容。抬头的样式可以根据个人喜好、公司风格进行设计。但是一般的抬头都包括以下内容：在最上方是发出传真的公司的名称、地址、电话和传真的号码，对一个公司来说这些信息是固定不变的；接下来一般是个固定的表格，其中有 To （致）、 From （自）、 Date（日期）、 Subject （事由）、 Total pages （总页数）等项目，在发传真时填写。
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（发件公司名称）（发件公司地址）Tel （发件公司电话） Fax （发件公
司传真号）
To: （收件公司及具体收件人）From: （具体发件人名字及职务）Date: （发件日期）Subject: （发件事由）No. of Page(s): （传真总页数）
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To: （收件公司及具体收件人）From: （具体发件人名字及职务）ATTN: （送交） Date: （发件日期）Subject: （发件事由）No. of Page(s): （传真总页数）
Subject （事由）这一项也可以省略，因为在正文中会交代。在 To （致）这一栏中的具体收件人可以填他的名字和 / 或职务。有时这个表格中还有 ATTN （送交）这一项，这时，在 To （致）这一栏中只需填收件公司的名称，而在 ATTN（送交）这一栏中填具体收件人的名字和 / 或职务。
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2) 收到传真后，根据传真纸的抬头就能知道传真是由哪里发出的，回传真的号码是什么，传真又该回给谁。
3) 传真的具体内容也不拘形式，可以是图片，也可以是文字；可以是便条，也可以是正式的信函，这些由具体需要、讨论的事宜和双方的关系决定。
Unit 5
Language Points
1) 如果传真的具体内容是较正式的商务信函，一般都会使用正式的称呼和署名，而信函的正文应该简洁明了，把需要说的事情说清楚即可，不要做不必要的寒暄。以下的称呼和署名都适用于正式信函。
2) 如果知道收件人的姓名，称呼一般是 Dear Mr./Ms….; 否则可以用 Dear Sir or Madam 。
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3) 正文和称呼之间空一行，正文结束后，空一行写 Yours faithfully 或 Yours sincerely, Yours truly 等，然后换行署全名。有时可以加上写信人的职务。
例如：Dear Sir or Madam:
正文
Yours faithfully,署名职务
Unit 5
Basic patterns1
1) These days, we communicate with our business partners by fax.
Basic Patterns
2) Please fax a copy of the agreement to us.
3) I have faxed five hotels there to check their price.
现在，我们通过传真和商务伙伴联系。
请将协议传真一份给我们。
我给那里的五家酒店发了传真询价。
Unit 5
Basic patterns2
4) Please fax us your quotes together with your catalog.
5) Thank you for your fax of October 15. Below is our catalog with the quotes.
6) We have read your quotes. Your prices are not very competitive.
请把贵公司的产品目录和报价单传真给我们。
感谢贵方 10 月 15 日的传真。以下是我们的产品目录及报价单。
我们看了贵方的报价。贵方的价格不是很有竞争力。
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10) I’d be glad if you could fax your quotation without further delay.
Basic patterns3
7) We can adjust the prices according to the quantity of your requirement.
8) Looking forward to your early reply.
9) On May 5 I sent you a fax inquiring the prices, but I have not received your reply yet.
我们可以按贵方购买的量调整价格。
期待您早日回复。
我在 5 月 5 日发传真询价，但至今没有收到贵方的答复。
希望贵方能尽快把报价传真给我们。
Unit 5
Do It Yourself
This part is to test your ability to do practical writing. You are required to translate a Fax according to the following information in Chinese. You should include all points in the following table.
Unit 5
To Mr. J. Chen, Manager Textile Import-Export Co., Ltd.
From Mr. L. Huang, Sales Manager
Tel 86-21-62888888
Tel 86-21-35001100
Fax 86-21-62888800
Fax 86-21-35001101
Date February 5, 2004
Total Page(s)
2
Shanghai Textile Co., Ltd.131 Yan’an Road, Shanghai, P.R. ChinaTel: 86-21-35001100 Fax: 86-21-35001101
Fax Cover Sheet
Unit 5
Dear Mr. Chen:
（我们很高兴贵方对我们的产品有兴趣。我们的产品目录及报价附在第二页。我们非常希望能和贵方合作。期待贵方早日答复。）
Yours faithfully,L. Huang
Sales Manager
We are very glad to learn that you are interested in our product. On the second page is our catalog with the quotations. We are looking forward to establishing a corporate relation with you. Looking forward to your early reply.
________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
_______________
Unit 5
Directions:
Practical Reading
Read the following Fact Sheet. Then complete the chart following it with the information you have got from the Fact Sheet.
Note: A fact sheet is a short, printed document with information about a particular subject, especially a summary of information that has been given on a radio or television program.
Unit 5
Fact Sheet: Tsunamis (海啸 )A tsunami is a series of waves that may be dangerous and destructive.BEFORE•Find out if your home is in a danger area.•Be familiar with the tsunami warning signs.•Make evacuation (撤离 ) plans.DURING•Listen to a radio or television to get the latest emergency
information, and be ready to evacuate if asked to do so.•Stay away from the beach. Never go down to the beach t
o watch a tsunami come in. If you can see the wave you are too close to escape it.
Unit 5
•Return home only after authorities advise it is safe to do so.
AFTER•Stay tuned to a battery-operated radio for the latest emergency information.
•Help injured or trapped persons.•Stay out of damaged buildings. Return home only when authorities say it is safe.
•Enter your home with caution.
Unit 5
Before a tsunami, one should find out if
If yes, he should make During a tsunami, if one can see the wave he is
One should not return home until after
After a tsunami, one need a to get the latest information.
to escape it
dangerous area
battery-operated radio______________________________
it is safe to do soauthorities advise
too closeevacuation plans______________________ .
his home is in a_____________________ ._____________________
________________ .____________
________________________
_______________________ .
Unit 5
Section A Directions: This section is to test your ability to
understand short dialogues. There are five recorded dialogues in it. After each dialogue, there is a recorded question. Both the dialogues and the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, you should decide on the correct answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).
Listening Comprehension
Unit 5
A) It’s a pity the woman had to meet Kate. B) They would meet Kate.C) The woman arrived too late to meet Kate.
D) The woman shouldn’t be late again.
1.
Key
Script W: I am sorry to be late.M: What a pity! Kate was here, and she
wanted to see you.Q: What does the man mean?
Unit 5
Listening Comprehension3
2.
A)Her friend.B)Her boss.C) A policeman.D) A customer.
W: Excuse me, sir. May I take your order?M: Yes, please.Q: Who is the woman speaking to?
Script
Key
Unit 5
Script3.
A) Husband and wife.B) Boss and secretary.C) Customer and shop assistant.D) Master and servant.
W: Hurry up. We will be late for the movie.M: But it’s you who spent two hours
deciding what to wear.Q: What’s the possible relationship
between the man and the woman?
Key
Unit 5
4.
Script M: Can you help me typing my essay?W: I haven’t finished my own yet.Q: What does the woman mean?
A) She will type his essay later.B) She won’t type his essay.C) She hasn’t typed his essay yet.D) She will finish typing his essay soon.
Key
Unit 5
M: Hello, I have an appointment with Mr. Brown.
W: Mr. Brown is waiting for you in his office.
Q: Where did this conversation take place?
5.
A) In a bar.B) At Mr. Brown’s office.C) In a hotel. D) At the front desk of a company.
Script
Key
Unit 5
Section B Directions:
This section is to test your ability to understand short conversations. There are two recorded conversations in it. After each conversation, there are some recorded questions. Both the conversations and the questions will be spoken twice. When you hear a question, you should decide on the correct answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).
Unit 5
Key A) He never goes to bars. B) He knows Shanghai very well.
C) He is a visitor to Shanghai.D) He goes to bars very often.
Script
Q: What do we know about the man?
Script6
.
Unit 5
A) She invited him to go to a newly-opened bar with her.
B) She suggested he go to the bar alone.C) She invited the man to a party at her
home.D) She invited the man to a meeting at
8:00.
Key
Script7
.Q: What does the woman suggest to the
man?
Unit 5
Are you enjoying your trip to Shanghai?Oh, yes. I really like it here.Would you like to do something tonight?Sure. What do you suggest?Let me see. I know a bar was newly opened.That’d be great. I haven’t been to any bar here yet. I am curious about Shanghai’s night life.How about meeting at 8:00 and going there together?Great! See you then. See you.
W:M:W:M:W:M:
W: M:W:
Conversation 1
Unit 5
Q: What is the woman?8.
A) A nurse.B) A doctor.C) A friend of the man.D) A pharmacist.
Script
Key
Script
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Q: Which of the following is not mentioned in the conversation?
9.
A) Eye drops.
B) Aspirin.C) Cough pills. D) Vitamin C.
Script
Key
Unit 5
Key
Q: Why does the man need eye drops?10.
A) Because he has poor eyesight. B) Because his cold makes his eyes
uncomfortable.C) Because he reads too much. D) Because he has tired eyes.
Script
Unit 5
Good afternoon. Can I help you?Yes, please. Could I have something for a headache? I guess I have got a cold.Well, I suggest a bottle of aspirin. And you should get a bottle of vitamin C, too.Thank you. And what do you have for a cough?Then try this cough syrup. It’s very good.And maybe because of the cold, my eyes are dry and itchy.I think this bottle of eye drops is what you need.Oh, thank you so much.You are welcome.
W:M:
W:
M:W:M:
W:M:W:
Conversation 2
Unit 5
Listening Comprehension15
Section C
Directions: This section is to test your ability to comprehend short passages. You will hear a recorded passage. After that you will hear five questions. Both the passage and the questions will be read twice. When you hear a question, you should complete the answer to it with a word or short phrase.
Unit 5
theory of relativity
change our view
_________________________ .
41
_____ .
He was famous for his
He was
How old was Einstein when he won the Nobel Prize?
Script
What was he famous for?Script
11.
Script How important is his theory?
His theory has helped of the world.
13.
12.
______________________
Script
Unit 5
Because his theory had never been and was very complicated.
Because at that time were not advanced enough.
technologies and equipments
Why couldn’t his theory be proved at first?
______________________________________
heard of before ____________________
Why couldn’t scientists of his time understand his theory at first?
Script
Script
14.
15.
Unit 5
Albert Einstein is one of the greatest theoretical physicists of all time. He advanced the theory of relativity in 1905 when he was only 25. In 1921 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for his outstanding achievement. Einstein’s theory has helped change our view of the world. It deals with both the atoms and the whole universe at the same time, and relates space with time. Important as his theory is, Einstein worked out his theory mostly in the laboratory of his mind. His theory had never been heard of before and it was so complicated that even scientists could not understand it at first. And at that time, technologies and equipments were not advanced enough to prove his theory. It was years later that experiments
Unit 5
experiments and discoveries in different fields showed his theory to be correct. And even today’s scientists cannot fully understand all of his theory.
Unit 5
Vocabulary and Structure1
Section ADirections: In this section, there are five
incomplete sentences. You are required to complete each one by deciding on the most appropriate word or words from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).
Vocabulary and Structure
Unit 5
16. A: Mary speaks English. B: .D_____
Mary speaks English. 是肯定句，对它的回答也应该是 表肯定的句式，所以可以排除选项 A 。而选项 B 的语
序适用于上下文是指不同的两个人。选项 C的语序适用于 上下文指同一个人，因此正确答案为 D “。 So + do
+ ”主语 的结构中， so的意义相当于 in the same way “ ” “ ” “，有 同样 、 也那样 的意思。 So + 主语+do”的结构中， so的意义相当于indeed， certainly “ ” “ ”，表示 不错 、 对了 。
A) Neither does Joe. B) So does Joe.C) So she does. D) Both B and C.
Unit 5
C17. These days, we have many ._____
Vocabulary and Structure3
A) woman doctor
B) woman doctors
C) women doctors
D) women doctor
由 man, woman 加另一个名词合成的名词，它们变为复数时，需将第一个和第二个词素都变成复数，因此正确答案为 C 。
Unit 5
18. A: They were not home. B: before you arrived.B_____
A) They can leave
B) They must have left
C) They should have left
D) They must leave
本句是根据上文的陈述做出推测，而推测的对象是过去的事件，这时应该用 must have done 的结构，因此正确答案为 B 。
Unit 5
19. A: I like learning new things. B: I wish I your brains. I am too stupid.A____
A) had
B) would have
C) have
D) had had
动词 wish 后的宾语从句要用虚拟语态，在本句中说话人对现在的情况表示不满和遗憾，宾语从句中的动词应该采用过去式，因此正确答案为 A 。
Unit 5
20. our walk it began to rain.D_____A) Not until we had begun … that
B) Hardly we had begun … when
C) Not until had we begun … that
D) Hardly had we begun … when本句的正确答案为 D ，意为“我们刚开始散步天就开始下雨了”。因为 hardly 含否定含义，主句必须倒装。如果想表示“直到我们开始散步天才开始下雨”，应该说 Not until we had begun our walk did it begin to rain 。
_____
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22. I am (true) grateful for what you have done for us.
21. The child is the most (trouble) I have ever seen.
truly _______
troublesome ________________
Section B Fill in each blank with the proper form of
the word given in brackets.Directions:
这是我见过的最让人头疼的孩子。
衷心感谢你为我们所做的一切。
Unit 5
25. The tsunami is (disaster) to the tourist industry of that area.
24. It is hard for those from well-to-do countries to imagine there are still millions living in (poor).
23. He asked them to debate the issue in the (present) of a third party.
presence
_____________
poverty __________
disastrous ______________
来自富裕国家的人很难想象还有成百万的人生活在贫困中。
这场海啸对那个地区的旅游业来说，是个灾难。
他要求他们在有第三方在场的情况下讨论这件事。
Unit 5
26. For all that I said, he shook his head in (disapprove).
27. They have given us (heart) support since we initiated this project.
28. There is a notable (resemble) between the two stories.
resemblance _________________
hearty _________
disapproval ________________
自从我们启动这个项目以来，他们给予了我们热情的支持。
这两起之间有明显的相似之处。
尽管我说了那么多，他还是摇头表示反对。
Unit 5
30. We (wonderful) at the mixture of magnificence and exquisiteness of the palace.
29. The side effects of this stimulant are (know) to scientists yet.
wondered
unknown
_____________
_____________
这座集宏伟与精致于一身的宫殿，让我们叹为观止。
科学家目前还不清楚这种兴奋剂的副作用。
Unit 5
Directions:
This part is to test your ability to translate English into Chinese. After each sentence numbered from 31 to 34, you will read four choices of suggested translation. You should choose the best translation and write your translation of sentence numbered 35 in the corresponding space.
Translation
Unit 5
Key
31.
A ）他的建议最合理，我只得接受他的建议。B ）他的建议非常合理，我只得接受他的建议。C ）他的建议非常有感觉，我不能但是必须接受他的建议。D ）他的建议最合理，我不能但是必须接受他的建议。
His suggestion was most sensible, and I could not but accept his suggestion.
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Key
32.
A ）尽管我尽了力，他还是拒绝了邀请。B ）由于我的努力，他拒绝了那个邀请。C ）尽管我努力了，他还是抛弃了邀请。D ）由于我的努力，他抛弃了邀请。
For all my efforts, he rejected the invitation.
Unit 5
Translation4
Key
33.
A ）我不太关心流行音乐，但是我喜欢歌剧。B ）我很不关心流行音乐，但是我喜欢剧院。C ）我不太喜欢流行音乐，但是我喜欢歌剧。D ）我很不喜欢流行音乐，但是我喜欢剧院。
I don’t care much for pop music, but I love opera.
Unit 5
Key
34. I didn’t mean to hurt you. I meant it as a joke.
A ）我不是故意要伤害你。我的意思是这只是个玩笑。B ）我不是故意要伤害你。我只是开个玩笑。C ）我的意思不是伤害你。我故意开个玩笑。D ）我的意思不是伤害你。我的意思是想开个玩笑。
Unit 5
The first westerners to discover the island wondered how any one could have survived on such an isolated, treeless place. Indeed, this was a mystery until recent evidence showed that the island was once heavily forested with giant now-extinct palm.
Key 首批发现该岛的西方人不明白，人怎能在这个与世隔绝、荒凉的地方活下来。事实上，这一直是个谜，直到最近人们发现证据，表明该岛曾经长满了现已灭绝的巨型棕榈树。
35.