unit 1 ways of learning supplementary readingafter readingdetailed readingglobal readingbefore...
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Unit 1 Ways of LearningUnit 1 Ways of Learning
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Part Division of the Text
Parts Para(s). Main Ideas
1 1~5
2 6~13
The text begins with an anecdote.The author’s thoughts are mainly about different approaches to learning in China and the West.
3 14 The author winds up the text with a suggestion in the form of a question.
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Paraphrase the sentence.
Because he was so young and didn’t quite know that he should position the key carefully to fit into the narrow key slot, he would usually fail.
Because of his tender age and incomplete understanding of the need to position the key just so, he would usually fail.
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Paraphrase the sentence.
Benjamin was not bothered at all.
Benjamin was not bothered in the least.
Translate the sentence into Chinese.
本杰明一点也不在意。
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Paraphrase this part of the sentence.
And to help explain Chinese attitudes toward creativity.
… and to throw light on Chinese attitudes toward creativity.
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What does the desired action refer to?
Positioning the key carefully to fit into the slot.
… since the child is neither old enough nor clever enough to realize the desired action on his own, what possible gain is achieved by having him struggle?
In your opinion, what possible gain can be achieved by having Benjamin struggle?
Open-ended.
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Paraphrase the sentence.
He is likely to get frustrated and angry.
You use “may well” when you are saying what you think is likely to happen.
He may well get frustrated and angry.
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What do the two activities refer to?
Having a good time and exploring.
He was having a good time and was exploring, two activities that did matter to us.
Paraphrase two “activities that did matter to us”.
Tow activities that were important to us.
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Analyze the structure of the sentence.
The subjunctive mood is used here.
Whether he be present or absent, we shall have to do our part.
… whether it be placing a key in a key slot, drawing a hen or making up for a misdeed …
Paraphrase the sentence.
No matter whether it is placing a key in a key slot, drawing a hen or making up for some mistakes.
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What does making their boldest departures mean?Doing sth. different from an established rule or
tradition.
… young Westerners making their boldest departures first and then gradually mastering the tradition …
Translate this part into Chinese.
西方的年轻人先是大胆创新，然后逐渐深谙传统。
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Can you analyze the structure of this sentence?
But assuming that the contrast I have developed is valid, and that the fostering of skills and creativity are both worthwhile goals …
assuming + that-clause: 假定……You use assuming that when you are considering a possible situation or event, so that you can think about the consequences.
Assuming that we all work at the same rate, we should be finished by January.
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Translate the sentence into Chinese.
Can we gather, from the Chinese and American extremes, a superior way to approach education, perhaps striking a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills?
我们能否从中美两个极端中寻求一种更好的教育方式，它或许能在创造力与基本技能这两极之间获得某种较好的平衡 ?
Do you think that we can find a better way to approach education, which strikes a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills?
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attach: vt. fasten or join (one thing to another)
She attached an antenna to the radio.
A tag was attached to each article.
Pattern:attach sth. to sth.be attached to sth.
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initial: adj. of or at the beginning; first
最初的会谈是后来达成协议的基础。
the initial letter of a word
The initial talks were the base of the later agreement.
一个词的首字母
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await: vt. wait for
He was anxiously awaiting her reply.
他早就期待着这个时刻了。
He has long awaited this moment.
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on occasion: now and then
It has, on occasion, created trouble for the bank.你有时使人们感到诧异。You have on occasion surprised people.
这两个词组非常相似，但意思不同。on occasion 有时，间或。on the occasion of 在…之际。
on occasion & on the occasion ofCF:
on the occasion of sb.’s wedding
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neglect: vt. give too little attention or care to neglect one’s meals and sleep
离开时别忘了锁门。Don’t neglect to lock the door when you leave.
这几个词都有忽略、遗漏之意。neglect, ignore & omitCF:
Those who neglect their duties should be punished. 玩忽职守者应受惩罚。Why do they always neglect the traffic regulation. 他们为什么老是不注意遵守交通规则呢？
neglect 指对职责、义务或应做的事没有给予足够的注 意。这种忘记可能是有意的，也可能是无意的。例如：
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ignore 指疏忽、不顾，强调对某人或某物故意不理会， 有时还带有固执地拒绝的意味。例如：
When I saw Tom, I stopped to greet him, but he ignored me and walked on.
当我看到汤姆时，我停下来和他打招呼，但他没有理我继续往前走。The teacher ignored my difficult questions.
老师对我的难题置之不理。
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omit 指因专注或疏忽而忘记某事，这种失误可能是有意或 无意的。该词还可指删除不利或不必要的东西。例如：
She should not omit to visit the museum.
她不应忘了去参观博物馆。The third part of the book may be omitted.
该书的第三部分可以删掉。
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relevant: adj. directly connected with the subject
His color is not relevant to whether he’s a good lawyer.
该证据与此案有关。The evidence is relevant to the case.
Pattern:be relevant to
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investigate: 1. vt. try to find out information about
Scientists are investigating how the plane crash occurred.If you hear such a rumor, investigate it thoroughly.
2. vi. make a detailed inquiry
investigate into an affair
investigate into a rumor
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这几个词都有调查、检查之意。investigate, examine & inspectCF:
They investigated the cause of the accident.
他们调查了事故的原因。The police are investigating the murder.
警方正在调查这件谋杀案。
investigate 较正式，指有条不紊地进行调查研究以发现事实真相，更常用以说明调查案件、情况、背景来历等。例如：
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examine 是普通用语，指仔细地检查某人或物。该词还指官方主持的检查或医生进行的诊察，也表示对某种观点的讨论研究，更指考试。例如：
They examined our passports very carefully.
他们仔细检查了我们的护照。
An optician is qualified to examine your eyes and prescribe glasses.
眼科医生有资格来检查你的眼睛并给你配眼镜。
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inspect 较正式，用得不如 examine广泛，指对某人或某物 进行检查、查问，带有揭示其差异或缺陷的意思。 更常指官员们的视察以发现下属单位的缺点等，还 指检阅军队。例如：The firemen were inspecting the warehouse for
potential fire hazards.
消防人员正在检查仓库以防火灾。Every length of cloth is inspected before it leaves the factory.
出厂之前每寸布匹都检查过。
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throw light on: help understanding
These facts throw new light on the matter.
这些事实使人进一步了解此事。
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exception: n. sb./sth. that a comment or statement does not apply to
这是那项规定的一个明显的例外。
This is an apparent exception to the rule.
There is an exception to this grammatical rule.
Pattern:an exception to
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Collocation：有很多 /很少例外with many/few exceptions
毫无例外，一律without exception
除……之外with the exception
把……作为例外make an exception of
不容许有例外；一视同仁make no exceptions
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desirable: adj. worth having as by being useful, advantageous, or pleasing; worth achieving
Main Street is a very desirable location for a large department store. It is most desirable that he should attend the conference.
NB:
antonym: undesirable
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accomplish: vt. manage to do (sth.)
She’s accomplished a great deal in the last few weeks.
这项任务不是在一代人的时间里所能完成的。The task will not be accomplished in one generation.
Collocation：达到目的accomplish one’s object/goal
完成使命accomplish one’s mission
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这三个词都含“完成”的意思。accomplish, complete & finishCF:
I don’t feel our visit really accomplished anything.我不认为我们的访问真正取了什么结果。
The building will be completed by the end of this month. 这座楼于本月底建成。
complete 比 accomplish 具体，可接建筑、工程、书籍等名 词，指按预期目的把未完成的工作经过进一步的努 力使之完成，主要涵义是补足缺少的部分。例如：
accomplish 通常接 task, aim, journey, voyage等名词，有时 兼有取得效果之意。例如：
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finish 在许多情况下可与 complete换用 , 但不及 complete正式，常含有认真仔细地完成工作的 最后阶段的精工修饰，使之完美的意思。例如：
Finish the work off before you leave for your holiday. 你去度假前应先把工作做完。
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in due course: at the proper time; eventually
Be patient. You’ll get your promotion in due course.
Your book will be published in due course.
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critical: adj. 1. very important
A second income is critical to the family’s well-being.接下来的两个礼拜对于公司来说是至关重要的。The next two weeks will be critical for the company.
Collocation：重大的决定a critical decision
紧要关头，关键时刻critical moment
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2. very serious or dangerous
a critical shortage of food 严重短缺食物
Collocation：危险状态critical condition
重病a critical illness
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principal 和 principle的意思完全不同，但常常被混淆。principle 仅作名词用，其主要意义指基本的东西或规则和标准。
principal adj. main; chief
the principal food of the people of India
the principal rivers of Europe
principal & principleCF:
principal 既是名词又是形容词。作为名词，它一般指居于 高位或担任重要角色的人。例如： a meeting among all the principals in the transaction。作 为形容词，它有主要的或首要的的意思。
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rear: 1. vt. Bring up and educate; look after (animals)
rear children
饲养家禽rear poultry
2. n. back part 后部；背面
The kitchen is in the rear of the house.
停车场在这建筑物的后边。The parking lot is at the rear of the building.
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make up for: repay with sth. good; compensate for
I didn’t travel much when I was younger, but I’m certainly making up for lost time now.
他们加速进行以补回失去的时间。They hurried on to make up for lost time.
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in retrospect: on evaluating the past; upon reflection
In retrospect, what I have done is clearly absurd.
There are some things that you only become totally conscious of in retrospect.
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facility: n.
play the piano with facility
有学习语言的天才have great facility in learning languages
1. ability to do sth. easily and well
sports facilities
娱乐设施entertainment facilities
2. (pl.) equipment, aids, etc. which make it easy to do things
There are facilities for cooking in the kitchen.
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apply: vi.
1. be relevant; have an effect
Pattern:
apply to sb./sth. What I have said does not apply to you.教授的这条建议只适用于一些大学生。
The advice given by the professor only applies to some of the college students.
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2. write a letter or fill in a form in order to ask formally for sth.
Pattern:
apply (to sb.) for sth.apply to do sth.
We applied to the authorities for assistance.
他决定申请参加学生会。
He decided to apply to join the Student Union.
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priority: n. sth. that one must do before anything else
Study is not on his list of priorities.
道路建设应是予以优先考虑的事。
Road building is a first priority.
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evolve: vi. develop gradually
Pattern:evolve into 进化成，发展成，逐步形成evolve from/out of 由……演化而成；从……发展而来The early fish have evolved into some 30,000 different species.
这一简单的计划逐步形成为一项复杂的规划。The simple plan evolved into a complicated scheme.
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Some people believe that we evolved from the apes.这整个想法是从信口说出的一句话发展而来的。The whole idea evolved from a casual remark.
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contrast:
1. v. compare (two people or things) so that differences are made clear
In her speech she contrasted the government’s optimistic promises with its dismal achievements.
我忍不住把她的态度和她朋友的态度作了对比。I cannot help contrasting her attitude with that of her friends.
Pattern:contrast A with/and B
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Collocation：形成鲜明的对比contrast sharply/strikingly
形成惊人的 /强烈的对比contrast startlingly/strongly
2. n. difference between things compared
The atmosphere of the Second World War in London was a complete contrast to that of the First.There is a marked contrast between the group’s actions and its principles.
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Collocation：与……形成鲜明的对照constitute/form a sharp contrast to
加强对比intensify/sharpen the contrast
显示出差别reveal/show a contrast
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harbor:
He might be harboring a death wish.
1. vt. keep (sth.) secretly in one’s mind
The navy has constructed an artificial harbor.
2. n. place of shelter for ships
harbor thoughts of revenge
All the ships stayed in the harbor during the storm.
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promote: vt. help to grow or develop
new efforts to promote the world peace
促进经济发展promote economic growth
牛奶增进健康。Milk promotes health.
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promote & further这两个词都可指促使某事物朝着预期的目标发展。
CF:
promote the understanding between the two countries促进两国之间的相互了解The audiolingual method should be promoted.
应当推广听说法。
further 则用于除了起始阶段以外的各个发展阶段。例如：
Getting a scholarship will further her education.
获得奖学金可以使她继续深造。
promote 用于事物发展的各个阶段，包括起始阶段。例如：
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It later emerged that the driver of the car had been drunk.
emerge: vi. come out
Eventually the truth of the matter emerged.Large scale industry emerged gradually as technology evolved.
The sun emerges from behind the clouds.太阳从云层背后出现。
Pattern:emerge from/out of
New evidence emerged from the investigation.It emerges that …
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valid: adj. based on truth or sound reasoning
This is a valid argument against economic growth.
They have valid reasons for refusing to do it.
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worthwhile: adj. worth doing; worth the trouble taken
Here is some worthwhile advice to any young businessman.
It’s a worthwhile book.
太阳从云层背后出现。
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superior: better than average or than others of the same type
The enemies were superior in numbers.
敌军在数量上占优势。
Pattern:be superior tobe superior in
This carpet is far superior to that one in quality.
这条地毯在质量上远远比那条好。
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Useful Expressions
1. 被系在…上 2-1 be attached to …
2. 探索行为 4-2 exploratory behavior
3. 偶尔 4-10 on occasion
4. 父母的责任 4-12 parental duties
5. 揭示，阐明 5-3 throw light on
6. 最终目的 6-3 ultimate purpose
7. 要做的动作 6-5 desired action
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desirable outcome
critical point
value of child rearing
making up for a misdeed
in retrospect
well-intentioned
come to sb.’s rescue
8. 所希望的结果 6-8
9. 关键 7-5
10. 育儿观 7-8
11. 弥补某种错误行为 7-10
12. 回想起来 8-1
13. 善意的 9-1
14. 前来帮助某人 9-2
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15. 极其熟练、温和地9-4
with extreme facility and gentleness
16. 适用于 10-2 apply to
17. 发展到 11-5
evolve to
18. 发展创造力 12-7 promote creativity
19. 值得追求的目标 14-2worthwhile goals