Unit 5 VocabularyHands Across the Hemisphere

Illustrated Glossary

a member of a Nahuatl-speaking people that founded the Mexican empire conquered by Cortes in 1519

Aztec

beret

a soft, round hat without a brim that is traditionally worn angled to one side

Campesinos

a native of a Latin-American rural area; especially a Latin-American Indian farmer or farm laborer

Conquistadors

Spanish conquerors who hunted for treasure in the New World and agreed to give one fifth of Spain part of any treasures they found

country

a nation or state; a region, territory, or large tract of land distinguishable by features of topography, biology, or culture

cuisine

a style of preparing food

culture

the way of life of people who share similar customs and beliefs. This includes characteristics of people such as language, music, art, food, religion, clothing and holidays

cultural diversity

peoples who have differences in language, gender, socioeconomic class, religion, and other human characteristics and traits

cultural exchange

a process in which different cultures share ideas and ways of doing things, often called cultural diffusion

empanada

a Spanish or Latin America turnover filled with a sweet or savory filling

empathy

the ability to understand others’ responses to a situation by identifying their own responses to a similar situation

a group of people who share a language, a religion, a history and cultural traditions

ethnic group

Francophone

of, having, or belonging to a population using French as its first or sometimes second language

legal, political, and moral claims to conditions necessary for the well-being of individuals. Philosophically, human rights are based on

concepts of human dignity and nondiscrimination among individuals. Legally, these rights are based on national constitutions, laws, and international treaties that oblige governments to behave in certain

ways toward persons under their authority.

human rights

immune

having a high degree of resistance to a disease; to be safe from getting a disease

a member of the Quechuan peoples of Peru maintaining an empire until the Spanish conquest

Inca

independence

free from the influence or control of another; self-governing

Inuit

a member of a group of Eskimoan peoples inhabiting the Arctic from northern Alaska eastward to eastern

Greenland, particularly those of Canada

a member of a group of Indian peoples chiefly of Yucatán, Belize, and Guatemala whose languages are Mayan

Maya

Mestizos

people of mixed Spanish and Native American descent. Most Latin Americans are Mestizos

New World

the term used by European explorers when referring to the newly explored land of the Western Hemisphere

political group that wants independence for Quebec

Parti Quebecois

Quiet Revolution (1976) -

In 1976 an overwhelming majority of Quebecers voted the Parti Quebecois into office. Times seemed auspicious for Quebec

independence. One of the Parti Quebecois' first moves was to pass a French-only law, even though French had already been made the sole official language of Quebec in 1974. Bill 101, the French Language Charter, reflected the Quebecois' fear of becoming a

minority in their own province.

referendum

the principle or practice of submitting to popular vote a measure passed on or proposed by a legislative body or

by popular initiative

refugee

one that flees; especially a person who flees to a foreign country or power to escape danger or persecution

rural

of or relating to the country, country people or life, or agriculture

Separatists

an advocate of independence or autonomy for a part of a political unit (as a nation)

squatter

one that settles on property without right or title or payment of rent

urban

of, relating to, characteristic of, or constituting a city

the half of the earth comprised of North and South America and its surrounding waters

Western Hemisphere

Important People

Jacques Cartier French navigator & explorer for Francis I; explored Gulf of Saint Lawrence (1534), sailed up Saint Lawrence River to site of Montreal (1535)

1926- Cuban leader (1959- ); instituted communist regime; repelled Bay of Pigs invasion (1961)

Fidel Castro

Fidel Castro’s brother and new leader of Cuba. Raul Castro has always been known as Fidel's enforcer — the ideologically hard-line, iron-fisted watchdog of his big brother's regime.

Raul Castro

Genoese navigator & explorer for Spain; with the Santa María, Niña, and Pinta sailed from Spain and landed (Oct. 12) at island in the Bahamas; made additional voyages in 1493, 1498, and 1502;

explored Caribbean islands, coast of Central America, South America

Christopher Columbus

Spanish conquistador; conquered Aztec Empire for Spain (1519-21); made governor of Mexico (1523)

Hernando Cortes

Spanish Dominican missionary & historian; secured passage of laws to protect Indians from slavery; wrote

several works on America

Bartolome de las Casas

wife of president of Argentina (1946-55, 1973-74); claimed to speak for the people; brought about economic reforms and public works,

but administration marked by graft, suppression of civil liberties

Evita Peron

Spanish conquistador; conquered Peru and founded Lima as new capital

Francisco Pizarro

Mexican painter; a leader of Mexican politico-social school of painting; best known for leftist-oriented murals on native historical themes

Diego Rivera