Unit 6Animal

Intelligence

Part I Before Reading Part II Detailed ReadingPart III After ReadingPart IV Assignments

Before Reading1. English Song --- Ben

Ben

Michael Jackson

Questions about the Song

2. Animal Ranking

6BR （ Ben ）

Ben

Michael JacksonMichael Jackson is more than just an extraordinarily popular singer and a wonderfully gifted dancer: he is a phenomenon that has forever left an imprint on the music industry.

Chronology of Michael Jackson

Michael Jackson was born.

1958

Michael joined his brothers in the .

1965

Michael released his first solo album, Ben.

1972

Michael’s landmark album Thriller was released.

1982

Jackson Five

Michael married Lisa Marie Presley, daughter of rock innovator and cultural icon Elvis Presley.

1994

Michael and Lisa Marie were divorced in an amicable manner.

1996

Michael married Deborah Rowe, an assistant to his dermatologist ( 皮肤科医生 ).

1996

Chronology of Michael Jackson

His first child, Prince Michael Jackson Jr. , was born.

1997

His daughter, Paris Michael Katherine, was born.

1998

Michael and Deborah got divorced.1999

Chronology of Michael Jackson

Questions about the Song -- Ben

Q1. How does Michael feel about Ben? Why?

They are friends, because they find comfort in the company of each other.

Questions about the Song -- Ben

Q2. Do you think the song Ben reveals something about the relationship between man and animals? If so, what is it?

Yes. Animals always seem to be able to understand just how we feel. If they don’t really understand every word we say, it often seems as if they do.

Questions about the Song -- Ben

Q3. Is the song related to the theme of the unit --- animal intelligence? How?

Yes. If Ben is a friend, he thinks and feels like a human being.

Questions about the Song -- Ben

Q1. How does Michael feel about Ben? Why?

Q2. Do you think the song Ben reveals something about the relationship between man and animals? If so, what is it?

Q3. Is the song related to the theme of the unit --- animal intelligence? How?

Animal Ranking

Students are required to rank those animals according to their intelligence and explain the reasons behind the ranking. Examples, anecdotes, personal experiences, scientific findings, etc. may be cited.

Pig Dog Dolphin Elephant Monkey

Click the words in red!

Animal Ranking

Students are required to rank those animals according to their intelligence and explain the reasons behind the ranking. Examples, anecdotes, personal experiences, scientific findings, etc. may be cited.

Pig Dog Dolphin Elephant Monkey

Animal Ranking

Students are required to rank those animals according to their intelligence and explain the reasons behind the ranking. Examples, anecdotes, personal experiences, scientific findings, etc. may be cited.

Pig Dog Dolphin Elephant Monkey

Animal Ranking

Students are required to rank those animals according to their intelligence and explain the reasons behind the ranking. Examples, anecdotes, personal experiences, scientific findings, etc. may be cited.

Pig Dog Dolphin Elephant Monkey

Animal Ranking

Students are required to rank those animals according to their intelligence and explain the reasons behind the ranking. Examples, anecdotes, personal experiences, scientific findings, etc. may be cited.

Pig Dog Dolphin Elephant Monkey

Animal Ranking

Students are required to rank those animals according to their intelligence and explain the reasons behind the ranking. Examples, anecdotes, personal experiences, scientific findings, etc. may be cited.

Pig Dog Dolphin Elephant Monkey

Rat Parrot Ant Cat

Click the words in red!

Animal Ranking

Rat Parrot Ant Cat

Animal Ranking

Rat Parrot Ant Cat

Animal Ranking

Rat Parrot Ant Cat

Animal Ranking

Rat Parrot Ant Cat

Animal Ranking

Detailed Reading1. Understanding the Text Structure Part Division of the Text2. Text Reading 1) Part I 2) Part II 3) Part III 4) Part IV 5) Part V

Part Division of the Text

1

2

3

1~2

3~6

7~10

Some animals demonstrate intelligence when dealing with captivity and human beings.

Some animals are intelligent enough to know how to bargain with people.

Animals like whales can assess a situation and act accordingly.

Parts Paras Main Ideas

4

5

11~12

13

Animals can sometimes be tricky.

Animal intelligence is meant to serve survival.

Part Division of the Text

Parts Paras Main Ideas

What Animals Really Think

Part I (Paras 1~2)

According to the author animals will do their best thinking if they think it is necessary.

Q1: When does the author think animals will probably do their best thinking?

Because they have close contact with animals and the author can get some information from their experience.

Q2: Why did the author talk to people like vets, animal researchers and zookeepers?

He thinks that the sorties are more convincing than any scientific research. What’s more, it gives hint to new research.

Q3: What does the author think of the sorties they told him?

intelligence:n.1) ability to learn and understand

The children were given an intelligence test.

2) news, information, esp. with reference to important events

他最终搞到了敌人计划的秘密情报。

He managed to get the secret intelligence of the enemy’ s plans.

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controversy: n. a lot of discussion and argument about sth., often involving strong feelings of anger or disapproval (followed by over or about)

This is a question that has given rise to much controversy.

对于他的书的出版引起了激烈的争议。

There is a bitter/heated controversy over the publishing of his books.

Collocation ：beyond/without controversy

无可争议， 无疑，不消说

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explore: vt. 1) examine thoroughly; learn about 工程师们已经对在这条河上建桥的可能性做了仔细探察。

The engineers have already explored the possibility of building a bridge over the river.

The repairman explored my car and said he would fix it tomorrow.

2) travel over (a region, area, etc.) for the purpose of discovery

不论大人还是孩子都认为探索太空一定非常刺激。The man will explore the Sahara Desert on foot.

Both adults and children think that it must be extremely exciting to explore space.

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encounter: vt. 1) meet esp. unexpectedly

他在街上偶然遇见一位老友。

He encountered an old friend on the street.

2) come up against

The more dangers we encounter, the harder we should push forward.

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convince: vt. make (sb.) feel certain; cause (sb.) to realize

我深信他的诚实。

I’m convinced of his honesty.

We finally convinced the police of our innocence.

Pattern:

be convinced of 确信，承认

be convinced that 确信，承认

convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事

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dominant: adj. ruling; stronger, more powerful, or more noticeable than other people or things

查理 · 卓别林是美国电影工业上极有影响力的人物。

Charlie Chaplin was a dominant figure in the American film industry.

He is a dominant person in the company.

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What Animals Really Think

Part II (Paras 3~6)

Q1: Why did Colo break the key chain and only give Jendry a link?

Colo thought she could get a piece of pineapple for each link, in this way, she could get many pieces of pineapple.

Q2: How did Chantek try to expand the money supply?

Chantek wanted to expand the money supply by breaking chips in two or make copies of tin foil.

Q3: Why did Chantek give Miles the stem after he ate all the grapes?

Because he later remembered that Miles had asked him to share the food.

Introduction to Gorillas

It’s the largest of the great apes. The male is heavily built and may stand 1.7 m (5.5 feet) in height, with an arm spread of 2.4m (7.8 feet). It has a large with a short , prominent ( 突起的 ) , thin , and small . The female is smaller than the male. This huge animal has formidable ( 可怕的 ) canine ( 似犬的 ) , yet it feeds on fruit and vegetables and has no natural enemies.

Listen to the following passage and fill in the words you hear.

head neck mouth lips

ears

teeth

Most of the day is spent on the ground; they usually walk on all four limbs leaning on the knuckles ( 手指关节 ) of their , but occasionally upright. Gorillas live in ____8___ groups. The young gorillas very well, but old ones stay almost on the ground. At night, the gorilla family on the ground in nests made of branches and leaves. Gorillas are hard to keep in captivity, for they are likely to get human diseases, such as tuberculosis ( 结核病 ). Gorillas, generally, are a center of

in most of the big cities.

hands

family climb

sleeps

attraction

all the time

Introduction to Gorillas

negotiate: vi. discuss in order to come to an agreement

The labor decided to negotiate with the employers about their wage claims.

政府拒绝和恐怖分子谈判。

The government refused to negotiate with terrorists.

Pattern: negotiate for sth.

negotiate to do sth.

negotiate with sb.

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就（某事）进行交涉 / 协商

协商…

就（某事）与…进行交涉/

达成协议

maintain: vt. 1) keep up; retain; continue

他的健康正在好转中。

The improvement in his health is being maintained.

2) support

He has worked hard to maintain his family.

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CF: maintain, support, uphold & back

maintain 指“使保持某种情况或状态而不受损害”，“使保持完整所给予的力量”。

The government maintains the law.

support 系常用词 , 指“支撑” ,“ 给某人或物以积极援助或支持”。We should support each other.

uphold 指“对某人、某种活动、信仰等给予支持、道义上的支援或精神上的鼓舞”。

His words upheld me greatly.

back 指“支持 ( 论点、行动、企业等 )” 。

这四个词都有“支持，支撑”的含义。

I’ll back you up in your demands.

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CF: maintain, support, uphold & backFill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.

1. He was in the argument about insurance policy.

4. There was too little food to life.

2. Microsoft intends to its position as market leader.

3. The Supreme Court is expected to the death sentence.

reveal: vt. 1) bring to view; show

His worn jacket revealed his elbows.

2) make known (something concealed or secret)

这些事件总有一天会真相大白的。

One day the truth about these events will be revealed.

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relieve: vt. free (sb.) from pain, anxiety, etc.

Taking a part-time job would relieve you of the financial burden.

听说你已安全到达，我们就放心了。

We are relieved to hear that you have arrived safely.

Pattern: relieve sb. of sth.

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减轻，解除

A species of large ape related to chimpanzees, gorillas, and man. It is the largest fruit-eater in the world and is known to eat at least 200 species of fruit.

Introduction to Orangutan

The prominent flanges of fat at the side of the face are very striking in large adult males. The jaws project forward from the face, the eyebrow ridges is only slightly pronounced, and the eyes and ears are small. The coat is coarse, long, and shaggy, especially over the shoulders and arms, where it may grow to 45 cm (18 inches) in length. And the arms and hands are extremely long. When extended the arms may span 2.4 m (7.8 feet) and their length is exaggerated because the standing height of the animal is only 1.4 m (4.5 feet).

undertake: vt. carry out; take upon oneself (a task, etc.)

如果我们要承担更多的工作的话，我们就得再多招些人。

We’ll have to employ more staff if we’re to undertake more work.

The United Nations is supposed to undertake the role of global peace-keeper.

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figure out: understand; reason out

我想不出那位戴墨镜的女士是谁。

I couldn’t figure out who the lady with the sunglasses was.

I can’t figure her out, one minute happy, the next sad.

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extend: v. 1) (cause to ) stretch or reach

Rain is expected to extend to all parts of the country by this evening.

2) make larger or longer

我们把厨房扩大出一块吃饭的区域。

We’ve extended the kitchen to give us room for a dining area.

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Collocation

extend for 延 续 … ( 距离 )

extend from 从…伸出来

extend out 伸出

extend over 延续… ( 时间 ), 遍布

extend through... 贯穿… , 达到整个…的长度

CF: extend & prolong

extend 可以用于比喻意义上的“延长”，或范围的“扩展”。

the extended meaning of a word 词汇的引伸意义

to extend (or lengthen) one’s stay 延长某人的逗留

The railway will be extended next year.

prolong 通常表示时间的“延长”。

Alfred had deduced that the Danes were no longer fit for prolonged battle.

这两个词都有“延长，伸长”的意思。

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expand: v. 1) (cause to) grow larger (in size, number or amount)

这个公司已从一个小公司发展到拥有 12个分公司了。

The business has expanded from having one office to having twelve.

2) speak or write at length or in detail

The professor will expand on a hot topic in his lecture.

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CF: expand & swell

expand 侧重指“上下、左右、前后的面或体的伸展”。

Iron expands when it is heated.

swell 强调“由于内在的压力或外加某物而使增高或加大至超过正常情况”。

His injured wrist began to swell.

这两个词都有“扩展，延伸”的意思。

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CF: expand & swellFill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.

1. The enrolment of our university to 4,000 this year.

2. We have into the automobile service market.

envy: vt. wish that you had a quality or possession that another person has

他突然成了百万富翁，许多人都羡慕他的好运。

He became a millionaire overnight. Many people envied him for his good luck.

Pattern: envy sb./sth.

envy sb. sth.

envy sb. for sth.

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2. n. feeling of disappointment and resentment (at another’s better fortune)

She was filled with envy at her sister’s success.

2) object of such feeling

他那部豪华的新车是他所有的朋友羡慕的东西。

His splendid new car was the envy of all his friends.

Collocation ：lost in envy 非常嫉妒

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What Animals Really Think

Part III (Paras 7~10)

Q1: What do behaviorists say about animals’ willingness to cooperate?

They say that animals cooperate when they learn it is in their interest to do so.

Q2: And what does the author think of it?

The author thinks that the reasons are not enough.

Q3: Why did Gail speak so highly of Orky?

Because Gail thought Orky could make judgment and take actions according to situations.

Q4: Is Corky a male whale or a female whale? How do you know?

A female whale. Frome the sentence “When Orky’s mate, Corky, gave birth …” we know Corky is a female whale.

in one’s interest (s): for or to one’s advantage

尽管这项工作很难，但你承担下来对你是会有利的。

It would be in your interests to undertake this task although it’s very difficult.

Collocation ：lose interest 失去兴趣

take interest in 对…产生兴趣

with interest 有兴趣地

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Killer whales are robust animals. Males grow to 6.7 -8.2 m (maximum 9.5 m) and weigh 3,600-5,400 kg). Females are smaller at 5.2-7.3 m and they weigh 1,400-3,600 kg). The head has a characteristic bulbous melon. The flippers are highly mobile and rounded, looking like large paddles. In males, these flippers can measure 2x1.2 m. The most striking feature is the large dorsal fin. It is tall ( 1.8 m or more) and triangular in males and may even be curved slightly forward. In juveniles, the dorsal fin is smaller and falcate (sickle-shaped). The coloration is basically black dorsally and white ventrally.

Appearance of Killer Whale

The killer whale is an opportunistic feeder and that is reflected in the wide spectrum of prey species on its diet. It included a range of marine mammals, such as large baleen whales, including the blue whale and the humpback whale, beaked whales, dolphins, porpoises, pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, elephant seals and walruses) and sea otters. There is also some evidence for cannibalism in killer whales. The diet also includes a large number of fish species. The killer whale also takes marine birds, especially penguins, and turtles as well as squid and octopus.

Feeding

http://www.gg88.net/A002/G0053/Wallpapers.htm

judgment: n. 1) opinion about sth.

在你看来是什么导致学生们考试不及格？In your judgment, what has caused the students’ failure in the examination?The manager made an unfair judgment of his new secretary’s work.

2) ability to form valuable opinions and make good decisions

我很钦佩爸爸的判断力，每件事都听他的建议。I respect my father’s judgment and always follow any advice he gives me.

He showed excellent judgment in choosing the wine.

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at first: at the beginning

一开始天挺热，但后来变凉了。

At first it was very hot, but then it got cooler.

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CF: at first, first & firstly

at first 用于提及有先后顺序的事物，或事件中的前者。

I rejected his invitation at first, but I changed my mind two days later.

first 和 firstly 用于陈述一系列的原因、观点等，或指在另一特指的时间以前。常与 second ， secondly ， third ， thirdly 等连用。

I must finish my homework first.

这三个词（组）都表示“起先，开始”的意思。

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at first, first & firstlyFill in the blanks with the words or phrase above. Change the form where necessary.

2. When people get their newspaper, which page do they read ?

4. There are two reasons. __________, there is no evidence that the original documents have been destroyed. Second, Jack saw them the day before yesterday.

1. I’d like to tell you some background information, then I’ll explain some difficult sentences in the text.

3. You’ll find it difficult __________, but later it’ll get easier.

go wrong: stop working properly; experience trouble

All their plans went wrong.

I didn’t watch the live opening ceremony of the World Cup yesterday because my television went wrong again.

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size up: carefully examine (a situation or person ) in order to make a judgment

父亲审查我男朋友的方式让我感到难堪。

I felt embarrassed by the way my father sized up my boyfriend.

I don’t like the way the sales assistants in that shop size you up as you walk through the door.

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release: vt. 1) free from something that binds, fastens, or holds back; let go

动物园的一些动物被从笼里放了出来。

Some animals in the zoo had been released from their cages.

Death finally released him from the cancer torture.

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2) allow (news) to be known or published; allow (a film) to be exhibited or (goods) to be placed on sale

昨天我买了一些迈克尔·杰克逊最新出的唱片。I bought some recently released discs of Michael Jackson yesterday.

His new novel about September 11 terrorist attack was released last week.

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What Animals Really Think

Part IV (Paras 11~12)

Q1: Why did Shewman give Melati another orange?

Because Melati looked Shewman in the eye and held her hand, which made Shewman think the orange must have rolled off somewhere Melati couldn’t get.

Q2: Where did Towan hide his orange? What does the act reveal?

Towan hide the orange underneath his foot.

Towan watched Melati did the trick, so did exactly what Melati had done.

deceive: vt. try to make (sb.) believe sth. that is false

You deceived me, and I can’t forgive you.

他们欺骗老人，让他在文件上签字。

They deceived the old man into signing the papers.

He that once deceives is ever suspected.

[ 谚 ] 骗人一次 , 受疑一世。

Pattern: deceive sb.

deceive sb. into (doing) sth.

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look sb. in the eye(s): look directly and steadily at sb. because you are not embarrassed or ashamed

你能看着我说不是你打破玻璃吗？

Can you look me in the eye and say you didn’t break the window?

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Collocation ：look about 环视

look after 照料，照顾，照管

look down on 看不起，轻视

look forward to 盼望，期待

look into 朝…里面看；调查，观察

look up to 尊敬，钦佩

original: adj. 1) first or earliest

原先的计划优于我们所执行的计划。

The original plan was better than the plan we followed.

The land was returned to the original owner.

2) newly formed or created; not copied or imitated

他新买的衬衫是范思哲的原创。

His newly bought shirt is an original design of Versace.

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What Animals Really Think

Part V (Para 13)

survive: v. 1) remain alive

A few were killed but most survived in the earthquake.

2) continue to live or exist after

她在车祸中幸存下来。

She survived the accident.

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wipe out: get rid of or destroy

银行同意将他们的债务一笔勾销。

The bank agreed to wipe out their debts.

The population of the island was almost wiped out by the disease.

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After Reading

1. Useful Expressions2. Text Analysis3. Word Choice4. Summary Writing5. Interview

Useful Expressions

1. 为 了自己的利益

serve one’s own purpose

2. 动 物智慧

animal intelligence

3. 达 成 交易

make a deal

4. 白眼

a blank stare

5. 精明的 还价者

a careful bargainer

6. 理 解 ，悟出

figure out

7. 道德习惯

virtuous habits

8. 为 了 某 人 的利益

in one’s interest

9. 作 出 判断

make judgments10. 起先

at first

Useful Expressions

11. 紧急救护

emergency care

12. 出故障， 有毛病

go wrong

13. 呕吐

throw up

14. 估量 ， 判断

size up

15. 保 持平衡

keep steady

Useful Expressions

16. 滑入

slide into

17. 离开

move off

18. 凝视

hold one’s gaze steadily

19. 让步，屈服

give in

20. 消灭， 消除

wipe out

Useful Expressions

Text Analysis -- Transition1. Headings and subheadings For example, in this text we have three subheadings for three parts of the main body of the passage. They are: “Let’s Make a Deal”, “Tale of a Whale”, “Primate Shell Game”. The subheading directs readers’ attention to another demonstration of animal intelligence. 2. Anaphora (前指 ) Anaphora is seen in the use of words to refer to something, somebody or some event previously mentioned.

Text Analysis -- TransitionAnswer the following questions:

What does “it” in the first line of Para. 4 refer to?

What does “the problem” in the first line of Para. 10 refer to?

What does “this whole trick” in the first line of Para.12 refer to?

The key chain held by Colo.

The keepers couldn’t reach the baby whale to help it.

Melati deceived her keeper into giving her two oranges instead of one.

Text Analysis -- Transition

3. Conjunctions

Conjunctions also pave the way for a smooth transition of ideas. Take the first sentence of Para. 6 for example: “Miles also tried to teach Chantek more virtuous habits such as saving and sharing.” The conjunction “also” connects this paragraph with the previous one. “Such as” introduces a new example to be mentioned in the sentences to follow.

Word ChoiceFill in the blanks with the words and phrases in their proper

forms. You are given more words and phrases than needed.

size up wipe out throw up figure out in sb.’s interest

give in go wrong at first go far make a deal

1. I missed the live opening ceremony of the 14th Asian Games because my television __________ again.

2. Some factories ________________ some African countries as a possible market for their motorcycles.

went wrong

have been sizing up

size up wipe out throw up figure out in sb.’s interest

give in go wrong at first go far make a deal

3. I ________ with you -- you wash the car and I’ll let you use it tonight.

4. It took me two hours to ________ how to start the new washing-machine.

will make a deal

figure out

5. My parents showed no signs of ________ to my demand for a computer.

6. Whole villages were ________ in the flood.

giving in

wiped out

Summary Writing

The author of this article has been working for many years on the ( 动物智能 ) . She realized that if animals can think,

(它们会在能为自己所用的时候，而不是科学家让它们思维的时候作出最佳思维 ). In the example of “Let’s Make a Deal”, Jendry’s and Miles’s experiments with Colo and Chantek revealed the evidence that ( 动物有以物换物的技能 ). In another story of “Tale of a Whale”, Laule found that animals want to cooperate with human beings when they

animal intelligence

they will probably dotheir best thinking when it serves their own purposes, not

animals have the skills in trading one thing for another

when scientists ask them to

learn (合作于己有利时 ). Moreover, they can assess a situation, ( 然后根据自己的判断采取行动 ).

( 有时动物的智能可以从其欺骗的企图中得以证明 ). A case in point is Melati and Towan. Animal’s horizons are more limited than ours, but it is still comforting to realize that

( 动物却也能退后一步清醒地审视周围的世界 ).

it is in their interest to cooperate and then do

something based on the judgments they made

Sometimes evidence of intelligence can be seen in attempts to deceive

animals can stand back and assess the world around them

Summary Writing

InterviewDivide the class into pairs. Each pair shall conduct an interview

based on the information in the text. One acts as a reporter, the other as the interviewee.

Suppose you are a reporter from the program “Animal World”, you are interviewing the author of the article on animal intelligence with the information in part 1 and 2 as a clue.

Situation 1

Suppose you are a reporter from the program “Discovery”, you are interviewing Gail Laule, the consultant on animal behavior about animal intelligence. Use the information in part 3 as a clue.

Situation 2

Situation 3Suppose you are a reporter from the program “Animal Planet”, you are interviewing Helen Shewman, the zoo keeper of Seattle’s Woodland Part Zoo about animal intelligence. Use the information in part 4 as a clue.

Assignments:

1.Do exercises of Part II, Part III (Text B, for home reading) and

Part IV (Theme-related Tasks);

2. Read aloud Paras 1~2 and learn them by heart;

3. Do the pre-reading task of Unit 7 and preview Text A of Unit 7.